1、By the time,by the time意為“到時(shí)候（為止）”，是一個介詞短語，在句中經(jīng)常起連詞作用，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。它的主要用法如下： 1. 如果從句中的謂語動詞是一般過去時(shí)，那么主句中的謂語動詞通常用過去完成時(shí)，表示“截止到從句動作發(fā)生時(shí)，主句動作已經(jīng)完成，即過去的過去”。例如： By the time he was fourteen years old，Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself. 到14歲的時(shí)候，愛因斯坦就已經(jīng)自學(xué)完了高等數(shù)學(xué)。 By the time he returned home，the

2、 rain had stopped. 等他回到家時(shí)，雨已經(jīng)停了。 By the time I got to the station，the train had already gone。By the time l got home，they had already left。 By the time I received his letter, he had left Shanghai. By the time he was 12, he had traveled to more than 30 countries to get his diseases cured.,2. 如果從句中的謂語動

3、詞為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（表示將來），那么主句中的謂語動詞常為將來完成時(shí)，表示“截止到將來某一時(shí)間為止，主句動作將已經(jīng)完成”。 By the time John finishes his homework， his classmates shall have left to play football. 到約翰做完作業(yè)時(shí)，她的同學(xué)將已離開去倫踢足球了。 By the time you get back，I shall have finished the work. 到你回來時(shí)，我將已經(jīng)把活做完了。 By the time I get home，they will have left。 By

4、 the time I graduate next year, I will have lived here for 5 years. 到明年畢業(yè)時(shí)，我就在這里呆了五年了。 By the time the Olympic Games start, we will have finished/ finish the construction.我收到他信時(shí)，他已經(jīng)離開上海了.,3. 如果主句動作不強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)完成，只是說明某個時(shí)候的狀況，（主句是be的系表形式或者是表示像know, find, believe等表示認(rèn)知的持續(xù)性動詞，則往往用一般時(shí)態(tài)，不用完成時(shí)態(tài)。）此時(shí)主句不用完成時(shí)，而應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際需要

5、選用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)，此時(shí)by the time相當(dāng)于when。 例如： He was out of breath by the time he reached the top. 登上頂端時(shí)，他氣喘吁吁。 By the time the bus came，so many people were waiting that it was a free fight to get on it. 公共汽車來的時(shí)候，等車的人很多，成了一場擠車的混戰(zhàn)。 By the time he went abroad, he was fourteen.出國那年他14歲。 By the time he realizes he

6、has walked into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it By the time the war was over , death and suffering were to be seen everywhere. 在戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束的時(shí)候，到處可見死亡和饑餓。 這里沒有“死亡和饑餓”已經(jīng)完成的意思，只是描述當(dāng)時(shí)這個時(shí)間點(diǎn)的狀況。所以用過去時(shí)。,By the time we arrived the meeting was over. 我們到達(dá)時(shí)，會議已結(jié)束了。 The injured man was fairly

7、far gone by the time the ambulance arrived. 救護(hù)車到時(shí)那傷者已生命垂危. By the time he is ten, he has outgrown his older brother. 他十歲的時(shí)候就已經(jīng)長得比他哥哥高了。,1. （2005天津卷） By the time Jane gets home， her aunt _for London to attend a meeting. A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left 解析 答案為C。 從gets home可知Jane還未回到家，

8、等到Jane在將來的某個時(shí)間回到家以前，她的aunt將已經(jīng)赴倫敦參加一個會議去了，故用將來完成時(shí)。 By the time you have finished this book, your meal _ cold.(2012四川卷) A. gets B. has got C. will get D. is getting,4. （2009北京卷） When I talked with my grandma on the phone， she sounded weak， but by the time we _ up， her voice had been full of life. A. w

9、ere hanging B. had hung C. hung D. would hang 解析 答案為C。 當(dāng)我與祖母通電話時(shí)，她聽起來很虛弱，但是當(dāng)我們掛斷電話的時(shí)候，她的聲音已經(jīng)充滿活力。 by the time后的主句用了過去完成時(shí)，因此空檔處最好用一般過去時(shí)。,5. （2011遼寧卷） By the time Jack returned home from England， his son _from college. A. graduated B. has graduated C. had been D. had graduated 解析 答案為D。 截止到Jack從英國返家，他的

10、兒子已經(jīng)大學(xué)畢業(yè)了?；丶矣昧艘话氵^去時(shí)，大學(xué)畢業(yè)發(fā)生在過去的過去，故用過去完成時(shí)。,1. By the time you arrive home， I_， so please dont make any noise when you come in. A. shall have been sleeping B. shall have slept C. shall sleep D. shall be sleeping 2. By the time you arrive in London， we _in Europe for two weeks. A. shall stay B. have st

11、ayed C. will have stayed D. have been staying 3. Hurry up！ By the time we get to the church， the marriage service_. A. had started B. will have started C. has started D. must have started,4. Did you see Xiao Li at the party？ No，_by the time I arrived. A. shed left B. shes left C. she was left D. she

12、 must leave 5. By the time I saw the angry expression on his face，I_ what I had to face. A. knew B. have known C. would know D. had known,（2008四川卷） The telephone_， but by the time I got indoors，it stopped. A. had rung B. was ringing C. rings D. has rung 解析 答案為B。 進(jìn)門之前電話鈴一直在響，但當(dāng)我進(jìn)門的時(shí)候，它停止了。 but前面分句的動作是先發(fā)生的，而且延續(xù)的時(shí)間較長，故用was ringing。 （2008山東卷） By the time he realize