1、形容詞和副詞,Learning goals,1.掌握形容詞副詞的基本用法以及特殊的形式。 2.形容詞副詞高考?？嫉闹R點，以及例題解析。,形容詞用來修飾、說明名詞或不定代詞，表示人或物的性質、特征和狀態(tài)。而副詞是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或整個句子，有時也能修飾名詞，表示時間、地點、方式、程度等。 高考重點要求： 1.形容詞、副詞比較級，最高級常用句型 2.形容詞的倍數(shù)表達法和副詞的位置 3.多個形容詞修飾同一名詞的前后順序 4.分清常用同義、近義形容詞、副詞在表達中的語義差別,一、形容詞,形容詞在句子中的作用,大部分形容詞能作定語、表語或賓語補足語, 如： a beautiful par

2、k 一座美麗的公園 The play Tea-house（茶館）is both moving and interesting. Who left the window open? How long will the weather stay sunny ? The silk clothes feel soft. How interesting the story sounds!,定冠詞the + 形容詞,定冠詞the + 形容詞”表示一類人或物，作“主語或賓語”，意思為“的一種人”，“的一類東西或事情”。 The new will take the place of the old . （新事

3、物將代替舊事物。） The young are fond of sports .(年輕人喜歡體育運動。) The Living and the Dead is a horror film.,有些形容詞只能作表語 如： 敘述形容詞只能作表語，所以又稱為表語形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級的變化，也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如：afraid 害怕的。 （錯） He is an ill man. （對） The man is ill. （錯） She is an afraid girl. （對） The girl is afraid. well，unwell，ill，fain

4、t，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等,詞加-ed 和 ing都可構成形容詞,加-ed的形容詞表示“人感到如何”，加-ing的形容詞則用來描寫事物， 如： We were excited when we heard the exciting news. alarming,amusing,astonishing,charming, daring,demanding,encouraging,confusing, disappointing,discouraging,exciting, interesting,inviting,pleasing,promi

5、sing, shocking,striking,surprising,ly等后綴 形容詞,friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly (有品質的 ) (錯） She sang lovely. （錯） He spoke to me very friendly. （對） Her singing was lovely. （對） He spoke to me in a very friendly 有些以-ly 結尾既為形容詞，也為副詞。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is

6、 a daily paper. The Times is published daily.,形容詞后綴,分兩大類。一類是加到名詞上的 加到名詞上的主要有： -y：bloody, dirty, healthy, windy, muddy； -ful：careful, faithful, helpful, peaceful, useful； -less：careless, harmless, senseless, useless； -ous/-ious：dangerous; courageous, mysterious； -al/-tal/-ial/-tial：natural, additiona

7、l, educational -ic/-etic/-atic：artistic, sympathetic, systematic； -ish：childish, foolish, selfish； -like： life-like, business-like, war-like； -ed/-en：skilled, woolen, golden, wooden。,加到動詞上的有, -ent/-ant，如：dependent, different, observant(善于觀察的), pleasant； -able/-ible，如： agreeable, comfortable, defensi

8、ble, sensible(明智的;合情理的 )； -ive/-tive/-ative/-itive，如：active, attentive（留意的）, imaginative, sensitive (敏感的;易受傷害的 )； -ed/-en，如：advanced, noted, stolen, swollen； -ing，如：annoying, disgusting, entertaining。,形容詞在句子中的位置,1.形容詞一般放在被修飾的名詞之前。兩個或兩個以上形容詞修飾一個名詞時，形容詞排列的次序一般應考慮下面二種情況。 （1）與被修飾名詞關系比較密切的形容詞位置靠近名詞， 如：an

9、 exciting American film （2）音節(jié)少的形容詞位置在前，音節(jié)多的形容詞位置在后。,2.修飾復合不定代詞 something, anything, nothing等， 如：anything important, nothing easy 3.同表示數(shù)量的詞組連用， 如：twenty feet long, five years old 4.限定詞+數(shù)量形容詞+描繪性形容詞+大小、長短、高低等形體形容詞+新舊+顏色+國籍+材料+用途+被修飾的名詞 a fine round maple（楓木）writing table, a famous old English country

10、house,二、副詞,副詞在句子中主要用作狀語，許多副詞皆由形容詞加-ly 構成，如：careful-carefully。 副詞主要被分為以下幾種： 1時間副詞，如：often，early，usually，frequently always constantly now 2地點副詞，如：here，above，outside，below，there 3方式副詞，如：hard，fast，badly，well 4程度副詞如：very，quite，much，still，even，almost 5疑問副詞，如：how，when，why， where,副詞在句子中的位置,時間副詞和地點副詞的位置 表示確定

11、時間的副詞和地點的副詞，一般放在句尾，如句中同時有地點副詞和時間副詞，地點副詞通常在前，時間副詞在后。 修飾形容詞和副詞的程度副詞，除enough后置外，一般放在被修飾詞的前面。副詞在此作狀語。 如： be well enough, go fast enough,修飾動詞的方式副詞有以下幾種： 1.修飾不及物動詞時，該副詞要后置，如：sing well 2.修飾及物動詞時，可放在被修飾詞之前或賓語之后；如賓語較長也可放在動詞和賓語之間。如：study English hard，see clearly the words on the blackboard 3.及物動詞和副詞（如：down，on

12、，off，in，out，up等）組成的動詞詞組，其賓語是名詞，該名詞可放在副詞之前或之后：如是代詞，該代詞一定要放在副詞前。 He cut down the tree. / He cut the tree down. / He cut it down.,形容詞原級、比較級和最高級的用法,1. 兩者比較情況一樣，常用“as+形容詞原級+as”句型。 He is as tall as his monitor. 2. 兩者比較，表示一方在某方面不如另一方，常用“not so /as +形容詞原級+as”句型。 A train doesnt travel so fast as a plane . 3.

13、 三者或三者以上比較，表示某人某物“最”時，用“the+形容詞最高級+比較范圍”句型。 Asia is by far the largest of the seven continents . She writes (the) most carefully of the three .,5. 比較級+and+比較級“越來越” It is getting cooler and cooler in autumn. She is becoming more and more active in taking part in social activities. 6. the +比較級，the +比較

14、級“越越” The harder he studies , the greater progress he will make .,一、形容詞和副詞考點,Tom sounds very much _in the job, but Im not sure whether he can manage it. (2006安徽) A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly What a nice fire you have in your fireplace! During the winter I like my hou

15、se _. (2005上海春)A. warmly and comfortably B. warm and comfortableC. warm and comfortably D. warmly and comfortable,She doesnt speak _her friend, but her written work is excellent. (1993全國) A. as well as B. so often as C. so much as D. as good as _, some famous scientists have the qualities of being b

16、oth careful and careless. (2004上海春)A. Strangely enough B. Enough strangely C. Strange enough D. Enough strange,二、考查形容詞作定語的后置規(guī)律,_to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. (2000全國)A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Students en

17、ough brave All the people _at the party were his supporters. (2002北京) A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important,形容詞作定語一般位于所修飾的名詞前，但下列三種情況形容詞要后置： 形容詞短語作定語時； 表語形容詞作定語時； 修飾復合不定代詞時。,三、考查多個形容詞作定語的排序,John Smith, a successful businessman, has a _car. (2004遼寧)A. large German white B. large white Ger

18、man C. white large German D. German large white _ students are required to take part in the boat race. (2004浙江) A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese,多個形容詞修飾名詞時，其排序規(guī)律是： (限定詞+程度副詞+) 描繪+大小(長短、高低) +形狀+年齡(新舊)+顏色+國籍或產(chǎn)地+物質材料+類別或用途+名

19、詞,9. The husband gave his wife _every month in order to please her. (2004重慶) A. all half his income B. his half all income C. half his all income D. all his half income 10. How was your recent visit to Qingdao? It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the _days at the seaside. (1995全國) A. fe

20、w last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last,注：限定詞的排序：前位限定詞 (指量限定詞all, both, half等；倍數(shù)詞double, twice等；分數(shù)詞one-third, two-fifths等) +中位限定詞 (冠詞，指示代詞，形容詞性物主代詞，名詞所有格)+后位限定詞 (序數(shù)詞及l(fā)ast, next等；基數(shù)詞及few, several等),四、考查副詞在句中的位置規(guī)律,If I had _, Id visit Europe, stopping at the small interestin

21、g places. (1998全國) A. a holiday long enough B. an enough long holiday C. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough 頻度副詞always, usually, often, never等一般放在行為動詞前，或者情態(tài)動詞、助動詞或be動詞之后。表示方式的副詞通常放在“動詞(+賓語)”之后；同時有表示時間、地點和方式的副詞時，其順序一般為：方式地點時間。如：,五、考查ed形容詞和-ing形容詞的區(qū)別,Laws that punish parents for their litt

22、le childrens actions against the laws get parents _. (2004重慶)A. worried B. to worried C. worrying D. worry It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. (2003上海)A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest Mr. Smith,

23、_ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. (2003京春)A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring,六、考查兩種不同形式的副詞的用法差異,It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _to her mother. (2002北京)A. close B. closelyC. closedD. closing,七、考查形容詞和副詞的比較等級,A typhoon swept across

24、 tiffs area with heavy rains and winds _ strong as 113 miles per hour. (2006上海)A. too B. very C. so D. as John is the tallest boy in the class, _ according to himself. (2005安徽) A. five foot eight as tall as B. as tall as five foot eight C. as five foot eight tall as D. as tall five foot eight as,1.

25、as+形容詞/副詞原級+as,2. not as/so+原級+as,He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _a native speaker. (2004上海) A. as fluent as B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently than Do you have a big library? No, we dontat least, not yours. A. bigger as B. as big as C. as big than D. as bigger

26、than,3. as +形容詞+(a/an+)名詞+as,Our neighbour has _ ours. (2003北京)A. as a big house as B. as big a house as C. the same big house as D. a house the same big as It is generally believed that teaching is _ it is a science. (2001全國)A. an art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much as D. as much an art

27、 as,4.比較級+than,Did you take enough money with you? No, I needed _ I thought I would. (2006全國II)A. not so much as B. as much as C. much more than D. much less than Mr. Smith owns _collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met. (2005山東） A. larger B. a larger C. the larger D. a large,5. 隱含式比較級,有

28、時省略或不點明被比較的對象，而是通過語境來暗示被比較的對象 I wish youd do _ talking and some more work. Thus things will become better. (2006江蘇) A. a bit less B. any less C. much more D. a little more I dont think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen_ . (2006江西)A. betterB. worse C. the bestD. the worst Mary kept wei

29、ghing herself to see how much _ she was getting. (2004全國) A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest,6. 否定式謂語+比較級：有最高級含義,Your story is perfect; Ive never heard _ before. (2006全國II) A. the better one B. the best one C. a better one D. a good one Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I h

30、ave not seen _ this year. (2005浙江)A. the best B. better C. the most D. more,7. least +原級 (最不),The salesman showed her several bags and she chose _one as she didnt want to spend too much time on it. (1991上海) A. the less expensive B. less expensive C. the least expensive D. least expensive David has w

31、on the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels_ desire to go to bed. (2005江蘇)A. the most B. moreC. worseD. the least,8. the+比較級, the+比較級,In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go, _. (2001上海) A. our holiday will be better B.

32、our holiday will be the better C. the better our holiday will be D. the better will our holiday be,9.其它含比較級的短語和句式,比較級+and+比較級； no more than和一樣不 僅僅，； morethan與其說倒不如； less than少于； more than多于，不只是，非常； more or less幾乎，差不多，大約，或多或少； sooner or later(遲早，早晚，總有一天)；whats more(而且，此外)； no soonerthan(一就)。如：,I used

33、 to earn _than a pound a week when I first started work. (06陜西6) A. a little B. a few C. fewer D. less Maggie has been fortunate to find a job she loves and, _, she gets well paid for it. (2005浙江)A. sooner or later B. whats more C. as a result D. more or less,After supper she would sit down by the f

34、ire, sometimes for _ an hour, thinking of her young and happy days. (2003上海) A. as long as B. as soon as C. as much as D. as many as _ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. (2004安徽春) A. As long as B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if,Youre standing too near the camera

35、. Can you move _ ? (2000上海) A. a bit far B. a little farther C. a bit of farther D. a little far Are you feeling _? Yes, Im fine now. (1992全國) A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better,八、考查比較等級的修飾語,1. 比較級前可用a bit, a little, rather, some(肯定句及請求或建議的問句中), any(否定句或疑問句中)表示“稍稍，一點”； 用much, fa

36、r, a great/good deal, a lot, lots, a good bit等表示“得多”。,What a table! Ive never seen such a thing before. It is_ it is long. (2005湖北)A. half not as wide as B. wide not as half as C. not half as wide as D .as wide as not half It is re ported that the United States uses _ energy as the whole of Europe.

37、(2004廣西)A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much 2. half，倍數(shù)，以及分數(shù)或有關長度、時間、重量等表示確定程度的修飾語，通常放在比較級前，或asas結構的第一個as前。,九、考查形容詞such和副詞so的用法,We were in _ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.(2003上海)A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rush C. so an anxious rush D. such an anx

38、ious rush It is _ work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it. (1998上海) A. so unusual B. such unusual C. such an unusual D. so an unusual,十、考查在語境中選擇恰當?shù)男稳菰~或副詞,The number of people present at the concert was _than expected. There were many ticket left. (2004福建)A. much smaller B. much more C.

39、much larger D. many more Mr. Smith used to smoke but he has given it up. (2004天津) A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. hardly,固定詞組或句型中的副詞,Must I turn off the gas after cooking? Of course . You can never be _ careful with that. (2005江西)A. enough B. too C. so D. very Are you going to have a holiday thi

40、s year?Id love to. I cant wait to leave this place _. (2006江蘇) A. off B. outC. behind D. over,can never too careful或can never careful enough，,體現(xiàn)兩句間邏輯關系的連接性副詞,Progress so far has been very good. _, we are sure that the project will be completed on time. (2006浙江) A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D

41、. Besides Im certain Davels told you his business troubles. _, its no secret that he owes a lot of money to the bank. (2006湖北) A. However B. Anyway C. Therefore D. Though The hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings; _, it caused 20 deaths. (2006江西) A. or else B. therefore C. after all D

42、. besides,however,You should try to get a good nights sleep _ much work you have to do. A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever He tried his best to solve the problem, _ difficult it was. A. however B. no matter C. whatever D. although,1. 用作副詞,(1) 表示讓步：意為“無論如何”“不管怎樣”，用來修飾形容詞或副詞，其詞序為：however+

43、形容詞或副詞+主語+謂語。這樣用的however其實具有連詞的功能，用以引導讓步狀語從句 Phone me when you arrive, however late it is. 你到達之后就給我打電話，不論多么晚也要打。 However much he eats, he never gets fat. 不管他吃多少，他永遠吃不胖。 However cold it is, he always goes swimming. 不管天有多冷，他都去游泳。 You wont move the stone, however strong you are. 不管你力氣有多大，也休想搬動那塊石頭 Howe

44、ver far it is, l intend to drive there tonight. 不管有多遠，我今晚也要開車到那兒去。,這樣用的 however 與 no matter how 大致同義。如： People always want more, however no matter how rich they are. 人總是富了還想再富。 However No matter how hard I worked, she was never satisfied. 無論我多么努力地工作，她從來沒滿意過。 有時從句謂語可用情態(tài)動詞。如： Dont laugh, however funny

45、 it may be. 無論多么有趣也不要笑。 Ill try to finish it in time, however hard it may be. 無論多么難，我也要按時完成。,“however形容詞或副詞主語謂語”有時可以有所省略。如： I refuse, however favorable the conditions. 不管條件如何有利，我都不干。 (conditions后省去了are) Id rather have a room of my own, however small (it is), than share a room. 無論房間多么小，我寧愿一個人住一間，而不愿意

46、與別人合住一個房間。,(2) 表示轉折：尤其用于談及一個既成事實時，表示轉折，其意為“可是”“仍然”等?？煞旁诰涫住⒕渲谢蚓淠?，通常用逗號與句子其他成分隔開。 My father, however, did not agree. 但是，我父親不同意。 My room is small; however, its comfortable. 我的房間很小，但卻很舒服。 He said that it was so; he was mistaken, however. 他說情況如此，可是他錯了,我們都已盡了最大的努力，不過我們還是輸了。 We all tried our best, however

47、we lost the game. We all tried our best, but we lost the game. We all tried our best; however, we lost the game. We all tried our best. However, we lost the game. 注：however不能像 but(但是)那樣直接連接兩個句子(注意正句中的標點符號),(3) 表示驚奇或強調：相當于how ever的用法，其意為“究竟怎樣，到底以什么方式”。如： However did you get here without a car? 沒有汽車你究

48、竟是怎樣來的呢? However does he manage to write music when he is so deaf? 他聾成這個樣子，究竟是怎樣從事作曲的呢?,2. 用作連詞,用作連詞，引導方式狀語從句，表示“無論以何種方式”“不管怎樣”。如： However it may be, I shall take your word. 無論如何，我將會相信你的話。 However I approached the problem, I couldnt find a solution. 這一問題我不管怎樣都無法解決。 However you travel, itll take you

49、at least two days. 無論你怎么個走法，至少要兩天時間。 The painting looks wrong however you look at it. 這張畫不論怎么看都顯得不對勁。,I think, therefore I am,1.Your information is inaccurate and your conclusion is therefore wrong.你的信息不準確，所以你的結論是錯誤的。 2. We have a growing population and therefore we need more food.我們的人口在增長，因此我們需要更多的

50、食物。 3. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have more cunning, to seem to know that he doth not. 因此，一個人如果不寫，他就需要記住很多東西；如果不和人交談，他就需要天箋機智；如果不讀書，他就需要更狡猾，能夠假裝知道他所不知道的東西。,though,1. no

51、t used at the beginning of a clause in spite of the fact, nevertheless Its hard work, I enjoy it though. Hes a bad President. There is no reason, though , to shoot him. 2. conj, in spite of the fact, even if Though/ Even though its hard work, I enjoy it. Poor though I am, I can afford beer. As thoug

52、h/ if, He behaves as though he were better than us.,otherwise,1.differntly, in an the other way 不同地， 用別的方法 I hate him , and I wont pretend otherwise. He is guilty until proved otherwise. 2. apart from that, in other ways其他方面 Father still has a bit of his cold, but otherwise all are well. 3. if , in different conditions（否則，