1、英語(yǔ)中的五種基本句型,英語(yǔ)句子有長(zhǎng)在短，有簡(jiǎn)有繁，從現(xiàn)象看，似乎千變?nèi)f化，難以捉摸，但從實(shí)質(zhì)看，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，找出其共同規(guī)律。英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。 英語(yǔ)五種基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： + （主謂） 基本句型二： + + （主系表） 基本句型三： + + （主謂賓） 基本句型四： + +IO +（主謂間賓直賓） 基本句型五： + + +（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)）,基本句型 一 +（主謂） 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。 這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短

2、語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等。,基本句型二 + +（主系表） 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語(yǔ)身份或狀態(tài)的表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。系動(dòng)詞分三類：狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞be(is /am /are/was/were), seem,appear,remain,stay,keep,prove（如：The rumor proved（=turned out) true. 這謠傳結(jié)果是真的。） 五大感官系動(dòng)look,feel,smell,taste, sound；動(dòng)態(tài)系動(dòng)詞get, grow, become,turn,go, grow, f

3、all（進(jìn)入某種狀態(tài)如：ill,asleep)表示變化。be 本身沒(méi)有什么意義,只起連系主語(yǔ)和表的作用，其它系動(dòng)詞仍保持其部分詞義。,基本句型 三 + +（主謂賓） 此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語(yǔ)產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。,基本句型 四 + +IO +（主謂間賓直賓） 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者。 通常這一間接承受者用一個(gè)介詞來(lái)連接，當(dāng)動(dòng)作的間接承受者在動(dòng)作的直接承受者之前時(shí)，這一介詞往往被

4、省略。,基本句型 五 + + +（主謂賓賓補(bǔ)） 此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)，才能使意思完整。,典型例題分析,1.They work hard. 主 + 謂 2.The flower is dead. 主 + 系 + 表 3.Plants need water. 主 + 謂 + 賓 4.He gives me some seeds. 主 + 謂 + 直賓 + 間賓 5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補(bǔ) 6.Many animals l

5、ive in trees. 主 + 謂,除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語(yǔ)而加以擴(kuò)大。這些修飾語(yǔ)可以是單詞（主要是形容詞、副詞和數(shù)詞），也可以是各種類型的短語(yǔ)（主要是介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)和分詞短語(yǔ)）。下面以基本句型五（v+o+o.c）為例： We found the hall full. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)禮堂坐滿了。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers l

6、istening to an important report. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽(tīng)一個(gè)重要報(bào)告。 We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大禮堂坐滿了學(xué)生和教師，在聽(tīng)人民日?qǐng)?bào)的一位同志作有關(guān)東歐局勢(shì)的重要報(bào)告。,不同的動(dòng)詞使用的句型也不盡一樣，因此在學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，應(yīng)掌握動(dòng)詞的類型。以 g

7、et 為例： Hes getting angry. He got through the window. Youll get a surprise. He got his shoes and socks wet. He got himself into trouble. He got her a splendid present. 在句子中詞類和詞的位置也影響句子的句型和意思: I found the book easily. 我很容易地找到了這本書(shū)。 I found the book easy. 我覺(jué)得這本書(shū)很容易。 I have to do something. 我得做點(diǎn)事。 I have

8、 something to do. 我有點(diǎn)事做。,S V P,S V O,S V O,S V O C,S V O C,S V IO DO,S V O,S V O C,S V O,S V O C,1.We heard Mary singing an English 2.Lily sang a song beautifully which she learned from her English teacher when we passed her home on our way home.,主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),補(bǔ)語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,定語(yǔ)從句,主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),Even though there

9、 may be a tendency in some rare families to live extraordinarily long, the genetic influence that emerged from the studies of twins was significantly less than much of the public and many scientists think it is.,Josephine Tesauro, left, active and healthy at 92, is part of a study trying to determin

10、e why some people age better than others, even when they are closely related.,S+V+P,英語(yǔ)句式考查,1.Whomwouldyourather_thecar? Myfather. A. havefix B. havetofix C. hadfix D. havetobefixed 2.Wasit8oclock _youheardsomeone_ atthedoor? A.when;knockingB.when;knock C.that;knockingD.that;knock 3.Wasitintheroom_Mr

11、.Johnlived_the exhibitionwasheld? A.that;that B.where;where C.that;where D.where;that 4.Is_youwanttosay? Yes,_thatsallIknow. A.allwhat;yetB.whichall;unless C.thatall;D.allthat;so,5.Wasitnotuntil1920_regularradio broadcastsbegan? A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since 6._thehouseMrZhanghasbeenbrokeninto? A.When

12、wasitthatB.Whenhas C.HasD.Had 7.Did_shewaschosenmakeherveryhappy? A.whatB.thatC.whichD.it 8.WasitattheairbattleonJune8,1994,_ wasledbycaptainJohnson,_Peter losthislife? A.when;thatB.that;who C.which;thatD.which;when,9.-Would you tell me _you want your tea, with sugar or milk? -Sugar, please. A.wheth

13、er B.when C.what D.how 10.At last the soldiers reached _the locals called the Golden Triangle. A.what B.which C.as D.one 11. “Well make public schools _can be.”said the president in the speech. A.what they B.what it C.that they D.all it 12.The art center is _used to be a factory, _ millions of tractors were made. A.what, where B.where, where C.what, which D.where, which,13.The thought of going home to his family was all _kept him happy while he was working abroad . A.that B.what C.those D.which 14. I am ashamed, sir, that I wasted the m