1、大學(xué)英語四級寫作指導(dǎo),Zhaohuaqin,大學(xué)英語四級作文評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),2分條理不清，思路紊亂，語言支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯誤，且多數(shù)為嚴(yán)重錯誤。 5分基本切題。表達(dá)思想不清楚，連貫性差。有較多的嚴(yán)重語言錯誤。 8分基本切題。有些地方表達(dá)思想不夠清楚，文字勉強連貫；語言錯誤相當(dāng)多，其中有一些是嚴(yán)重錯誤。 11分切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語言錯誤。 14分切題。表達(dá)思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性好。基本上無語言錯誤，僅有個別小錯。(注: 白卷, 作文與題目毫不相關(guān), 或只有幾個孤立的詞而無法表達(dá)思想,則給0分。),英語四級寫作基本文體,英語四級考試的作文大體可以分為： 1、正反論證 2、

2、原因現(xiàn)象描述類； 3、圖表； 4、名言諺語。 5、信件。所謂的寫信，無非就是在這四類的基礎(chǔ)上，套用信件的格式而已。,英語文章段落結(jié)構(gòu)特點 主題句+擴展句+結(jié)尾句 1）主題句：文章段落的中心思想句。它是英語文章段落的靈魂，居于主導(dǎo)地位。一般位于段落的句首。 2）擴展句：為主題句起解釋說明或論證的句子。 3）結(jié)尾句：總結(jié)句 60%-70%的段落 由主題句+擴展句構(gòu)成。,作文得分技巧總結(jié),1、 卷面整潔，書寫清楚 2、 構(gòu)思簡單，少犯錯誤 3、 中心突出，層次分明 4、 固定經(jīng)典，名言注目 5、 重在變化，寧簡勿爛,1、主題句原則,主題句通常放在句首 Due Attention should Be

3、Given to Spelling(2010.6) 1. 如今不少學(xué)生在英語學(xué)習(xí)中不重視拼寫 2. 出現(xiàn)這種情況的原因 3. 為了改變這種狀況，我認(rèn)為 1. Nowadays, an increasing number of students seem to attach less importance to spelling in English learning. 2. There are (various) reasons responsible for this embarrassing situation. 3. To change this situation, I hold to

4、 the belief that.,2、闡述觀點的一二三原則,（1）first, second, third, last （2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally （3）the first, the second, the third, the last （4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly （5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally （6）to start with, next, in addition, f

5、inally （7）first and foremost, besides, last but not least （8）most important of all, moreover, finally （9）on the one hand, on the other hand （適用于兩點的情況） （10）for one thing, for another thing（適用于兩點的情況）,3、短語優(yōu)先原則,寫作時，尤其是在考試時，如果使用短語，有兩個好處：其一、用短語會使文章增加亮點。其二、關(guān)鍵時刻思維短路，只有湊字?jǐn)?shù)，用短語是一個辦法！比如： I cannot bear/ stand i

6、t.可以用短語表達(dá)：I cannot put up with it. I want it.可以用短語表達(dá)：I am looking forward to it. Importantbe of importance- play an important role in,4、多實少虛原則,寫文章還是應(yīng)該寫一些實際的東西，不要空話連篇。這就要求一定要多用實詞，少用那些比較大的詞。比如我們說一個很好的時候，不應(yīng)該只說nice這樣空洞的詞，應(yīng)該使用一些諸如generous, humorous, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospitable之類的形象詞。再比如： 走出房間

7、：walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房間應(yīng)該說：slip out of the room 小姐走出房間應(yīng)該說：sail out of the room 小孩走出房間應(yīng)該說：dance out of the room 老人走出房間應(yīng)該說：stagger out of the room,1. 詞匯等級及準(zhǔn)確性 important：significant; vital; main; crucial 2. 結(jié)合語境選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)挠迷~ big: large; great; huge; vast; enormous etc. large population/ a large number

8、 of great changes /presidents/ Great Hall of the People huge：a huge stone, a huge building巨大的，往往指體積 a vast forest, a vast sea, a vast desert 廣袤無垠的、面積廣闊的,5.多變句式原則 （1）加法（串聯(lián)）,I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar. 如果是二者并列的，我們可以下面句式： Not only is the fur coat soft, but it is also warm. 其它的短語可以用：

9、 besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover，in addition, whats more,（2）轉(zhuǎn)折,批評某人缺點的時候，我們總習(xí)慣先拐彎抹角說說他的優(yōu)點，然后轉(zhuǎn)入正題，再說缺點，寫文章的時候注意二者之間用個轉(zhuǎn)折詞就夠了。 The coat was thin, but it was warm. The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. 更多的短語： still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite,（3）因果 (先后),The

10、snow began to fall, so we went home. 更多短語： then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that,（4）豐富句式,主語從句 Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. What impressed me most is his humor. 表語從句 This is what I can do. 賓語從句 The students seldom reflect on what the

11、y have learned a day.,在句子中穿插定語從句和同位語從句或者是插入語，使句子有變化。 The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. I dont enjoy that book you are reading. Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. Qingdao, my hometown, is a famous tourist city.,倒裝句 1. only狀語，句子用部分倒裝 Only when the war was over in 1918 w

12、as he able to get back to work Only in this way can you learn English well 2. not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意義的詞或詞組位于句首,句子用部分倒裝。 eg.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我剛到家就下起了雨。 eg.Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘

13、公共汽車上班。,修辭 （比喻，擬人，夸張，排比等） I wondered lonely as a cloud. I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods. When I told our father about this, his heart burst. We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.,6、挑戰(zhàn)極限原則,在學(xué)生的文章

14、中，很少發(fā)現(xiàn)諸如獨立主格的句子，其實也很簡單，它就是分詞的一種特殊形式，分詞要求主語一致，而獨立主格則不然。比如： The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the hills. Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.,議論文寫作的基本模式,從2006年6月四級改革以來，議論文已經(jīng)成為四級作文的絕對主流，無論是學(xué)生還是老師，都對此類題目進行了充分的準(zhǔn)備。對于這種類型的文章，寫作

15、框架如下： 第一段：現(xiàn)象背景介紹+引出話題（公眾觀點+大概理由）；第二段：關(guān)于話題的相關(guān)因素（影響，作用，好處，危害或原因等）；第三段：陳述自己觀點或預(yù)期未來。,組成一篇文章的三要素是：結(jié)構(gòu)，內(nèi)容和語言。對于此類型的文章，同學(xué)們是很難在結(jié)構(gòu)上略勝一籌的； 至于具體內(nèi)容，也完全不需要推陳出新，因為批卷老師是完全沒有時間仔細(xì)看理由的。所以，如何體現(xiàn)我們的寫作能力和文章價值，關(guān)鍵在于文章遣詞造句的質(zhì)量。 此類文章的高分原則為：第一，在文章中必須有五個左右的銜接詞，來體現(xiàn)邏輯性。第二，用詞盡量避免重復(fù)，體現(xiàn)語言的靈活和升級。第三，盡量使用非陳述句式，如倒裝、被動、及插入語等。,How Should P

16、arents Help Children to Be Independent？ （2010年12月） 1. 目前不少父母為孩子包辦一切2. 為了讓孩子獨立， 父母應(yīng)該,Recently, childrens independence has become a matter of a public concern, especially for those parents who have only one child. On the one hand, some parents take care of almost everything concerned with their childr

17、en, which they believe is the best way to love them. On the other hand, children get used to depending on their parents in everything and lack of ability to solve problems on their own, which is very bad for their growth.,The following ways can be adopted to change the current situation. First of al

18、l, parents should make their children aware the importance and necessity of being independent, so as to cultivate the kids sense of independence. Secondly, parents should give their children much chance to handle their own life, to solve problems independently, and to encourage them to make decision

19、s by themselves. Thirdly, when their children are faced with difficulties and need some instructions or advice, parents should offer proper assistance. In fact, more than three ways can be adopted.,As far as Im concerned, parents should help their children be independent, instead of determining ever

20、ything for them. Whats more, children should be willing to improve the ability to overcome difficulties independently. only through the two aspects can the children grow up in a free environment and become independent persons.,英語作文常用諺語、俗語 1、All roads lead to Rome. 條條大路通羅馬。 2、All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 只會用功不玩耍，聰明孩子也 變傻 3、Actions speak louder than words. 事實勝于雄辯。 4、A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患難見真情。 5、A good beginning is half done. 良好的開端是成功的一半。 6、A good beginning makes a good ending. 善始者善終。 7、A good book is a go