1、時(shí)態(tài) （tense）,present perfect,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),Lead-in,When did you start your English learning?,I. Formation（構(gòu)成） I have studied English since 2008. 主語(yǔ) + have /has +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞（VPP）,否定,主+havent / hasnt+ VPP,疑問(wèn),Have/ Has +主+ VPP ?,肯定: Yes, 主語(yǔ) + have/has. 否定：No, 主語(yǔ) + havent/hasnt.,Translation.,我已完成了家庭作業(yè)。 I have finishe

2、d my homework.,他已完成了家庭作業(yè)。 He has finished his homework.,havent,Has he,Yes,he has.,No ,he hasnt.,？,I. Formation（構(gòu)成） 主語(yǔ) + have /has +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞（VPP）,否定,主+havent / hasnt+ VPP,疑問(wèn),Have/ Has +主+ VPP ?,肯定: Yes, 主語(yǔ) + have/has. 否定：No, 主語(yǔ) + havent/hasnt.,II：Usage（用法）,1.繼續(xù)表示從過(guò)去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) 常與thesedays,recently, lat

3、ely, in the past years,等連用； since + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for + 一段時(shí)間。 自從2008年以來(lái)我就在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。 I have studied English since 2008. 我在玉潭當(dāng)了兩年的老師。 I have been a teacher in Yu Tan for 2 years.,for+時(shí)間段 VS since+時(shí)間點(diǎn),for+時(shí)段 since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)（自從以來(lái)） since+時(shí)段+ago since+從句(從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)),He has lived in Beijing 2008. He has lived in Beijing 3 y

4、ears. He has lived in Beijing 3 years ago. He has lived in Beijing he was born.,since,for,since,since,2.結(jié)果 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果. “做了” I have just washed my hands. （對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“手干凈了”） She has just had her breakfast. (對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響：不餓) 他丟了他的英語(yǔ)書(shū)。 He has lost his English book. (結(jié)果：沒(méi)有英語(yǔ)書(shū)了),3.經(jīng)驗(yàn) 表示過(guò)去某時(shí)到現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、

5、經(jīng)歷常 和never，ever，twice，before等連用。 IhavebeentotheGreatWalltwice. 我曾經(jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城兩次。 這支筆我只用過(guò)三次。 I have used this pen only three times.,Someone (break) the window. I (read) this book three times. I (not see) him since last Friday night.,結(jié)果,經(jīng)驗(yàn),繼續(xù),has broken,have read,have not seen,Exercise:,用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 1.表示包括現(xiàn)

6、在在內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) until now, up to now, so far, recently, lately, in the past years 2. 表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) never, ever, five times 3.表示不確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) before，already, yet .,already VS yet,already 用于肯定句中,置于句中。 yet 用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句,置于句末 。 John has already finished that report. 約翰已經(jīng)把報(bào)告寫(xiě)出來(lái)了。 John, have you finished that report y

7、et? 約翰，你已經(jīng)把報(bào)告寫(xiě)出來(lái)了嗎？ John hasnt finished that report yet. 約翰還沒(méi)有寫(xiě)完報(bào)告。,have been toVShave gone to,上一頁(yè),下一頁(yè),主菜單,她去過(guò)永興兩次。 她去了永興。 她在永興兩個(gè)月了。,She Yongxing twice.,She Yongxing.,She Yongxing for 2 months.,has been to,has gone to,has been in,短暫性(瞬間性) 動(dòng)詞不能和for, since短語(yǔ)或 How long等連用。 但其否定形式可以。,I have received his

8、 letter for a month.,I havent received his letter for a month.,The teacher has left for half an hour.,The teacher has been away for half an hour .,(be away),常見(jiàn)短暫性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)變,arrive/come/go to die become a borrow leave/ move buy open join start/begin finish/ end get out close,be in,be dead,have,keep,

9、be away / be out,be a,be in/a member of,be open,be on,be over,be out,be closed,1.自從2001年以來(lái), 中國(guó)人的飲食已經(jīng)發(fā)生了很大的變化.,Great changes _ in Chinese diet since 2001,have taken place,2.湯姆已經(jīng)結(jié)婚10年了. Tom _for ten years,has been married,Translation:,你累嗎？你已跳了三個(gè)小時(shí)啦！,Are you tired？ You have been jumping for three hours

10、.,她肯定累了，因?yàn)樗惶煲恢痹谔?She must be tired, as she has been dancing all day.,The Present Perfect Continuous Tense (現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)),Form:,have/has + been + doing,Definition: 常與all the time, all night, all the morning, recently, since, for等連用。,動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直延續(xù) 到現(xiàn)在,還有可能繼續(xù)下去。,1.I have been waiting for an hour but he stil

11、l hasnt shown up. 我已經(jīng)等了一個(gè)小時(shí)，但他還沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)。 2. I am tired. I have been working all the morning. 我很累。 我干了一上午的活了。,3. I have been living here since 2000. 自2000年以來(lái)我一直住在這。 4. How long have you been working in this company? 你在這家公司上班多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可帶有感情色彩。 We have been looking forward to our summer vacation. 我們一直盼

12、望著暑假。,2. Too many good things have been happening today. 今天已經(jīng)發(fā)生了太多的好事情。,1. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider,practice,2. Where have you been? We _ for you everywhere . A

13、. look B. were looking C. have been looking D. had been looked 3. I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now. A. hasnt written B. doesnt write C. wont write D. hadnt written,Comparison,have done,have been doing,動(dòng)作已完成,動(dòng)作從過(guò)去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的 結(jié)果或影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作可能繼續(xù),1.The telephone _ (ring) for quite a while. Why_anyone_(answer) it? 2.They _ (read) the articl