1、科技論文的基本結(jié)構(gòu) 闡述更易踐行的做法 1 科技論文應(yīng)如何命題？ 2 如何寫(xiě)英文摘要? 3 如何選定關(guān)鍵詞？ 摘要、關(guān)鍵詞有更易切入的辦法。 4 科技論文表達(dá)的基本要素，如：圖表設(shè)計(jì) 數(shù)理公式 化學(xué)反應(yīng)式等的表達(dá) 于細(xì)微處見(jiàn)功夫 5 如何表達(dá)致謝？ 對(duì)各類(lèi)科學(xué)基金的英文表述,Title1 概述2 結(jié)構(gòu)特征3 Title 的基本模式4 幾點(diǎn)具體作法5 文題舉例6 圖表題名常見(jiàn)的幾種表達(dá)形式,1 概述英文題名與中文題名同義概括性強(qiáng), 具體翔實(shí), 具個(gè)性英文文題應(yīng)符合英語(yǔ)規(guī)范,科技論文的題名具有高度濃縮文章內(nèi)容、文獻(xiàn)編制、信息導(dǎo)讀和類(lèi)型識(shí)別等功能。 題名應(yīng)準(zhǔn)確恰當(dāng)、言簡(jiǎn)意賅和清楚明朗 “題好一半文”

2、,題名是論文核心內(nèi)容的高度概括和集中表達(dá)，是最恰當(dāng)、最簡(jiǎn)明并能反映論文最重要的特定內(nèi)容的詞語(yǔ)的邏輯組合，明白無(wú)誤又簡(jiǎn)明扼要地表達(dá)出作者的研究成果或研究思路，讓讀者通過(guò)題名即可明了論文要表述的大致內(nèi)容，使其很快便形成正確的區(qū)分或取舍判斷。,一個(gè)好的命題，有利于： 引起讀者的興趣 檢索系統(tǒng)收錄 關(guān)鍵詞選定 （包含較多的信息） 檢索 引證,題名應(yīng)避免詞義疊加重復(fù) 例如： Chemical Speciation Analysis of Selenium in Biological Samples by , Selenium Speciation in Biological Samples by ,“S

3、peciation”(鑒別 分類(lèi))含義已經(jīng)包括物質(zhì)的各種化學(xué)形態(tài)、形態(tài)分析?！癈hemical”、“Analysis”應(yīng)刪去。,舉例 在三個(gè)升溫速率下用熱天平研究 煤的熱解及其反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué), 煤的熱解及其反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué),PES/PC 共混體系的研究, PES/PC 共混體系的力學(xué)性能； PES/PC 共混體系的相容性與力學(xué)性能,Modern Thermal Analysis,Calorimetric Measurements of Polymers,一般性原則 from: Style Guide, A Manual for Authors and Editors. 4th printing,1996

4、, The best time to determine the title is after you have written the text , because the title should reflect the papers content and emphasis accurately and clearly., Avoid phrases like “on the”, “a study of”, “research on”, “report on”, “regarding”, and “use of”.,On the glass transition of binary bl

5、ends of polystyrene with different molecular weight, Glass transition of binary blends of ,On the apparent phase diagram of nylon1010/nylon6 copolymers, Apparent phase diagram of nylon1010/nylon6 copolymers,通常，少用 Studies on Investigation of Relationship between and “論文題目以O(shè)n , Study on , Research on

6、開(kāi)頭是陳腐的表達(dá)形式，19世紀(jì)很流行，現(xiàn)在幾乎已絕跡。” “凡是用Study on 的，十有八九是中國(guó)作者寫(xiě)的?！?Physical properties and structure of ion-containing polymers Influence of the mechanical properties of the dispersed phase upon the behavior of nylon/rubber blends Single-phase bicomponent network by random crosslinking of hydroxyl-termineted

7、 polymer,Low temperature impact-resistant thermoplastic polyester composition Highly selective ion-exchange membranes and their manufacture Mechanical properties of nature rubber composites reinforced with cellulose fibers, In most cases, omit “the” at beginning of the title,The microstructure of mi

8、crocrystalline cellulose, Microstructure of microcrystalline cellulose,The synthesis of a novel alcohol- soluble polyamide resin, Synthesis of a novel alcohol- soluble polyamide resin, Avoid nonquantitative , meaningless words like “rapid” and “new”, 應(yīng)全拼文題的所有術(shù)語(yǔ)，避免使用不易懂的專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)、符號(hào)、公式和簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)（略號(hào)）。盡可能使用單詞，而不用含

9、有上下角標(biāo)或其他特殊的標(biāo)注。勿引用公司名稱(chēng)、特殊的商標(biāo)或化學(xué)試劑、藥物、材料或儀器的牌號(hào)名稱(chēng)。,DSC 法研究 P-MDI 與淀粉、復(fù)合變性淀粉的反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué), 文題應(yīng)服務(wù)于兩個(gè)目的：首先應(yīng)吸引潛在的讀者，其次是便于存儲(chǔ)和檢索。因此，文題應(yīng)包含幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞，應(yīng)能提供計(jì)算機(jī)文題檢索的最大信息。 不提倡使用系列文題，通常無(wú)法確保多篇論文一定會(huì)連載于同一命題之下。 如提不出較短的文題，可將其分出副標(biāo)題。,文題的主題應(yīng)集中，不求面面俱到。例如： Calorimetric study and thermal analysis of crystalline nicotinic acid, Calorimetr

10、ic and thermogravimetric stuty of crystalline nicotinic acid,Preparation, thermal decomposition process, non-isothermal kinetics and lifetime equation of complex, Preparation, thermal decomposition kinetics of complex,Comparison between quenching and annealing and influence of free surface on morpho

11、logy in thin films of symmetric ABA triblock copolymer: a Monte Carlo simulation, Structure and morphology of quenched and annealed of symmetric ABA triblock copolymer : a Monte Carlo simulation,文題應(yīng)盡量表達(dá)論文的新意 Thermal analysis kinetics studies on the dehydration of calcium oxalate monohydrate, Applica

12、tion of non-isothermal kinetics of multiple rates to kinetic analysis of dehydration for calcium oxalate monohydrate,CaC2O4 H2O 的失水反應(yīng)早已有人測(cè)過(guò),主題明確 Blends of the novel bismaleimide and cyanate containing naphthalene, Curing and thermal stability for blends of the novel bismaleimide and cyanate containi

13、ng naphthalene,題名不當(dāng)分析 1) 缺要素 糖尿病的研究 2) 要素修飾不足 手術(shù)治療胃癌500例臨床療效觀察 此題名不具有特異性，不利于文章被檢索 3) 修飾過(guò)度 題名中的每個(gè)詞語(yǔ)，都避免用繁瑣、冗長(zhǎng)的 形容詞或不必要的虛詞修飾。,1 概述2 結(jié)構(gòu)特征3 Title 的基本模式4 幾點(diǎn)具體作法5 文題舉例6 圖表題名常見(jiàn)的幾種表達(dá)形式,2 結(jié)構(gòu)特征 偏正名詞短語(yǔ) 中心詞 such as: Preparation Synthesis Polymerization (Copolymerization) Reaction (Interaction) Modification Sepa

14、ration Design (Elementary) Model,Method Characterization Identification Analysis Comparison Evaluation Assessment Structure Composition,Property Behavior Magnetic properties Irradiation degradation Activity Oxidation Thermostability Compatibility,Application Progress Study 中心詞會(huì)因?qū)W科而異 在中心詞前加以限定、修飾，和通過(guò)

15、介詞of, to, in 等構(gòu)成后置定語(yǔ)，或通過(guò) using, under 等引出采用的實(shí)驗(yàn)手段、實(shí)驗(yàn)條件等。,已如上述，應(yīng)避免 study on 之類(lèi)的詞。再舉一例： Study on the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of poly(ether-sulfone)/poly(phenylene-sulfide) blends, thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of poly(ether-sulfone)/poly(phenylene-sulfide) blends,但當(dāng)在這類(lèi)詞前有限

16、定成分時(shí)，則應(yīng)予保留。 如： MTDSC and atomic force microscopy studies of morphology and recrystallization in polyesters including oriented films. Thermal degradation studies of some aliphatic polyamides using simultaneous techniques (TG-MS, TG-FTIR).,當(dāng)有介詞by時(shí), 應(yīng)保留investigation 之類(lèi)的詞。 Investigation of phase behavio

17、r of polymer blends by thermal methods. A study of rate constants for two-phase electron-transfer reaction by A.C. impedance A.C. impedance study of rate constants for two-phase electron-transfer reaction,不應(yīng)將一長(zhǎng)串的前置詞作一個(gè)詞的修飾詞 Thermal decomposition kinetics of the complexes of light rare earth bromides

18、 with alanine by DSC method,DSC study on kinetics of thermal decomposition for the complexes of light rare earth bromides with alanine,另外，此文的中文原標(biāo)題為： “ DSC研究溴化輕稀土甘氨酸的熱分解 動(dòng)力學(xué)” 這是一個(gè)省略主語(yǔ)“我們”，具有主（省略）、謂（研究）、賓結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。 通常，文題用短語(yǔ)，而不用句子。,圖、表和分節(jié)標(biāo)題也應(yīng)避免使用無(wú)主語(yǔ)句 例如： 應(yīng)用列表 應(yīng)用一覽表 用DSC測(cè)試熱效應(yīng) 熱效應(yīng)的DSC測(cè)試 用TGA-MS分析分解產(chǎn)物 分解產(chǎn)物的TG

19、A-MS分析 檢查材料性能 材料性能檢測(cè),8.2.2 If using a continuous-scan programme 若使用連續(xù)掃描法 8.2.2 If using a stepwise-scan programme 若使用步進(jìn)掃描法,連續(xù)掃描法 步進(jìn)掃描法,分節(jié)標(biāo)題應(yīng)注意上下層次和隸屬關(guān)系 熱分析應(yīng)用手冊(cè) 第一章 熱分析導(dǎo)論 1.1 概論,第一章 熱分析概述 1.1 前言,問(wèn)話形式的文題，通常較為少見(jiàn) What has brought on the effects of number-average molecular weight on the spinodals in poly

20、mer mixtures ?,文題通常不用標(biāo)點(diǎn)，但也并不盡然。 如： “小說(shuō)，就應(yīng)該是藝術(shù)品” 訪著名旅美華人作家聶華苓 女兒，我該怎么愛(ài)你,通常也不以句子命題，但并不盡然。 如： 2008-04-05 紀(jì)念周總理110誕辰舉辦的 懷念敬愛(ài)的周總理大型情景音樂(lè)會(huì) 你是這樣的人,戀愛(ài)就像做菜 火候太大太小都不行 from: 新文化報(bào)，2009-11-02（18).,另外, 對(duì)于有爭(zhēng)議的問(wèn)題, 要以理服人, 文題應(yīng) 有事說(shuō)事, 不要扁斥人 社科院專(zhuān)家回應(yīng) “業(yè)內(nèi)人士”別說(shuō)外行話 曹操墓證據(jù)已足夠 DNA鑒定難度大 from: 北京晚報(bào), 2010-01-02(7),1 概述2 結(jié)構(gòu)特征3 Titl

21、e 的基本模式4 幾點(diǎn)具體作法5 文題舉例6 圖表題名常見(jiàn)的幾種表達(dá)形式,3 Title 的基本模式 以“中心詞”為基礎(chǔ)所做的展開(kāi) （限定詞）中心詞 后置定語(yǔ) 補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明 of by to at Between in with Under over onto,1 概述2 結(jié)構(gòu)特征3 Title 的基本模式4 幾點(diǎn)具體作法5 文題舉例6 圖表題名常見(jiàn)的幾種表達(dá)形式,4 幾點(diǎn)具體作法 字?jǐn)?shù) 通常不超過(guò)12個(gè)單詞（或1015個(gè)詞，或75字母以內(nèi)） 去掉如 Preliminary Investigation of 之類(lèi)自謙詞等多余的詞。,大小寫(xiě) 3種形式： （1）全大寫(xiě) PHASE BEHAVIOR O

22、F POLYMER BLENDS （2）每個(gè)實(shí)詞的首字母大寫(xiě)，但冠詞、連詞和通常由4個(gè)以下字母組成的介詞（如：the, and, in, at, on, by, via, for, from, over, with, near 等）小寫(xiě),Intermacromolecular Complexation Due to Specific Interaction Comparison Between Chinese Biological Abstracts and Biological Abstracts (3) 題名第一個(gè)單詞的首字母大寫(xiě),其余均小寫(xiě),常用于CONTENTS, REFERENCE

23、Heat capacity measurements under high pressure West R. Impact factors need to be improved. British Medical Journal, 1996,313:411,標(biāo)點(diǎn) 英文題名, 主副題名以冒號(hào)連接 Acta Pharmacologica Sinica: Striding Forward Towards World (中國(guó)藥理學(xué)報(bào)邁步走向世界),1 概述2 結(jié)構(gòu)特征3 Title 的基本模式4 幾點(diǎn)具體作法5 文題舉例6 圖表題名常見(jiàn)的幾種表達(dá)形式,5 文題舉例 （1）中心詞 of 這是最簡(jiǎn)單的基本

24、形式，例如： Synthesis, Properties and Catalytic Activity of Rare Earth Complexes with Noncyclic Polyether-phenylalanine Schiff Base,（2）當(dāng)文題已出現(xiàn)“of”，被測(cè)物質(zhì)（試樣）前常用 “in”或“for” Enthalpy Distribution and Densities of States in Linear Polymers An NMR Study of Mobility in a Crystalline Side-Chain Comblike Polymer,A

25、nalysis of Solvent Diffusion in High-Density Polyethylene Using NMR Imaging Techniques Rheological Properties and Foam Processability for Blends of Linear and Crosslinked Polyethylenes,（3）由固定詞組組成文題 如： Correlation between Mechanical Adhesion and Interfacial Properties of Starch/Biodegradable Polyeste

26、r Blends Effect of on Influence of on Effect of Thermal History on the Deformation and Failure of Polyimides,（4） 注意文題中的介詞用法 固定搭配 Progress in Membrane for Gas Separation Progress in Studies of Techniques of Reducing Carbon Emissions Structure and Morphology Development in Syndiotactic Polypropylene d

27、uring Isothermal Crystallization and Subsequent Melting, 在表示漢語(yǔ)類(lèi)似“的”的“所屬”關(guān)系時(shí)，應(yīng)注意諸如：on, in, to, with 等的習(xí)慣用法 on An Advanced Treatise on Physical Chemistry Treatise on Photoelasticity International Symposium on Plastics Testing and Standardization Proceedings of the International Conferences on Thermal

28、Analysis,to An Introduction to Classical and Statistical Thermodynamics Introduction to Statistical Mechanics Thermal Analysis: Fundamentals and Applications to Polymer Science,In Developments in Polymer Degradation Advances in Polymer Science Progress in Separation and Purification Experimental Tec

29、hniques in Low Temperature Physics Viscoelastic Properties in Polymers With Engineering Design with Rubber, 有時(shí)介詞全部用小寫(xiě) Crystallization Behavior of Polypropylene with or without Sodium Benzoate as a Nucleating Agent 由介詞by, with 等 將文題做進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展 Reversible and Irreversible Heat Capacity of Polycarbonyl(ethy

30、lene-co-propylene) by Temperature-Modulated Calorimetry,有時(shí)介詞并非一種搭配方式 (A) Study of (on) Studies on (of),但 study不與 for 搭配，下例不合適 The study for relationship of initial strength of reactive hot-melting adhesive and hot tack index,眉題(running title) 少于45個(gè)印刷符號(hào)（包括每個(gè)單詞間的間距） (1) 主要詞，去掉次要部分及冠詞等 Structure effect

31、 on vinyl polymerization initiated with aromatic tertiary amine polymerization initiated with amine,(2) 化合物名稱(chēng)用代號(hào) A new peak (T4) in the 13C-NMR spectrum of polybutadiene peak (T4) in 13C-NMR spectrum of PBD,(3) 詞的縮寫(xiě) Studies on vinyl polymerization with initiation system containing amine derivatives,

32、 vinyl polymn with amine containing initiation system,(4) 按文意重新命眉題 Research on the polycondensation kinetics of -amino-acids, POLYAMIDATION OF -AMINO-ACIDS,1 概述2 結(jié)構(gòu)特征3 Title 的基本模式4 幾點(diǎn)具體作法5 文題舉例6 圖表題名常見(jiàn)的幾種表達(dá)形式,6 圖表題名常見(jiàn)的幾種表達(dá)形式 圖表名與文題在結(jié)構(gòu)、表達(dá)形式等方面有某些相似之處，但畢竟隸屬文題之下，應(yīng)注意簡(jiǎn)潔和自明性。 例Table 2 The time kinetic stu

33、dy of catalyzation by glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), Time kinetics of catalyzation by Time-kinetic data of catalyzation by ,在已明確討論的前提（從文題、關(guān)鍵詞、摘要等獲知）條件下，涉及的標(biāo)題化合物較為單一，而其命名又較為復(fù)雜時(shí)，也常采用samples, compounds, system 之類(lèi)較為籠統(tǒng)的字眼。如不十分復(fù)雜，應(yīng)具體寫(xiě)明。,（1）以“的”偏正詞組形式 這是常見(jiàn)而簡(jiǎn)單的形式，例如： Fig.4 DSC curves of Zn2+-coating fil

34、m cured at 80 for different time Fig.3 curves of catalysts with different composition,Table 1 2values and relative intensities of the XRD patterns of the reaction between and Fig.X The equilibrium of two different conformation of porphyrin dimmers in solution Fig.1 XRD patterns of the resulted TiO2

35、powders prepared at different temperatures Fig.5 Grain sizes of rutile TiO2 crystals changing with c(HNO3),(2) 示意圖、圖、照片 可有以下幾種表達(dá)形式： Schematic representation Illustration Diagram (Phase diagram) Graph (Three-dimension graph) Plot Picture Photo Photograph Image Curve (Thermogram curve) Spectra (Absorp

36、tion spectra, Emission spectra),Fig.1 Schematic representation of TS-1 synthesis Fig.3 Picture showing the coordinate bridging effect of Fig.5 Illustration of lamellar liquid crystal of mixture system of Fig.2 Plots of the vs Fig.X X-ray diffraction patterns of ,Fig.5 TEM photos of Fig.2 the cross p

37、olarizing optical photographs of Fig.3 Cyclic voltamme gram of Phase diagram Absorption spectra emission spectra,(3) y與x 的關(guān)系 Fig X Dynamic viscosity () and modulus ( G ) for SBS as a function of time at 166 Fig 3 Relationship between the IR band intensity at 960 cm-1 of TS-1 samples and their crystallization time (Relations between and ; Correlation between and ),Table 3 Effect of treatment conditions on conversion o