1、passive voice被動語態(tài),什么叫被動語態(tài)？,I,close,the door,主,謂,賓,is,d,by,me,The door,.,.,一、被動語態(tài)含義,被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。 將賓語變主語 主語變賓語 謂語變 be + V. pp,二、被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu),主+ be + V. pp + (by sb.) These flowers are planted (by Jim).,Exercise,1.許多樹被種。 Many trees are planted (by people). 2.那首歌被唱了許多遍了。 The song is sung many times (by pe

2、ople).,八種時態(tài)下的被動語態(tài),三、被動語態(tài)的時態(tài),am/is/are +V. pp,1）一般現(xiàn)在時,e.g. English is spokenby people all over the world .,2)一般過去時 was/were +V. pp e.g.:那個杯子昨天被我打破了。 That cup was broken by me.,3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 am/is /are being +V. pp e.g.: 這里一個新電影院正在被建。 A new cinema is being built here,4)過去進(jìn)行時 was/were being + V. pp e.g.：昨晚八點

3、一個會議正在被召開。 A meeting was being held at 8 oclock last night.,5)現(xiàn)在完成時 has /have been + V. pp e.g.:工作已經(jīng)被他們完成了。 The work has been finished by them.,6)過去完成時 had been + V. pp eg:截止去年底，一個新體育館已經(jīng)在北京被完成了。 By the end of last year, a new gym had been completed in Beijing.,7)一般將來時 will be + V. pp e.g.:如果工廠關(guān)閉，成百上

4、千的工作崗位將會被丟 Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.,8）過去將來時 should/would be + V. pp eg.:她說消息會被送給Tom。 She said that the news would be sent to Tom.,9)情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài) can/may/must be +V. pp e.g.:你的作業(yè)必須被完成。 Your homework must be finished.,四、句子種類,主+系+表 主+動 主+動+賓 主+動+雙賓 主+動+賓+賓補(bǔ),1)主+動+雙賓的被動,I give y

5、ou a book. 主 動 間接賓語 直接賓語 You are given a book (by me). A book is given to you (by me).,2) “主+動+賓+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài)，將賓語 變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動.,They turned the room into a shop.,The room was turned into a shop.,主 動 賓 賓補(bǔ),3）在使役動詞have, make, get以及 感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel 等變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加to.,I saw a stranger wal

6、k into the building,A stranger was seen to walk into the building.,4) 有些動詞詞組用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。,The baby was looked after carefully.,She looked after the baby carefully.,五. 被動語態(tài)的注意事項,1. by 短語的正確使用 1） by短語的位置 by 短語通常緊跟在被動式謂語動詞之后，但少數(shù)單賓語及物動詞，如place,put,set 等，需要一個地點狀語才能使句子意義完整，這時地點狀語緊跟

7、在被動式謂語之后，by短語則謂語地點狀語的后面。 e.g. The model plane was made by Alice. 這個飛機(jī)模型是愛麗絲做的。 My bag was place on the bed by Mum. 我的書包被媽媽放在了床上。,2）by 短語的省略 以下幾種情況常常省略by短語： （1）無法確定動作的執(zhí)行者時 e.g. My watch was stolen when I was on the bus. 我在公共汽車上的時候，手表被偷了。 Our school was set up fifty years ago. 我們的學(xué)校是50年前建成的。,（2）泛指動作的執(zhí)

8、行者時 e.g. he was noticed to leave the office as soon as possible. 有人看見他匆匆離開了辦公室。 Children should be given environment to live in. 應(yīng)當(dāng)給孩子良好的生活環(huán)境。,（3）不愿意說出動作的執(zhí)行者時 e.g. I am told a choir from Austria will visit our school. 我聽說一個來自奧地利的合唱團(tuán)要來我們學(xué)校參觀。 （4）上下文已對執(zhí)行者有暗示時 e.g. Your homework should be handed in ear

9、ly tomorrow. 你的家庭作業(yè)明天一早就應(yīng)該交上。,課堂練習(xí) （一）改寫句子 1. We plant trees in spring every year. _ by us in spring every year. 2. She posted the letter yesterday. _ by her yesterday. 3. Mr Turner gave me a birthday present. _a birthday present by Mr Turner. 4. He is drawing a picture. _ by him. 5. You may hand in

10、 your homework tomorrow. _ by you tomorrow. 6. She is going to write a letter. _ by her.,Trees are planted,The letter was posted,I was given,A picture is being drawn,Your homework may be handed in,A letter is going to be written,7. I have given you the new book. _ to you. 8. Her bag cannot be found

11、by her. _ her bag. 9. Do you often hear her sing Russian songs? _Russian songs by you? 10. She doesnt let her son swim in the river. _ in the river by her. 11. The bridge was being built by them at this time last year. _ the bridge at this time last year. 12. Does she often sing the song? _ by her?,

12、The new book has been given,She cannot find,Is she often heard to sing,Her son isnt let to swim,They were building,Is the song often sung,1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner A are not kept；will have toB are not kept；have C do not keep；will have to D do not k

13、eep；have to 2. The fifth generation computers, _and perfected now. A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed3. - _ the sports meet might be put off - Yes，it all depends on the weather A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told,A,C,A,4. I need one more stamp

14、 before my collection _. A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed 5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 6. The new bridge _ by the end of last month. A. has

15、 been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed7. When part of a pencil is in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken,D,C,B,C,8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. A. have been taken place; have been

16、 set up B. have taken place; have been set upC. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up9. That suit _ over 60 dollars. A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost10. - Look! Everything here is under construction. - Whats the pretty small house that _ for?A. is being built B.

17、has been built C. is built D. is building 11.- Do you like the cloth? - Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt,B,D,A,C,12. It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese A write B to write C to be written D written 13. I have no more letters _ ，thank you A to type B typing C to be

18、 typed D typed14. Take care! Dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily. A. wont wash out B. wont be washed out C. isnt washed out D. isnt washing out15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _. A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out,B,C,A,D,16. The computers on the table _ Professor Smith. A. belongs B. are belonged to C. belongs to D. belong to17. - What do you think of the book?-Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read18. The squirrel was lu