1、山東省郯城第三中學高中英語 語法大全 第10章 形容詞和副詞（含鞏固練習）一. 概念形容詞是用來修飾,描述名詞或代詞的詞,主要用作定語,表語和補足語等.副詞是用來修飾動詞,形容詞,其化副詞,介詞短語或全句的詞.二.相關知識點精講1.形容詞及其用法1）直接說明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞，它有級的變化，可以用程度副詞修飾，在句中可作定語、表語和補語。例如：hot。2）敘述形容詞只能作表語，所以又稱為表語形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級的變化，也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如：afraid 害怕的。 這類詞還有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afrai

2、d，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。3）形容詞作定語修飾名詞時，要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing為字尾的詞語時，要放在這些詞之后。例如：something nice.2.以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞 1） 大部分形容詞加-ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍為形容詞。 改錯： （錯） She sang lovely. （錯） He spoke to me very friendly. （對） Her singing was lovely. （對）

3、He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2）有些以-ly 結(jié)尾既為形容詞，也為副詞，如daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early等。例如： The Times is a weekly paper. 時代周刊為周刊。 The Times is published weekly. 時代周刊每周發(fā)行一期。3.用形容詞表示類別和整體 1） 某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人，與謂語動詞的復數(shù)連接，如the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry等。例如： The poor

4、are losing hope. 窮人行將失去希望。2） 有關國家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個民族的整體，與動詞的復數(shù)連用，如the British，the English，the French，the Chinese等。例如： The English have wonderful sense of humor. 英國人頗有幽默感。4. 多個形容詞修飾名詞的順序 多個形容詞修飾名詞時，其順序為：限定詞-數(shù)詞-描繪詞-（大小，長短，形狀，新舊，顏色）-出處-材料性質(zhì)-類別-名詞。例如： a small round table/ a tall gray building/ a dirty old

5、 brown shirt/ a famous German medical school/ an expensive Japanese sports car 2） One day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stoneB. Chinese old stoneC. old stone ChineseD. Chinese stone old 答案A. 幾個形容詞修飾一個名詞，他們的排列順序是：年齡，形狀，大小+顏色+來源+質(zhì)地+用途+國家+名詞。3） - How was your recent visit t

6、o Qingdao? - It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the _days at the seaside. A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last5.副詞的位置1） 在動詞之前。2） 在be動詞、助動詞之后。 3） 多個助動詞時，副詞一般放在第一個助動詞后。注意： a. 大多數(shù)方式副詞位于句尾，但賓語過長，副詞可以提前，以使句子平衡。例如： We could see very clearly a strange light a

7、head of us.我們清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。 b. 方式副詞well，badly，hard等只放在句尾。例如：He speaks English well. 他英語說得好。7.兼有兩種形式的副詞 1） close與closely close意思是近；closely 意思是仔細地。例如： He is sitting close to me. 他就坐在我邊上。 Watch him closely. 盯著他。2） late 與lately late意思是晚；lately 意思是最近。例如： You have come too late. 你來得太晚了。 What have you been

8、doing lately? 近來好嗎？3） deep與deeply deep意思是深，表示空間深度；deeply時常表示感情上的深度，深深地。例如： He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把棍子深深插進泥里。 Even father was deeply moved by the film.老爸也被電影深深打動了。4） high與highly high表示空間高度；highly表示程度，相當于much。例如： The plane was flying high. 這架飛機飛得很高。 I think highly of your opinion. 你的看法

9、很有道理。5） wide與widely wide表示空間寬度；widely意思是廣泛地，在許多地方。例如： He opened the door wide. 他把門開得大大的。 English is widely used in the world.英語在世界范圍內(nèi)廣泛使用。6） free與freely free的意思是免費；freely 的意思是無限制地。例如： You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.無論什么時候，我這飯鋪免費對你開放。 You may speak freely; say what you like.你可以暢所

10、欲言，想說什么就說什么。8. 形容詞與副詞的比較級 大多數(shù)形容詞（性質(zhì)形容詞）和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化，即原級、比較級和最高級，用來表示事物的等級差別。原級即形容詞的原形，比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。1） 規(guī)則變化 單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞，加詞尾-er，-est來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。構(gòu)成法原級比較級最高級一般單音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-esttalltallertallest以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音詞和少數(shù)以- le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞只加-r,-stnicenicernicest以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞，雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母，再加-er,-estbigbiggerbiggest

11、以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞，改y為i，再加-er，-estbusybusierbusiest少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-estclever/narrowcleverer/ narrowercleverest/ narrowest其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在前面加more，most來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級important/ easilymore important/ more easilymost important/ most easily2） 不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級goodbetterbestwell（健康的）worseworstbadill（有病的）oldolder

12、/elderoldest/eldestmuch/manymoremostlittlelessleastfar farther/furtherfarthest/furthest9.as + 形容詞或副詞原級 + as 1）在否定句或疑問句中可用so as。例如：He cannot run so/as fast as you. 他沒你跑得快。2）當as as 中間有名詞時采用以下格式：as +形容詞+ a +單數(shù)名詞/ as + many/much +名詞。例如： This is as good an example as the other is. 這個例子和另外一個一樣好。 I can car

13、ry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少紙，我也能。3）用表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語時，放在as的前面。例如： This room is twice as big as that one. 這房間的面積是那間的兩倍。 Your room is the same size as mine.你的房間和我的一樣大。4）倍數(shù)+ as + adj. + as 倍數(shù)+ the + of。例如： This bridge is three times as long as that one. 這座橋的長度是那座的三倍。 This bridge is three times

14、the length of that one. Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房間是我的兩倍大。 Your room is twice the size of mine. 10. 比較級形容詞或副詞 + than 。例如： You are taller than I. 你比我高。 They lights in your room are brighter than those in mine.你房間的那些燈比我房間里的亮。注意： 1）要避免重復使用比較級。 （錯） He is more cleverer than his brother. （對）

15、 He is more clever than his brother. （對） He is clever than his brother.2）要避免將主語含在比較對象中。 （錯） China is larger than any country in Asia. （對） China is larger than any other countries in Asia.3）要注意對應句型，遵循前后一致的原則。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than

16、to carry it out.4）要注意定冠詞在比較級中的使用。 比較：Which is larger, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters.11.可修飾比較級的詞 1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still,

17、 even等。2）還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。3）以上詞（除by far）外，必須置于比較級形容詞或副詞的前面。12. many, old 和 far 1） 如果后接名詞時，much more +不可數(shù)名詞，many more +可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)。2） old 有兩種比較級和最高級形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。elder，eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的長幼關系。例如：My elder brother is an engineer. 我哥哥是個工程師。Mary is the eldest of the three sisters. 瑪麗是三姐妹中最大的。3

18、） far 有兩種比較級，farther，further。一般father 表示距離，further表示進一步。例如： I have nothing further to say. 我沒什么要說了。13. the + 最高級 + 比較范圍 1）形容詞最高級前通常必須用定冠詞 the，副詞最高級前可不用。例如：The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。形容詞most前面沒有the，不表示最高級的含義，只表示非常。例如： It is a most important problem. =It is a very im

19、portant problem. 這是個很重要的問題。 注意：使用最高級要注意將主語包括在比較范圍內(nèi)。 （錯）Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. （對）Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2） 下列詞可修飾最高級，by far, far, much, mostly, almost。例如：This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 這帽子差不多是最大的了。注意： a. very可修飾最高級，但位置與much不同。This is the very best.This

20、is much the best. b. 序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級。例如： Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲。3） 最高級的意義有時可以用比較級表示出來。例如： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. 馬克是班上最聰明的。 Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.4） 否定詞語+比較級，否定詞語+ so as結(jié)構(gòu)也可以表示最高級含義。例如： Nothing is so easy as this. 沒比這更簡單

21、的了。 =Nothing is easier than this. =This is the easiest thing. 14. 和more有關的詞組， 1） the morethe more越就越。例如： The harder you work，the greater progress youll make. 越努力，進步越大。2） more B than A=less A than B 與其說A不如說B。例如： He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 他工作時，與其說是

22、反應慢不如說是懶。3） no more than 與一樣，不比多。例如： The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官員們看到的和皇帝一樣多。 no less than與一樣。例如： He is no less diligent than you. 他和你一樣勤勉。4） more than不只是，非常。例如： She is more than kind to us all. 她對我們非常熱心。三.鞏固練習1. The modern machine proved _ in heart surgery.a. high valuable b.

23、 highly valuable c. valuable high d. valuable highly2. Mr. Johnson and his _ daughter do not always understand each other.a. older b. the oldest c. eldest d. the eldest3. They _ thought that the truth would be finally discovered.a. little b. not c. small d. bit4. They hardly believe that the apartme

24、nt which costs them $ 4,000 is _.a. so small b. such little c. so little d. such small5. If a claim is kept _, it is more likely to be recognized.a. live b. lived c. alive d. living6. On his way to school he met _, so he sent him to hospital.a. very ill man b. much sick man c. serious ill man d. ver

25、y sick man7. She was operated a month ago but now she was _.a. very good b. very well c. healthy d. good conditioned8. What I would do is to go _.a. really quietly somewhere b. somewhere quietly reallyc. really quiet somewhere d. somewhere really quiet9. The chairman asked _ to write their questions

26、 on a piece of paper and send them to the front.a. the present members b. the members presently c. the members present d. the presently members10. The price was very reasonable; I would gladly have paid _ he asked.a. three times much as b. three times as many as c. as three times much as d. three ti

27、mes as much as11. The trousers are _, but Tom does not care a bit.a. too a little small b. a little too small c. a too little small d. a small too little12. She wore a dress to the party that was far more attractive than _.a. other girls b. that of other girls c. the other girls d. those of other girls13. he can play tennis better than _ in the class.a. any boys b. any other boy c. any boy d. any other14. Kasia is taking her _ tour of the shops in search of bargai