1、蔣維（素材）、羅婉琳（ppt)、劉后俊（演示）,Semantic Field,Definition,語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)理論（semantic field theory) The theory of the semantic field was developed in Europe in the 1930s,especially by Jost Trier.Semantic field theory took the view that the vocabulary of a given language is not simply a listing of independent item,but is

2、 organised into areas,or fields,witin which words interrelate and define each other in various ways. 德國(guó)Jost Trier 物理原術(shù)語(yǔ) 20世紀(jì)30年代 語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)又叫詞匯場(chǎng) 集合、聚集、組合 語(yǔ)義的類聚 共同語(yǔ)義特征,for example,animals elephant;horse;crocodile; girffe;lion;tiger,panda; swan;shark.,botanic chrysanthemum(菊花）; paddy（稻子）;wheat;rose; cosmos（波

3、斯菊）; palm trees(棕櫚樹） .,動(dòng)物,植物,impossible,Classification,詞義的聚合關(guān)系： 同義關(guān)系的語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)(synonymy) beautiful-pretty die-pass away small-tiny big-huge 反義關(guān)系的語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)(antonymy) 可分級(jí)語(yǔ)反義詞（gradable antonyms） wide-narrow soft-hard big-small b. 互補(bǔ)反義詞（complementarity）：語(yǔ)義相互排斥，非此即彼 married-single present-absent die-live,Classificat

4、ion,c. 關(guān)系反義詞（關(guān)系反義詞） buy-sell , husband -wife , lend : borrow , rent : let 上下義關(guān)系(hyponymy) 上義詞(superordinate )：詞義被別的意思包含 下義詞(subordinate)：包含別的詞 organism animal fungi botanic fish,bird,insect,mammal mushroom grass,tree,flower,Classification,整體與部分關(guān)系(meronomy) Week Sunday, Monday. 二、詞義的組合關(guān)系 語(yǔ)流中各個(gè)語(yǔ)義成分通過(guò)前

5、后連接而形成的關(guān)系 “搭配”“You shall know a word by the company it keeps.” bite teeth blond hair Problemsolve bark dog scissors cut,Features, 聯(lián)系性(Relativty) apple;banana;peach(fruits) I like orange red;black;green(colors) Because each field is examined separately, polysemy is not an issue (as it is in semantic

6、feature analysis). Bachelor 1 : an unmarried man Bachelor 2:a graduate with a B.A. degree Bachelor 3 :a person who serves a knight Bachelor 4 :a sea animal Bachelor would be considered four different words and each defined within its own domain.,Features,母場(chǎng),子場(chǎng), 層次性(Hierarchy) 動(dòng)物 鳥類、魚類、昆蟲類、兩棲類、哺乳類 豬、牛、馬.,week Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday.,Features, 民族性(nationalit