1、Human computer interaction,User interface is the system to the user Three principles of user-centered design Three metaphors of human-computer interaction How visibility and affordance affect usability Eight golden rules of dialog design Define the overall system structure as a menu hierarchy Write

2、user-computer interaction scenarios as dialogs Create storyboards to show the sequence of forms used in a dialog Use UML diagrams to document dialog designs Design windows forms that are used to implement a dialog List the additional design considerations for direct customer interaction at a web sit

3、e,User interface is the system to the userto design user interface is to design the system,The user interface,Physical aspects of the user interface Devices Reference manuals Printed documents Data entry forms Perceptual (adj.知覺的) aspects of the user interface Including everything the user sees, hea

4、rs, or touches E.g. instructions that tell the user what to do or how to do, sounds that ensure the user a success or alert the user a failure, etc. Conceptual aspects of the user interface Including everything the user knows about using the system What the system does, how it can be used to complet

5、e tasks User-Centered Design Focus early on the users and their work Evaluate design to ensure usability Use iterative development,Human-Computer interaction as a field of study,Human factors engineering (ergonomics n.人類工程學(xué), 生物工程學(xué),工效學(xué)) An famous example: the design of the cockpit of a plane, a switc

6、h of the location of the throttle and the release handle for the ejection seat leads to a dramatic increase in the number of unexplained pilot ejections. HCI important contribution made by Xerox Xerox Palo Alto Research Center established Object-oriented programming language: smalltalk Graphical use

7、r interface personal computer in the late 1970s, great impact on Apple Macintosh,Metaphors for HCI,The Direct manipulation metaphor Assumes the user interacts with objects on the screen instead of typing commands on a command line. Direct manipulation coupled with OO programming eventually evolved i

8、nto the Desktop metaphor. The document metaphor Interaction with computer involves browsing and entering data on electronic documents Various kinds of electronic documents hypertext document, hypermedia Evolved into WWW The dialog metaphor Interaction with computer is just like carrying on a convers

9、ation or dialog. Take e_mail application for an example,Interface design guidelines,Visibility（可見性） A key principle of HCI that states all controls should be visible and provide feedback to indicate the control is responding to the users action Affordance（外觀揭示功能） A key principle of HCI that states t

10、he appearance of any control should suggest its functionality Eight golden rules Strive for consistency (力爭界面的一致性） Enable frequent users to use short cuts Offer informative feedback Design dialogs to yield closure（對話要有開始有結(jié)束） Offer simple error handling Permit easy reversal of actions Support interna

11、l locus of control（讓用戶感覺是他在控制系統(tǒng)） Reduce short-term memory load（減少用戶的短期記憶負擔(dān)72rule）,Documenting dialog design,Events, subsystems, and menu hierarchy For an example references to Page 449 Storyboards(電影、電視節(jié)目或商業(yè)廣告等的情節(jié)串連圖板), or prototypes used to documenting dialog designs(page 451) UML diagrams can be u

12、sed to documenting dialog designs Sequence diagram added with user interface objects(forms) Examples reference to page 452 and 454 Interface classes reference to page 453 Collaboration diagram added with user interface objects Examples reference to page 455,Guidelines for designing windows forms,Sta

13、ndard forms and Browser forms Types of forms Input forms Input/output forms (generally used to update existing data) Output forms Major issues for form design Form layout and formatting Consistency Heading, labels, and logos Distribution and order of data-entry fields and buttons Font sizes, highlighting, and colors Data keying and entry Require as little data entry as possible. Navigation and support controls Help support A primary objective in form design is for it to be intuitive that user will n