1、Unit 2 Colours,Grammar,Object Clauses,賓語從句,How much do you know about the object clause?,什么是賓語從句,賓語從句的連接詞,賓語從句的語序,賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài),賓語從句 三要素,什么是賓語,I like my teacher.（名詞作賓語) I enjoy playing basketball.(動(dòng)名詞作賓語） I decide to study hard.（不定式作賓語） I know him .（代詞作賓語）,賓語是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象，是動(dòng)作的承受者。 賓語由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、 短語來擔(dān)任。

2、,我們 知道 姚明 We know Yao Ming,我們 知道 他打籃球很好。 We know,賓語從句就是由一個(gè)句子來構(gòu)成主句的賓語，并有一個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)。,一 什么 是賓語從句？,試比較,賓o,賓o,主s,謂v,he can play basketball well.,that,連接詞,我們 知道 他打籃球很好。,謂v,主s,Do you know the first Chinese astronaut(宇航員)? Do you know who is the first Chinese astronaut? Please tell me where she has gone. Pleas

3、e tell me the answers.,Find out the Object Clauses,yes,no,yes,no,常見的賓語從句有哪些？,1. 賓語從句常被放在一些動(dòng)詞的后面，由that來引導(dǎo)。,I know that I think that I believe that I hope that I mean that,Most people believe that light colours are better than darks ones.,She hopes that yellow can bring her success.,e.g. Im afraid tha

4、t he cant come 恐怕他不能來了。,She is sure that yellow can bring her good luck.,I am certain that she will accept my advice.,這類形容詞多表示感情，如 happy, glad, pleased, sad, sure, afraid , certain等等。,2. 賓語從句常被放在由“連系動(dòng)詞形容詞”構(gòu)成的“系表”結(jié)構(gòu)后，由that引導(dǎo)。,疑問2：that是不是必須存在？,“I am feeling blue” means (that) “I am feeling sad”.,在非正式英

5、語和口語中，that可以省略。,疑問1：that在賓語從句中作何理解？,只起連接主、從句的作用，它本身無意義。,Sandy is chatting online with Millie about room colours. Try to add that to each object clause.,Talking about room colours,Millie: Did you know there is a relationship between colours and moods? Sandy: Certainly. I think colours influence our e

6、veryday lives in many ways.,that,that,n. 關(guān)系,adv. 必定地,adj. 每天的； 日常的,Millie: How should we choose the colours for the rooms of a house? Sandy: Most people think light colours are better than dark ones. Millie: Yes. I notice light colours make rooms seem larger.,that,that,Sandy: Sure. I also know bule

7、can make us feel relaxed. Millie: Yes. My mum says blue is suitable for bedrooms. I also find some people prefer orange for their dining rooms.,that,that,that,Sandy: True, but it depends on personal taste. Anyway, we should choose the colour which makes us feel comfortable.,adj. 個(gè)人的；私人的,疑問3：是不是賓語從句只

8、能用that引導(dǎo)？,if / whether,是否,什么時(shí)候用that或if/whether？,一般疑問句做賓語用if/whether引導(dǎo),我問他是否想去游泳,1, 改為陳述句語氣， 2，用if/whether連接,I ask,Does he want to go swimming?,he wants to go swimming,If/whether,I ask,結(jié)論：,if和whether 后連接的句子通常由一般疑問句變化而來，帶有疑問的含義，即對(duì)某事不確定。 所以前面的謂語動(dòng)詞多為ask, see, wonder, find out, dont know, cant decide,You

9、 may wonder Can colours influence our moods? 請(qǐng)選擇合適的引導(dǎo)詞將兩句合二為一。,You may wonder,if/whether,influence our moods.,can colours,colours can,注意：無論是that還是if/whether引導(dǎo)，賓語從句都要使用陳述句語序。 即：連接詞（引導(dǎo)詞）+ 主語 + 謂語動(dòng)詞,Will Sandy come to my birthday party? I dont know _.,3. Is this desk made of wood? Amy is asking _.,4. D

10、o black clothes suit me? Sandy is not sure _ _.,2.Will Sandy come to my birthday party? Lucy doesnt know _ _ .,5. Does the black dress suit me? Sandy is not sure _ _.,Sandy will come to my party.,whether/if,whether/if,Sandy will come to,her birthday party.,whether/if,this desk is made of wood,whethe

11、r/if,black clothes suit her,whether/if,the black dress suits her,注意：人稱要保持一致。,注意：do, does, did開頭的一般疑問句不用挪回原句，但是后面動(dòng)詞要做相應(yīng)變化。,Finish the exercises on P27.,The Class 1, Grade 9 students are shopping. Complete the sentences by using if or whether to make object clauses.,Problems about shopping,1. Kitty ca

12、nnot decide _ _,she should choose the red dress.,Should I choose the red dress?,if/whether,2. Sandy doesnt know _ _,white clothes suit her.,Do white clothes suit me?,vt. 適合,if/whether,3. Amy is asking _ _,the sports bag is made of cotton.,Is the sports bag made of cotton?,if/whether,4. Simon is not

13、sure _ _,the green T-shirt matches his trousers.,Does the green T-shirt match my trousers?,if/whether,5. Daniel often wonders _ _ _,he should stay at home instead of going shopping with his classmates.,Should I stay at home instead of going shopping with my classmates?,if/whether,Daniel wants to tel

14、l his online friend Tommy about colours. Help him complete his email using that, if or whether.,How much do you know about colours?,Dear Tommy, Have you ever noticed the colours around you? Colours are really interesting. A report says (1)_ blue can help us feel relaxed because it represents peace.

15、You may wonder (2)_ it represents anything else. Yes. Blue also means sadness. I do not know (3)_ you like green.,that,if/whether,if/whether,Some people think (4)_ green can give us energy, but it also represents envy. Did you know(5)_ red represents good luck in China?It is often used for celebrati

16、ons! Please tell me your favourite colour and (6)_ you know anything else about colours. Write back soon. Best wishes, Daniel,that,that,if/whether,n. 慶祝,1. Dad knows a lot about colours. 2. Is red just the colour of heat and power? 3. Was yellow once the colour of the rulers in ancient China? 4. Did

17、 the rulers in ancient Europe like to wear purple? 5. Do all the doctors in the world wear white uniforms?,adj. 古代的,I believe (1) _. I wonder (2) _ _. I want to know (3) _ _. I do not know (4) _ _. I am not certain (5) _ _.,if/whether red is just the colour of heat and power,that Dad knows a lot abo

18、ut colours,if/whether yellow was once the colour of the rulers in ancient China,if/whether the rulers in ancient Europe liked to wear purple,if/whether all the doctors in the world wear white uniforms,拓展提升,If 與whether 的區(qū)別,I dont know _ he will come or not. I dont care of _ he is handsome. He wondere

19、d _ to stay here the next week. _ he will come is not decided.,與or not 連用只能用whether,介詞后只能用whether,與to do 不定式連用只能用whether,作主語只能用whether,whether,whether,whether,Whether,if/whether可互換,但是有時(shí)只能用whether,不能用if,特殊疑問句做賓語,Which coat did you like best?,I wonder which coat you like best.,用疑問引導(dǎo)，改為陳述語氣。,我想知道你最喜歡哪一

20、條領(lǐng)帶？,Which tie do you like best？,特殊疑問句變成 陳述語序 連接詞就是疑問詞本身,I wonder,I wonder,ATTENTION,which tie you like best?,當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)不作限制，我們可以根據(jù)句子的意思來使用需要的任何一種時(shí)態(tài)。,賓語從句中時(shí)態(tài)的變化,I hear (that),Jim went to work an hour ago. he is interested in English. she will come tomorrow . Tom has been to London twice .,當(dāng)主句

21、是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)候，賓語從句必須運(yùn)用相應(yīng)的過去的某一種時(shí)態(tài)，從而達(dá)到主句和從句的相互一致。,He will go to Hong Kong . He is sick. He is reading a book . He has finished his work.,Simon said,He had finished his work.,He would go to Hong Kong .,He was sick.,He was reading a book .,當(dāng)賓語從句說明的是客觀存在的事實(shí)或者是客觀存在的真理時(shí)，就不用受到主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制，仍是用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。,the sun is muc

22、h bigger than the moon .,Summer is after Spring .,the earth moves around the sun.,He told me (that),We kmew (that),The teacher told us (that),Finish off the exercises in workbook.,Homework,二、賓語從句三要素,連 接 詞,時(shí) 態(tài),語 序,Do you think blue can bring peace to our mind and body? I think that blue can bring pea

23、ce to our mind and body.,Warming up,Colours can influence our moods. Colours can make us feel happy or sad, energetic or sleepy. Many women like to wear white on their wedding day.,Presentation,Do you agree or disagree? I know that I dont that ,Some people believe that colours can influence our mood

24、s. She hopes that yellow can bring her success.,An object clause functions as the object of a sentence. It can be put after verbs such as know, think, believe, hope and mean.,Object clauses introduced by that,He is glad that the walls in his room are blue. She is sure that yellow can bring her good

25、luck.,An object clause can also follow adjectives such as certain, sure and glad.,I think (that) blue is better than pink. “I am feeling blue” means (that) “I am feeling sad”. Did you think (that) your favourite colour matches your characteristics?,In informal English we often drop that.,賓語從句是指一個(gè)句子充

26、當(dāng)賓語，在主句與從句之間有一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞。 今天，我們就談?wù)勥B接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。請(qǐng)同學(xué)們關(guān)注以下幾點(diǎn)：,that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,連詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，只起連接主、從句的作用，它本身無意義，在口語或非正式文體中常省略。 e.g. He says (that) he is a Young Pioneer. 他說他是個(gè)少先隊(duì)員。,一、引導(dǎo)詞本身的省略與不省略 1. 可以省略,2. 不可以省略 從句的主語是that時(shí)，that不省略。 e.g. We know that that is an interesting story 我們知道那是一個(gè)有趣的故事。,二、何時(shí)使用that引導(dǎo)的賓語從

27、句 that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，表示陳述一件事，即由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化而來。,e.g. He says (that) he is listening to the weather report 他說他正在聽天氣預(yù)報(bào)。 1. 主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是 think, hear, hope, wish, remember, forget, know, say, guess等時(shí)，常接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 e.g. I hope (that) he will be fine soon 我希望他很快好起來。,三、that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相關(guān)的內(nèi)容 1. 語序 不論什么情況下，賓語從句都要用陳述語序，即“主語謂語其它”。 e

28、.g. Do you think (that) the radio is too noisy? 你認(rèn)為收音機(jī)太吵嗎？,2. 時(shí)態(tài) that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可以用符合句意要求的任一時(shí)態(tài)。 e.g. He says (that) they have returned already. 他說他們已經(jīng)回來了。,如果主句用一般過去時(shí)，從句要用過去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式（一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)）。 e.g. He said (that) he bought a new dictionary. 他說他買了本新詞典。,注如果從句表達(dá)的是客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然現(xiàn)象、名言、警句

29、、格言、諺語等等，盡管主句用一般過去時(shí)，從句也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 e.g. Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 我們老師告訴我們，光比聲音傳播 得快。,You may wonder if/ whether colours influence our moods. Sandy asks if/ whether orange can cheer her up.,Object clauses introduced by if or whether,We use if or whether to introduce an o

30、bject clause that expresses a yes/no question. Such an object clause often follows verbs such as ask, see, wonder and find out. The word order in the clause should be the same as that in a statement.,whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，表示“是否”，在口語或間接引語中兩者可以互換使用。其語序必須是陳述語序，即“連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分”。 e.g. Ask him whether / if

31、 he can come. 問下他是否能來。,if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,但在有些情況下，whether和if的用法 有一定區(qū)別。 whether引導(dǎo)的從句常可以與連詞or 或or not直接連用，而if一般不能。 如： 正：Let me know whether you can come or not. 誤：Let me know if you can come or not.,2. 當(dāng)賓語從句提到句首時(shí)，只能用 whether引導(dǎo)，而不能用if。如： 正：Whether it is true or not, I cant tell. 誤：If it is true or not,

32、I cant tell. 3. whether可以引導(dǎo)帶to的不定式，if則 不能。如： 正：I dont know whether to accept or refuse. 誤：I dont know if to accept or refuse.,4. whether及其引導(dǎo)的成分可放于介詞之 后，作介詞的賓語，但if不能。如： 正：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 誤：I worry about if I hurt her feelings. 5. whether可以引導(dǎo)從句，作主語、表語 或同位語，而if不能。如： 正：It was

33、uncertain whether he would come. 誤：It was uncertain if he would come.,Daniel has some questions about colours to ask his dad, but his dad has not come home yet. Help him write a note for his dad.,2. An object clause can also follow adjectives such as certain, sure and glad. In informal English we often drop that.,An object clause functions as the object a sentence. It can be put after verbs such as know, think, believe, hope and mean.,Summary,3. We use if or whether to introduce an object clause when it expresses a yes/no question. Such an object clause often foll