1、Reading Skill: Understanding Sentences,Structure of a Reading Material,passage,word,sentence,paragraph,meaning,structure,topic sentence,1. Understanding complex sentence structure,1st step: identify the main clause and its core parts, that is, the subject, the verb, and the object of a sentence 2nd

2、step: identify modifying elements and relate them to the core parts 3rd step: identify subordinate clauses and relate them to the main clause,簡單句 并列句 復(fù)合句,Analyze the sentences,找出句子主要成分,A simple sentence is a sentence that comprises only one independent clause Two or more coordinated independent clau

3、ses make a compound sentence. When an independent clause comprises one or more than one dependent clauses as its element(s), this makes a complex sentence. Two or more coordinated independent clauses with at least one complex clause make a compound-complex sentence.,He went out.,主語（部分）,謂語（部分）,簡單句,An

4、alyze the sentences,找出句子主要成分,We learn English.,主語,謂語,賓語,Analyze the sentences,并列句,and, but, or, so, yet, for, while,During the 1840s, Marx met Engels, another revolutionary writer, and they became close friends.,_,Analyze the sentences,My grammar is improving, but my listening is poor.,Analyze the s

5、entences,并列句,_,When he came in, I was doing my homework.,主語,謂語,賓語,狀語從句,Analyze the sentences,復(fù)合句,I guess she also showed that she was very interested in working for our company.,Practice,找出句子主要成分,the Structure of English Sentences,2.1 Basic sentence types The seven basic clause types are SVC, SV, SV

6、A, SVO, SVOA, SVOC, SVoO. The man is a teacher. I sent him a telegram. They elected him president. He looks fine. He smiled., The train leaves at 6 p.m. I live in He Fei. He won the game. I put the material evidence in front of him. We make him our spokesman. He treated her vilely(卑鄙的).,Examples,Eve

7、n when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. 分析: 該句子由一個主句, 三個作伴隨狀語的現(xiàn)在分詞以及位于句首的時間狀語從句組成, 共有五層意思: A. 既使在我們關(guān)掉了床頭燈深深地進(jìn)入夢鄉(xiāng)時; B.電仍在為我們工作; C. 幫我們開動電冰箱; D.把水加熱; E. 或使室內(nèi)空調(diào)機(jī)繼續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。,主語從句

8、It is natural that girls identify raising children as a female activity. 表語從句 A prevailing phenomenon nowadays is that countries on the earth are becoming more and more assimilated. 同位語從句 The view that women are better parents than men has shown itself to be true throughout history.,賓語從句 Others advo

9、cate that we should encourage more and more people to wear traditional clothes. 定語從句 School students are teenagers who are undergoing fast physical development. 狀語從句 Some people feel happy when they have made money, while I find bliss when I am reading a good book.,Figures of Speech (1),Figures of s

10、peech are forms of expression that depart from normal word or sentence order or from the common literal meanings of words, for the purpose of achieving a special effect. In everyday speech and writing and in literature the chief functions of figures of speech are probably to embellish, to emphasize

11、or to clarify. They are used to give tone or atmosphere to discourse, to provide vivid examples to stimulate thought by startling the reader or listener, to give life to inanimate objects, to amuse, or to ornament. Figures of speech exist in almost endless variety and many are closely related or int

12、ricately overlap, hence no completely satisfactory system of classification has ever been devised. The following are some commonly used ones:,Figures of Speech (2),simile 明喻 metaphor 暗喻 personification 擬人 metonymy轉(zhuǎn)喻 Synecdoche提喻 Antonomasia換喻 euphemism委婉語 Hyperbole夸張 litotes曲言；含蓄渲染 Antithesis對照、對仗 Paradox (反論； 12. Oxymoron矛盾 13. Epigram警句 Apostrophe頓呼 rhetorical question修辭疑問句,16. Irony反語 17. Sarcasm尖刻諷刺 18. Satire諷刺 19. Ridicule嘲笑 2