1、1,Bill pays no attention to the fact of/ the fact that What will the policy of the government is following lead to? What will the governments policy is following lead to? The book was brought at the John Wileys bookshop. We must read a T. Johnss article for our next seminar. This Joe Hills book is v

2、ery amusing. The Janes letter got lost in the post. That Franks dog has torn my trousers. A Jane Austins novel A ships carpenter,2,1. Many people criticized Dicks decision to emigrate to Australia. 2. The Physics Departments expansion/ The expansion of the Physics Department 3. Last night I read a n

3、ovel of Jane Austins. 4. That long report of Mr. Allens has been 5. Those new shoes of yours 6. I have read the article of the student who 7. I am interested in tragedies of Shakespeares. 8. Jim is a ships carpenter. 9. The punishment of the offenders has become necessary. 10. They are reviewing the

4、 past decades events/ the events of the past decade.,3,11. The government demanded the enemys unconditional surrender/ the unconditional surrender of the enemy. 12. Bill paid no attention to other peoples criticism of him. 13. The government has paid great attention to the younger generations educat

5、ion/ the education of the younger generation. 14. The book was bought at John Wileys, the booksellers. 15. We must read an article of T. Johnss for our next seminar. 16. What will this policy of the governments lead to? 17. This is an idiots tale. 18. That dog of Franks 19. This book of Joe Hills 20

6、. Janes letter,4,AABDB CCCDB ACABC DBDCD,5,Determiner,Determiners vs. Pre-modifiers Articles Collocations between determiners,6,Whats the pattern of a noun phrase?,(determiner +) (premodifier +) noun (+ post-modifier) all the college students his new book on phonology the authors new novel three chi

7、ldrens book,7,determiner vs. pre-modifier,these enlightening many good the useful my old books some English Johns new three childrens,8,A. Premodifiers (adjectives): showing the head nouns characteristics and qualities. Determiners: showing the head nouns quantity and referential meanings.,9,determi

8、ner vs. premodifier,B. nice my new dress my nice new dress nice new my dress Determiners should be placed before any premodifiying adjectives. C. a/ the/ these good man a / the / these good men Few/ many/ little /much good people Determiners sometimes determines the number forms of the head noun.,10

9、,D. premodifiers adjectives content words,determiners function words,11,Definition,Determiners: words that precede any premodifying adjectives in a noun phrase and which denote such referential meanings as specific reference, generic reference, definite quantity or indefinite quantity.,12,Quiz,Exerc

10、ise 5C, Exercise 6A,13,Articles,a/ an, the, zero a poetry/ poem/ poems the poetry/ poem/ poems is appreciated. Honesty/ The honesty Its raining . cat and dog/ cats and dogs,14,Collocations between articles and nouns,a/ an + singular countable noun the + uncountable/ singular/ plural 0 + uncountable/

11、 plural,15,Articles: generic vs. specific,generic reference A tiger is dangerous. Tiger is dangerous. The tiger is dangerous. Tigers are dangerous. The tigers are dangerous. Generic reference is reference to a whole class of something.,16,Galileo claimed that he had invented the telescope. An ox is

12、a useful animal. Carrots are my favorite vegetables. Knowledge is power. The rich become richer, and the poor poorer.,17,A/an + singular The + singular (formal) 0 + plural 0 + uncountable The + Adj.,18,Specific reference,individual or specified members of a class a/ an, the, zero We own a dog and a

13、cat. The dog is brown, and the cat is white. definite and indefinite,19,I have a book. The reference is limited to an specified object of a certain class, but not identified. indefinite specific reference (I.S.R) I have a book. The book is English grammar coursebook. The reference is identified and

14、known to the speaker and hearer. definite specific reference (D.S.R.) Q: Can the be used for D.S.R?,20,Compare:,A house on the corner is for sale. The house on the corner is for sale. Bob lost a golden watch yesterday, and Bill was wearing a golden watch this morning. Bob lost a golden watch yesterd

15、ay, and Bill was wearing the golden watch this morning.,21,I.S.R or D.S.R?,A tiger escaped from the zoo. The tiger escaped from the zoo. Tigers escaped from the zoo. The tigers escaped from the zoo.,D.S.R.,I. S. R.,I. S. R.,D.S.R.,22,I.S.R or D.S.R?,The life of the old man was forfeited. A life is n

16、ot proper payment for that. The lives lost in the war were wasted. Some lives were saved. Lives are always lost in war.,23,_people who drink and drive should go to prison. _ people who made this mess should be ashamed of themselves.,24,Three types of D.S.R,anaphoric specific reference cataphoric spe

17、cific reference situational specific reference,25,There are some tall trees before the house. left by my grand-grand father. The reference is mentioned in the previous context. anaphoric specific reference,26,Is she woman we talked about just now? The reference is explained in the following context.

18、 cataphoric specific reference,27,A: Could you do me a favor? B: Of course. What is it? A: Please open window. the common knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer. situational specific reference,28,More on “the”,Yangzi River is longest river in China. I am going to Heathrow Airport. most peopl

19、e have at least one television in United States of America. see more on p.76-78,29,More on “the”,go to hospital vs. go to the hospital out of question vs. out of the question in front of vs. in the front of see more on p.81-82,30,More on articles,teacher as Oscar is, he is not a grammarian. fool as

20、John is, he could not have done such a thing. The old man was sitting in a chair, pipe in mouth. He sat at the table, coat off, head down, and pen in hand.,31,Collocations between determiners,the, students, all the students, all, three the students, all, other, three my that book No such a recommend

21、ation has been made so far. The enemys every movement was being closely watched.,32,33,Practice,an, no, several, your, both, a lot of, these, one-third, few, one , such a, enough central determiners: predeterminers: postdeterminers:,an, no, your, these, enough both, one-third, such a several, a lot

22、of, few, one,34,Collocations between determiners,A Johns new book Three childrens book Central determiners are excluded from each other, that is, they cannot be put together.,35,Collocations between determiners,The book was brought at the John Wileys bookshop. We must read a T. Johnss article for ou

23、r next seminar. This Joe Hills book is very amusing. The Janes letter got lost in the post. That Franks dog has torn my trousers. A Jane Austins novel A ships carpenter,36,Exercise 6C,BDCAD BDBDC BBCAB CDDCC,37,Some important determiners,some / any a matter of affirmation, negation or interrogation

24、Some/ any students can answer the question. a matter of “a certain” or “every”,38,every/ each,1. every: one of at least three; group each: one of at least two; individual _(Every/ Each) side of the street is crowed with people. _ (Every/ Each) student studies hard in this class. _(Every/ Each) studi

25、es hard in this class.,39,2. “each” can be used as a pronoun. 3. e.g. Every man is not honest. Each man here is not honest.,40,many/ much/ a lot of,1. many + plural much + uncountable a lot of + plural/ uncountable 2. “many” and “much” can be used alone as pronouns, while “a lot of” cant. 3. many/ m

26、uch is used in negative or interrogative sentences, while a lot of/ lots of/ a lot in affirmative sentences.,41,Exercise 6B,1.books 2.end 3.words 4.news 5.weeks 6.sign 7.money 8. intelligence 9.books 10.line 11.sentences 12.strength 13.apple, money, etc. 14.case 15.nurses 16.bales 17.novel, ones 18.

27、years, cause 19.rooms 20.cases,42,Exercise 6D,1. little opportunity to travel. 2. many such novels. 3. Neither sentence is correct English. 4. He has many more problems 5. this kind of apple/ these kind(s) of apples 6. I enjoy either kind, 7. every book in the fiction section. 8. than in any other c

28、ountry in the world.,43,9. a greater amount of rainfall this year than there was last year. 10. all this luggage/ all the luggage in the airport. 11. such beautiful poetry/ such a beautify poem that it is hard to believe 12. a great many friends in New York. 13. Whatever nonsense 14. That third sist

29、er of his 15. I cant for the life of me remember 16.Presumably there are fewer/ less diseases 17. Than all other methods. 18. once every three months. 19. study of language. 20. some more soup?,44,Exercise 6E,1. How much work have done this morning? 2. To dig a tunnel will need a great amount of lab

30、our. 3. Hes done the least work. 4. There are several methods of approaching this problem. 5. I know little French. 6. There must be less empty talk but more practical work. 7. Were there many people at the reception? 8. May I have a few words with you?,45,9. There were fewer people today at the exh

31、ibition than yesterday. 10. Harry made the fewest mistakes. 11. Youve learnt more poetry and done more exercises than I have. 12. Jacks done the most work and made the most mistakes. 13. Hes done a lot of work and made a lot of mistakes. 14. A millionaire has lots of money and lots of worries. 15. A

32、nna has enough worries because she hasnt got enough money. 16. The telephone rang every few minutes.,46,17. We have been persisting in making the experiment all these last few cold days. 18. Both his next books on linguistics will come out in 2011. 19. Soon we learned that we had wait another three

33、more weeks. 20. My brother spent $1000 for a second-hand car, but I spent almost twice the amount for the same stuff.,47,Exercise 6F,1.much 2.many 3.any 4.some 5.some, any 6.any 7.Some, any 8.many 9.few 10.little 11. fewer 12.little/ less 13.either 14.either, neither 15.Both 16.All 17.none 18.every

34、19.each 20.any, all,48,Exercise 7A,1. 0 2. 0 3. the, an 4. the 5. 0 6. the, the, the 7. 0, a 8. 0, the 9. a, the 10. the 11. 0, the 12. A 13.The, the 14.the 15.0, 0 16.0, the 17. 0, a, an, a, the 18. the, the, a, the 19. the, the, the, the, the, the 20. a,0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0/ a,49,Exercise 7B,1.a 2.the

35、 3.a 4.a 5.a 6.an 7.the 8.the 9.a 10.the 11.0 12.the 13.a 14.the 15.a 16.0 17.the 18.a 19.a 20.a/ the 21.an 22.the 23.a 24.0 25.an 26.the 27.the 28.the 29.the 30.a 31.the 32.the 33.a 34.a 35.the 36.the 37.the 38.the 39.an 40.0 41.0 42.0 43.a 44.a 45.the 46.0 47.the 48.a 49.the 50.the 51.the,50,Exerc

36、ise 7C,2.Lake Michigan 3.The Straits of Gilbraltar 4.Qomalangma 5.The National Gallery 6.the World Cup 7.Christmas 8. The Olympic Games 9.NATO 10.the BBC 11.Newsweek 12.The Times 13.Whitefall 14.the Finance Ministry 15.Parliament 16.the Senate 17.a John Spence 18.Jones and Smith 19. The Watemans 20.

37、The White House 21.universtiy 22.church 23.table 24.the university 25.the hospital 26.prison 27.The train 28.The hovercraft, the boat 29.hovercraft 30.a taxi 31.school 32.a bus 33.the ferry 34.a cinema 35.The film 36.the Pope 37.a world 38.Language 39.experience 40.law,51,Exercise 7D, 1.the 2.a 3.th

38、e 4.a 5.his 6.the 7.my 8.a 9.the 10.the 11.the 12.0 13.a 14.a 15.Sams 16.the 17.A 18.the 19.The 20.His 21.the 22.her 23.your 1.a 2.the 3.another 4.an 5.the 6.a 7.an 8.a 9.an 10.0 11.0 12.a 13.the 14.the 15.Each 16.a 17.the 18.the 19.a 20.other 21.the 22.another 23.the 24.a 25.the 26.the,52,Exercise

39、7E,1.on the spot 2.from top to down 3.on hand 4.at the front 5.in a fashion 6.taken a fancy to 7.in case of 8.took the fancy of 9.in trouble, lend a hand 10.went by the board 11.within reach of 12.on top of 13.In the case of 14.in the shade of 15.at a loss 16.in possession of 17.in the possession of 18.under cover 19.burning the midnight oil 20.at short notice,53,Exercise 7F,1. Light travels faster than sound. 2. Be quiet, please. Dont let me hear a sound. 3. In writing English. After each word we leave a space. 4. This box occupies too much spac