1、.,高二人教新課標(biāo)版選修八,Unit 2 Cloning,Reading,.,Twins,They are born naturally and identical in sex and appearance.,.,A strawberry plant,The new plants that grow from the runners are exact copies of the original plant.,.,一株草莓依靠它沿地“爬走”的匍匐莖, 一年內(nèi)就能長(zhǎng)出數(shù)百株草莓苗。,.,富貴竹插枝即活,The gardener should cut the plant, then the c

2、utting produce another new plant.,.,1996 cloning sheeps,.,2001 cloning cattle,.,我國(guó)成功繁殖克隆兔 體形要比普通兔大許多,2002年5月 中旬成功地 繁殖了一只 胚胎細(xì)胞 克隆兔。,.,2002 cloning cats,.,2002年4月16日美國(guó)第一頭克隆牛“艾米”產(chǎn)下牛犢喜作媽咪。,.,2005 cloning dogs,.,In pairs discuss what you understand about cloning. Then list the questions you want to find

3、out. Share your lists with one another.,Pre-reading,.,1. What is a clone?,A clone is an animal or a plant produced naturally or artificially from the cells of another animal or plant and is exactly the same as it.,.,2. How is a clone produced？,The cloning of plants is simple and relatively easy. It

4、can be done by taking cuttings (man- made cloning) or letting the plant produce its own runners (natural cloning). The cloning of animals is more complicated. It was not achieved until 1996 and is fully explained in the first reading.,.,.,3. What benefits can humans gain from cloning？,Medical clonin

5、g can help cure serious illnesses that ruin ones quality of life (such as Parkinsons disease or Alzheimers disease). It can help infertile people have babies.,.,4. What problems may arise when humans are cloned?,People may want to clone themselves so they can live forever. People may want to clone d

6、ead children. People may want to clone their favourite pets.,.,1. What is the main topic? A. Cloning. B. Dolly the sheep . C. It will lead us to some places. 2. What is the writing style? A. Expositive (說明性的). B. Descriptive. C. Argumentative (議論性的).,Cloning: Where is it leading us?,A,A,Scanning,.,L

7、earning tips: The passage is written in the expositive style. That is to say the text is in the third person and in factual and formal language. It gives different points of view and does not try to persuade the reader to make up his/her own mind.,.,3. Dolly the sheep _. A. looked exactly like the s

8、heep that provides the egg. B. was the exact copy of the sheep that provides the nucleus. C. looked like the sheep that gave birth to it. D. had the characteristics of all three sheep.,B,.,4. It can be inferred from the passage that a cloned animal_. A. usually lives as long as the original one B. u

9、sually lives longer than the original one C. usually dies earlier than the original one D. is usually as healthy as the original one,C,.,5. Which of the following is not an advantage of cloning? A. Cloning can be used for medical purposes. B. Large quantities of food can be produced by cloning. C. C

10、loning can help keep animals from becoming extinct. D. Famous persons who have passed away can be cloned.,D,.,6. Which of the following is wrong? A. Cloned people could live forever. B. Cloned people may be killed at will for medical aid. C. A woman would have difficulty recognizing her real husband

11、. D. Men will die out because a woman can give birth to a baby without a husband.,A,.,7. Which statement is NOT true? A. Cloning is something that has been developed quite recently. B. Twins that look exactly the same are originally from the same egg. C. Cloning is used by gardeners to make more mon

12、ey. D. Animal cloning is much more difficult than plant cloning.,A,.,8. The cloning of Dolly the sheep succeeded because _. A. its easier to clone a sheep than other animals B. the scientists were determined and worked hard with patience C. the scientists were rewarded and got lots of money D. many

13、other attempts to clone mammals failed,B,.,9. The lamb is the clone of the cell from sheep because _. A. it provides the egg cell B. it gives birth to the lamb C. it provides the nucleus D. it is a female sheep 10. The sheep that donated the somatic cell most probably lived _ years. A. 3 B. 6 C. 9 D

14、. 12,C,D,.,11. The main idea of the text is _ A. animal cloning is very valuable and can benefit the world. B. animal cloning could be misused by bad people so it must be forbidden. C. animal cloning is well developed because Dolly the sheep was born. D. animal cloning raised arguments and scientist

15、s are not sure about its future.,D,.,12. Which of the following is NOT a problem or danger of cloning mentioned in the text? A. Evil leaders may want to clone themselves. B. Animal clones may develop the illness of older animals and may die younger than the donor animals. C. There are moral objectio

16、ns to cloning human beings. D. Too much cloning may lead to the destruction of the balance of nature.,D,.,13. We can infer from the last three paragraphs that _. A. the normal development of Dolly had no effect on the cloning of other species. B. Dollys serious disease and final death disturbed the

17、whole world. C. Dolly successfully cloned a new lamb with the help of cloning scientists. D. there were arguments about animal cloning and concerns about the future of cloning.,D,.,Careful reading,The main idea of each paragraph.,Cloning is _ _ 2. Cloning has _ uses. 3. The _ of Dolly. 4. The _ of c

18、longing in society. 5. The attitudes towards cloning.,a way of making an exact copy of another animal and plant.,problems,two major,effect,.,It happens both in _ and in _. They can be cloned by _ and _.,plants,animals,themselves,humans,Natural clone,Man-made clone,Para 1: The definition of cloning,.

19、,1. How many major uses do cloning have? Firstly, commercial Secondly, research 2. How many female sheep participate in the cloning of a new sheep? 3. When was the cloning of Dolly the sheep born?,3,Para 2: The major uses and procedures of cloning,1996,.,normally,Dolly lived for six and a half years

20、, half the length of the life of the original one.,Para 3: The problems of Dolly,.,The word “controversial” in Para 4 probably means _. A. complicated B. arguable C. important,Para 4: The impact of Dolly,B,.,True or false: 1. People feared that Cloned Hitlers would do harm to the world. 2. All the r

21、esearch into human beings will be forbidden. 3. Some countries will use cloning in a wise way.,Para 5: Peoples reaction to cloning,Many governments forbade research into human beings.,T,T,F,.,Hitler: an evil leader,.,意大利狂人醫(yī)生:安蒂諾里,冒死也要克隆人的科學(xué)家:布瓦瑟利耶,.,1 Read the passage and answer these questions.,Com

22、prehending,1. What are the two major uses of cloning?,The first use is to produce commercial quantities of plants. The second is to research on new plants species and do medical research on animals.,.,2. Why is it easier to make commercial plant clones than animal clones?,Cloning plants is straightf

23、orward, but the cloning of animals is very complicated.,.,3. What was the first clone from an adult animal? At what age did this clone die?,4. Why is cloning controversial in some countries?,The first clone from an adult animal was Dolly the sheep. She died in 2003 at the age of 6 and a half.,Clonin

24、g is controversial in some countries for moral and religious reasons.,.,Animals may Develop the illnesses of older animals.,Fill in the chart.,Medical cloning could produce cures for serious illnesses in humans.,.,Animal clones may die younger than the donor animals,Evil leader may want to clone the

25、mselves.,There are moral objections to cloning human beings.,Cloning plants can produce plants of similar quality for sale.,Cloning plants can be useful for research on new plant species.,Cloning can help save endangered animals.,.,3 What do you think is the writers point of view in this reading pas

26、sage? Is it in favour of cloning or against it?,I think the writer is because,impartial,he/she does not state any personal opinion about cloning.,.,1. Do you support the idea of producing human embryos (胚胎) for medical purposes? Why? 2. Do you think it a good idea to use cloned humans for organ (器官)

27、 transplants? Why? 3. Do you think a cloned human should have human rights? Why? 4. Do you think cloned humans will have the same talents as the original ones? Why?,Discussion,.,As a coin has two sides, everything has two aspects. First, if the cloning is used in a correct way it can bring many conv

28、eniences to us. Such as: curing serious illnesses and being used to produce commercial qualities of plants. On the other hand, if the cloning is used in an evil way it can cause much troubles: such as moral questions.,.,Practice activity: Debate,Are you in favor of cloning or against cloning? What i

29、s your point of view on it?,.,1. This happens in plants when gardeners take when twins identical in sex and 1) “when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones, when twins identical in是兩個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。 when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中從句的動(dòng)作可以與 主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可以先于主句的動(dòng)作。Dont be afraid of asking for help _ it is

30、needed.(03, 全國(guó))A. unlessB. since C. althoughD. when,Language points,D,.,2) happen vi. occur by chance; take place (偶然地)發(fā)生; 出現(xiàn) happen to do happen to sb. It happened that happening n. 事件; 偶然發(fā)生的事 (常用復(fù)數(shù)) 辨析: happen, occur, take place與come about 四詞都有“發(fā)生”之意, 但有區(qū)別。 happen 是一般用語, 詞義較廣, 強(qiáng)調(diào)事情 發(fā)生的偶然性; occur 用

31、法較正式, 既可以指自然發(fā)生, 也 可以指有意安排。,碰巧,(某人)發(fā)生什么事了,碰巧,.,1) When did the explosion _? 2) Important elections _ this fall. 3) The concert will _ next Sunday. 4) How did the quarrel _?,occur,take place,come about,happen,Use the above words to fill in the blanks.,take place 一般指有計(jì)劃, 按事先安排的 進(jìn)行的含義。 come about 往往注重事情

32、發(fā)生的原因, 常 與how 連用。 以上四組詞均為不及物動(dòng)詞, 無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。,.,2. straightforward adj. 簡(jiǎn)單的, 易懂的， 坦誠(chéng)的, 坦率的 straightforwardly adv. 率直地, 坦誠(chéng)地 straightforwardness n. 率直 Jack is rough, but always straightforward. Installing the program is relatively straightforward. She admired his straightforwardness.,.,3. undertake vt. (unde

33、rtook; undertaken) 著手做, 從事, 進(jìn)行; 擔(dān)任, 承擔(dān), 答應(yīng), 同意。 The procedure is difficult to undertake, of course. 當(dāng)然, 這個(gè)過程很難實(shí)施。 The scientist undertakes the experiment. 科學(xué)家從事這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)。 I can undertake the responsibility for the changes. 我愿意承擔(dān)這些變革的責(zé)任。,.,完成下列句子。 1) The lawyer _ a new case. 那個(gè)律師接了一個(gè)新的案子。 2) He will _ _ _

34、 next month (去旅行). 3) He _ _ _ _. (承擔(dān)一項(xiàng)新任務(wù)),undertook,undertook a new task,undertake a jorney,.,4. pay off (事業(yè)、計(jì)劃等) 成功; 付清薪水并 解雇; 償還(債務(wù)等)。 At last the determination and patience of scientists paid off 最終科學(xué)家們的決心和耐心得到了回報(bào) He paid off the crew of the ship. 他付清全體船員的工資并將他們解雇。 In the end he paid off all hi

35、s debts. 最終他還清了所有的債務(wù)。 pay back 報(bào)答; 報(bào)復(fù),.,用介詞back, off, to,填空： 1) -Your effort is sure to pay_. - Thank you for your encouragement. 2) The supermarket _ which he had ever paid a visit, was burnt to the ground. 3) How can I pay you _ for all your kindness? 4) Well, after these years, weve at last paid

36、_ all our debts.,off,to,back,off,.,contain v. 包含, 含有 2) needed to produce a new sheep 為過去分詞 短語作后置定語, 修飾其前面的名詞 genes, 構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓搭配關(guān)系。,5. The nucleus of this cell contains all the genes needed to produce a new sheep. 這個(gè)細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞核含有生產(chǎn)一只新的綿羊的 必需的基因。,.,辨析: contain 與 include contain “包含, 含有”, 側(cè)重于包含的內(nèi)容或 成分, “里面裝有”;

37、include “包括”, 側(cè)重范圍或整體。 e.g. 1) Whisky _ a large percentage of alcohol. 2) The book _ forty maps, _ three of Great Britain.,contains,contains,including,.,6. The nucleus from sheep B and the egg cell from sheep A are joined using electricity. 從綿羊B中取出的細(xì)胞核與從綿羊A中取出 的卵細(xì)胞用電流使之結(jié)合。,1) using electricity 為現(xiàn)在分詞

38、短語作方式狀語。 2) 聯(lián)手, 攜手 參加活動(dòng) 和某人一起做事 參軍, 連起來,join hands,join in sth. / doing sth,join sb. in sth.,join up,.,take part in 指參加某項(xiàng)活動(dòng), 并以積極的態(tài)度 在所參加的活動(dòng)中起作用； join “加入”團(tuán)體或組織； join in 指參加活動(dòng)和游戲； join sb. in sth. 和某人一起做某事； attend 參加會(huì)議 (聽演講、聽音樂、參加婚禮),辨析: take part in, join, join in 與 attend,.,7. The fact that she se

39、emed to develop normally was very encouraging. 多莉看來是在正常地成長(zhǎng)著, 這很令人鼓舞?！皌hat she seemed to develop normally”是同位語 從句。同位語從句可由when/ where/ how/ why/ that/ whether等詞引導(dǎo)。先行詞多半是idea/ fact / news/hope/ belief/ thought/ doubt/question等。 同位語從句一般放在抽象名詞之后, 用以說明 抽象名詞的具體內(nèi)容, 有時(shí)為了保持句子的 平衡, 同位語從句還可以放在動(dòng)詞的后面。 如: Soon wor

40、d came that we won.,.,8. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. 然后傳來了多莉病重的壞消息。本句中, 副詞then放于句首, 主語是名詞“news”, “that Dolly had become seriously ill”是同位語 從句, 句子用了倒裝語序。In the dark forests _, some large enough to hold several English towns. (05, 遼寧)A. stand many lakesB. lie man

41、y lakesC. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand,B,.,disturbing adj. The news from the front is very disturbing. 來自前線的消息令人極為不安。 disturb vt. 擾亂, 使不安, 弄亂; disturbed adj. 被擾亂的, 動(dòng)亂的, 不安的； disturbing adj. 令人不安的。 特別提示: 現(xiàn)在分詞表示: 令人怎么樣 過去分詞表示: 被使得怎么樣, 感到怎么樣,.,如: an interesting story 令人感興趣的故事 an interested look 感

42、到興趣的表情 surprised people (感到)驚奇的人們,用disturb, disturbing, disturbed填空。 1) Im very _ about Alice. 2) Dont _ the papers on my desk. 3) This country is in a _ state. 4) What _ news it is! 5) A light wind _ the surface of the water.,disturbed,disturb,disturbing,disturbing,disturbed,.,9. cast down 使沮喪; 毀掉

43、(常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)或 作表語) Cloning Scientists were cast down to find that Dollys illness were more appropriate to a much older animal. 克隆科學(xué)家沮喪地發(fā)現(xiàn)多莉的病 更容易在年老的羊身上。 不要這么沮喪, 打起精神來！ Dont be so cast down. Just keep up your spirits. cast away 丟棄 cast off 放棄; 丟棄 cast out 趕走,.,1) 聽到這個(gè)消息他很沮喪。 _ 2) 發(fā)現(xiàn)事情的真相使他很沮喪。 _,He was

44、cast down to hear the news.,Finding out the truth made him cast down.,將下列句子譯成英語。,.,10. altogether 和 all together 及 together 1) altogether adv. 總共, 完全地, 總之, 總而言之 You owe me 68 RMB altogether. Your work is altogether perfect. 2) all together 全部在同一地方或同一時(shí)間 Can you put your books all together in this box

45、? 3) together adv. 在一起, 共同地 All his trouble seemed to come together. Hes bad-tempered, selfish and _ an unpopular man. A. therefore B. altogether C. otherwise D. anyhow,B,.,11. object v. forbidden) 禁止, 不許, 妨礙, 阻止 Governments became nervous and many forbade research into human clothing. 政府開始感到不安, 有許多

46、政府禁止對(duì)克隆的研究。 Smoking should be forbidden in public places. 公共場(chǎng)所應(yīng)禁止吸煙。 Her father forbid her to go out alone. 她父親不許她單獨(dú)外出。 I forbid you entering my study. 我不許你進(jìn)入我的書房。,.,forbid sb. to do / forbid sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事forbid sth. 禁止某事與forbid 結(jié)構(gòu)相同的詞有：permit sb to do / permit doing sth 允許某人做某事/允許做某事；

47、allow sb. to do / allow doing sth 允許某人做某事/允許做某事；advise sb. to do / advise doing sth. 建議某人做某事/建議做某事,.,1) The school _ _ _ _ _ (禁止學(xué)生吸煙). 2) He is forbidden to _ _ _ (進(jìn)入這個(gè)房間). 3) There are laws in some countries which forbid advertisements _ at inappropriate times and places.A. being shown B. shown C. show D. to have shown4) At the conference he was forbidden _ the subject again.A. mentioning B. to mention C. mention D. mentioned,forbids the studen