1、Unit 3 Computers單元概述教材解讀 本單元圍繞“IT 技術(shù)，計算機的發(fā)展史和機器人”這一主題開展聽說讀寫等多種教學活動?！癐T 技術(shù)，計算機的發(fā)展史和機器人”為21世紀人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪兄匾墓ぞ?，所以這一話題在英語學習中占有重要地位。同時，學完本單元將會使學生對機器人的了解更加深刻，今后會渴望了解其相關(guān)方面的知識，從而提高了學生學習的興趣和積極性。1.1 Warming Up部分通過討論讓學生了解計算機的發(fā)展情況。1.2 Pre-reading部分的三個問題包括看圖預(yù)測，則進一步考查學生對計算機的發(fā)展的基本常識的了解。1.3 Reading部分作者通過計算機之口介紹了計算機的發(fā)展歷

2、程，可以進一步看出計算機的發(fā)展為人的生產(chǎn)生活所帶來的便利，使人的生活質(zhì)量有了很大程度的提高。1.4 Comprehending部分幫助學生歸納他們已知的和剛學到的關(guān)于計算機的幾個不同發(fā)展階段，并且進一步討論計算機的相關(guān)知識。1.5 Learning about Language分兩部分呈現(xiàn)，分別是Discovering useful words and expressions和Discovering useful structures,這兩部分都同單元主題緊密相關(guān)，Discovering useful words and expressions部分的詞匯和Discovering useful

3、structures部分的語法結(jié)構(gòu)的呈現(xiàn)也盡可能地安排在相關(guān)的語境中。1.6. Using Language部分通過一個機器人足球運動員的故事來引導學生進行讀、聽、說、寫的綜合訓練。1.7 Summing up從四個角度：有用的動詞，動詞短語，其他的表達和新句型結(jié)構(gòu)總結(jié)。本單元內(nèi)容，并總結(jié)所學的有關(guān)野生動物保護方面的知識。1.8 Learning Tips部分指導學生如果想把英語學好，不光要學習課本。一個好的學習者還必須要利用圖書館、報紙和雜志，還要從收音機和電視上學習。另外，還可以利用電腦來學習英語，電腦上有許多英語網(wǎng)站，幫助你增加詞匯量，提高聽、說、讀、寫的能力。單元目標 一、知識與技能1

4、本單元是有關(guān)電腦知識的使用，使學生對其有一個初步的了解。讓學生了解有關(guān)中國民航運用計算機的情況；并學習如何使用向?qū)Ψ教峤ㄗh的口語練習。通過單詞的學習掌握go up, bring down, prefer to, and, but, although等詞的用法。本單元的語法重點是現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的使用，要求學生能夠了解和掌握。 2重點詞匯、短語：although, waste, believe, necessary, passenger, record, at one time, greatly, correct, complete, decision, abroad, change for

5、；It would be a waste of ；In my opinion, we should 3日常用語：First of all, ；I believe；Any reason?二、過程與方法為學生設(shè)置具體的語言環(huán)境，使學生較好地完成圍繞機器人為主題的話題，培養(yǎng)學生的英語思維能力，語言表達能力和一定的寫作能力，以及通過課堂上師生，生生互動，培養(yǎng)自主，合作和探究的能力。三、情感、態(tài)度與價值觀在師生互動的活動中，激發(fā)學生的學習興趣，加強教師的親和力，增進師生之間與生生之間的了解和溝通，充分發(fā)揮情感教學的優(yōu)勢。學生能在情景中分享豐富的情感體驗，感受寫作完成后的成功和喜悅。教法學法導航 教法導航

6、調(diào)動學生學習的積極性，讓他們主動參與學習活動是教學的重點之一。通過設(shè)置任務(wù)，啟發(fā)學生討論，激活學生思維，激發(fā)學生學習和運用英語的興趣。在交流中培養(yǎng)學生的交際策略，幫助其掌握用英語表達觀點和做決定的功能用語。學法導航以學生主體的已有經(jīng)驗和內(nèi)在動機的作用，充分發(fā)揮主體學習的主動性，去發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，然后借助于軟件的“幫助”去解決。課時支配 第一課時：Warming up, Pre-reading, Reading, Comprehending和Leaning about Language內(nèi)容一致，將其設(shè)計成一節(jié)閱讀課。第二課時：Reading, Comprehending和Leaning about L

7、anguage中的重點詞匯、短語、句型的語言學習課。第三課時：將Learning about language中的Discovering useful structures設(shè)計成一節(jié)語言學習課即語法課。 第四課時：將Using language中的Reading, Listening和Writing部分設(shè)計成一堂語言運用課，重點培養(yǎng)學生語言綜合運用能力。第五課時：將Language中的Summing up與Learning Tip和Checking Yourself設(shè)計成一節(jié)復習課。 第1課時教案 Warming up，Reading and Comprehending教學目標 一、知識與技能

8、1識記下面單詞、短語：calculate，universal，simplify, sum, operator, logical, technology, revolution, artificial, intelligence, solve, reality, personal, total, network, mobile, finance, rocket, explore, anyhow, goal, happiness, human race, fromon, as a result, sothat2找出重點句型： (1) I developed very slowly and it t

9、ook nearly two hundred years before l was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.(2) As time went by, I was made smaller. (3) And my memory became so large that even I couldnt believe it!3掌握運用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。二、過程與方法通過閱讀和小組討論了解文章的主題，讓學生嘗試運用文中關(guān)鍵詞復述課文。三、情感、態(tài)度與價值觀培養(yǎng)學生的邏輯表述能力和探究知識的樂趣，調(diào)動學生學習的積極性。學情分

10、析 _教學重點與難點教學重點1課文的整體閱讀。2重點詞匯、短語和句型的理解和應(yīng)用。教學難點課文的整體閱讀。教法與學法導航 教法導航1情景教學法。 2小組討論啟發(fā)。 3互動式教學。學法導航積極回答老師提出的問題，能夠運用文中的詞匯、短語和句式描述以機器人為主題的話題的內(nèi)容。教學準備教師準備研讀教材和新課程標準，設(shè)計教案和任務(wù)型作業(yè)；上網(wǎng)收集相關(guān)資料并制作課件。學生準備主動通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)查找資料，預(yù)習課文，自我準備。教師提供相關(guān)網(wǎng)絡(luò)讓他們上網(wǎng)查找不同時期機器人的特點。學生可以幻想，為他們自己設(shè)計機器人提供創(chuàng)造靈感。教學過程 Step 1引入話題1. Show students the pictures

11、of an abacus, a calculator, a huge computer, a notebook and a PC, ask: “If I am a math teacher, which can help me most?”2. Write the expressions of giving opinions on the blackboard.Giving opinions I think that. In my opinion. I believe that.3. Ask students to give their opinions, remind them of usi

12、ng the expressions of giving opinions.4. Ask students to discuss what these items have in common, and then rank them according to the time of their appearance.5. Ask some of the students to talk about what they know about computers.6. Ask students to discuss “How have computers changed our life?”, a

13、nd then have some of them give their answers, using the expressions of giving opinions.Step 2讀前準備1. Questioning and answeringWhat do you know about computer?Electronic machine capable of performing calculations and other manipulations of various types of data, under the control of a stored set of in

14、structions. The machine itself is the hardware; the instructions are the program or software. Depending upon size, computers are called mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers. Microcomputers include desk-top and portable personal computers.A multi-function electronic device that can execute i

15、nstructions to perform a task.A device that accepts information, processes it, and supplies an output. A computer usually contains memory, a control unit, arithmetic and logical units, and a means for input and output.A programmable hardware component that is controlled by internally stored programs

16、 and that can perform substantial computations (including arithmetic and logic operations) without human intervention. A computer typically consists of one or more processing units, memory units, and associated peripheral input and output devices.Related to automation and electronic data processing.

17、 The Library of Congress commonly classes most computer-related books in HF5548, QA75-76, Z52, T385, and some TK ranges.A machine for performing calculations automatically calculator: an expert at calculation (or at operating calculating machines) .A computer is a device or machine for making calcul

18、ations or controlling operations that are expressible in numerical or logical terms. Computers are constructed from components that perform simple well-defined functions. The complex interactions of these components endow computers with the ability to process information. If correctly configured (us

19、ually by, programming) a computer can be made to represent some aspect of a problem or part of a system. 2. Discussing and sharingHow have computers changed our lives?Someday soon, if you havent already, youre likely to plug into the computer network nation growing in our midst. Computer terminals,

20、or small computers connected via modem (a modulator/demodulator circuit for encoding/decoding computer chatter) to ordinary telephone lines, should be as ubiquitous as the telephone itself. Theyre a much more useful and humane tool than the phone, and with corporate America behind them the networks

21、will be everywhere-changing our lives more than any technology since the automobile.Joining a computer network is the same as joining a community. Small systems are like villages, where new members are formally welcomed. The larger networks, the Source and Computer serve, for example, are cities-ano

22、nymous, full of life and events, but difficult to fit into.Step 3閱讀文章1. Listening to the recording of the text WHO AM I? And read it.Turn to page 18 and listen to the recording of the text. Pay attention to the pauses, pronunciation and intonation of the native reader.2. Reading aloud and underlinin

23、g expressionsNow we are to read the text once again and underline all the expressions in the text. Put them down into your notebook after class as homework.Collocations from WHO AM I? begin as, a calculating machine, be built as, at that time, a technological revolution, the start of artificial inte

24、lligence, write a book, be made to work, solve problems, from then on , grow any larger, As time went by, go back to,be made smaller, memory became so large, stand there by oneself, be connected by, share knowledge with others through, be put into, provide humans with, deal with, truly filled with3.

25、 Reading, identifying and settlingAttention, please! It is time to skim the text one more time and identify the difficult sentences. Try analyzing the structures of the difficult sentences and discuss them among your group members. You may also put your questions to me for help. Chat（online）（在線）聊天To

26、 chat is to talk about ordinary things that are not very important. You can chat to one person or to many people. People also use this word now for parts of the Internet where we can talk with many different people at the same time. Usually, you chat on the internet in a chat room or messaging servi

27、ce like AOL(American On-Line) Instant Messenger (AIM), Yahoo Messenger, or MSN Messenger.Step 4 學習歸納信息1. Scan the text for information to complete the table below, describing the development of computer.In 1642The computer began as a calculating machine.In 1822The analytical machine was made by Char

28、les Babbage.In 1936The computer grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower.1940sThe computer had grown as large as a room.In 1960sThe first family of computer was connected to each other.In 1970sComputers were used in offices and homes.NowComputers connect people all over the world together.2. Read

29、 the text again and complete the chart below.Paragraph 1Paragraph 2Paragraph 3Topic sentenceOver time I have been changed quite a lot.These changes only became possible as my memory improved.Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.Supporting detailsCalculating machine Analytical

30、 machine Universal machinePC laptopTubes transistors chipsNetwork world wide webcommunicationsfinance trade robots mobile phonesspace rocketsproviding a life of high qualityStep 5 口語訓練How did computers develop?A calculating machine _ _Step 6 作業(yè)布置1. Retell the passage.2. P19 Ex3 In pairs discuss. 板書展

31、示 （略） 教學反思 根據(jù)本課時的特點，安排了六個環(huán)節(jié)，第一個環(huán)節(jié)讓學生按老師的指令做動作來調(diào)整學生的精神狀態(tài)同時又復習了一些動詞，為新課做知識上的準備；在第二個環(huán)節(jié)中，通過讀前準備讓學生了解有關(guān)的背景知識；第三環(huán)節(jié)，通過閱讀文章獲取相關(guān)的信息，增強對閱讀能力的培養(yǎng)；第四環(huán)節(jié)信息歸納，讓學生由輸入信息階段進入到輸出信息階段，培養(yǎng)學生的總結(jié)歸納能力；第五環(huán)節(jié)，口語訓練是學生能力的一個升華，學生們通過前幾個環(huán)節(jié)的訓練，從而應(yīng)該內(nèi)化為自己的一個技能；第六環(huán)節(jié)，安排了安排的解決重點句子和詞匯的練習，以便為下一節(jié)課，另外還安排了一個開放性的問題，在鍛煉學生的綜合語言運用能力的同時，又讓他們學會搜集信息，

32、合作與交流。教后反思 _教育格言 在知識的舞臺上，最淵博的教師也是最謙虛的學生。教案 Warming up，Reading and Comprehending教學目標 一、知識與技能1語言知識目標(1) 學習掌握以下重點單詞和短語：calculate, simplify, sum, universal, solve, technological revolution, artificial, intelligent, reality, total, network, web, application, finance, character, as a result, explore, aris

33、e, in a way, anyhow, human race, operator, logically, rocket (2) 學習文章的擬人手法和以時間為順序的寫作方法。 (3) 學習了解有關(guān)電腦知識。2語言技能目標(1) 發(fā)展學生聽說讀寫的綜合技能，培養(yǎng)學生的語言綜合運用能力。(2) 讓學生能根據(jù)時間線索組織文章情節(jié)的發(fā)展。(3) 讓學生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，發(fā)揮想象力，表達自己有關(guān)電腦的各種觀點。二、過程與方法通過閱讀和小組討論了解文章的主題，讓學生嘗試運用文中關(guān)鍵詞復述課文。三、情感、態(tài)度與價值觀通過本文學習，讓學生對電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)更加感興趣，并在日常生活中學習逐漸應(yīng)用電腦，從而達到更加熱愛生活的

34、目的。學情分析 _ 教學重點與難點 教學重點1讓學生初步掌握并運用本篇文章中所學的重要詞匯。2培養(yǎng)和訓練學生的多種閱讀技巧，提高學生分析問題、解決問題的能力。3幫助學生在體驗中學會與人合作。教學難點1靈活運用所學詞組。2靈活運用多種閱讀微技能（predicting, skimming, scanning），提高學生的閱讀能力。教法與學法導航 教法導航靈活運用多種閱讀微技能（predicting, skimming, scanning），提高學生的閱讀能力。學法導航本課是有關(guān)電腦知識的閱讀課，因此，要充分利用多媒體生動形象地展示電腦的歷史作用，使學生對本課產(chǎn)生興趣，發(fā)揮教師的主導作用和學生的主體

35、作用，創(chuàng)建一個平等、和諧、友愛的課堂，培養(yǎng)學生自主學習、創(chuàng)新學習及分析問題和解決問題的能力。教學準備教師準備電腦課件(a courseware)包括：圖片、文字、音樂及視頻學生準備說出自己所喜歡運動員的基本情況、找出文章中的一些重要詞組。教學過程 Step 1 Warming up1. Greeting the students as usual.2. Introduce the topic of computersShow the five pictures（an abacus，a huge computer，a calculator，a PC，a notebook computer）and

36、 get the students name them in English. Through this task，students can have a general idea about what they are going to learn. Besides，students are expected to have a discussion about what they have in common while looking at them. And they are required to use the given expressions in their discussi

37、on to express their ideas.T：Boys and girls，today I am going to introduce some machines to you. Now lets see whether you can name them in English correctly，and talk about them. Now work together with your partners and try to find out what they have in common. Two minutes late，five students are asked

38、to talk about them in class.S1：An abacus is an old calculating machine used in China until now.S2：A huge computer is built to solve some mathematical problems. But，in my opinion，it is too big.S3：A calculator is a new calculating machine which can solve large number mathematical problems. And I think

39、 it is very convenient to carry and use，so we often use it.S4：A PC is a personal computer，which can solve all kinds of problems and is widely used in offices，schools，shops，at homes，etc. now.S5：A notebook computer is a kind of useful computer which can be taken conveniently like a notebook. But I thi

40、nk it is too expensive.T：Quite good. It seems that you are all quite familiar with these machines. But can you tell what they have in common? Any volunteers?S6：Let me try. I think they all calculate something. They can deal with some math problems.S7：I believe that they are our good friends. With th

41、eir help we can finish our work quickly.S8：The 21st century is the century of information technology. As middle school students，we should try to learn how to use computers.T：Well，your opinions are all right. Indeed, all these machines can calculate something. Whats more，from the abacus to the notebo

42、ok computer，there is a long way. But now computers have already changed our lives greatly. But do you know more about computers and can you say something about how computers have changed our lives.Step 2 Pre-reading1. Find the words for each of the following meanings from the text. to make things ea

43、sy （simplify） to find the answer using numbers（calculate） can be moved easily from place to place（mobile） anyway（anyhow） activity of managing money （finance） to work out the answer to a problem （solve） completely （totally） connected computer system （network）2. Finish the timeline below.1642: The com

44、puter began as a calculating machine.1822: The Analytical Machine was made by Charles Babbage.1936: The computer grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower.1940s: The computer had grown as large as a room.Step 3 ReadingTask 1. Skim the passage for the general idea.T：Boys and girls，you will be given

45、 two minutes to skim the passage and try to find out who “I” am and get the general idea of this passage.After two minutes.T：Time is up. Who would like to tell us who “I” am and give the general idea of the text to the class? Volunteer!S12：Of course，“I” am the computer. The passage is mainly about t

46、he history and development of computers.S13：The passage is also about the relationship of computers and humans.Task 2. Careful reading1. Let the students read the text carefully and then finish the following exercises. In the first paragraph, “simple-minded” means _. （B）A. cleverB. stupidC. kindD. g

47、ood-looking The computer developed from _ to _ and then, it becomes _. （C） A. big, large, huge B. huge, big, small C. not very big, very large, small D. very large, not very large, small It can be inferred that _. （C） A. the computer may be as clever as human beings B. the computer may be clever tha

48、n human beings C. the computer will play a more important role in serving the human beings D. the computer will take the place of human beings some day At that time it was considered a technological revolution and the start of my “artificial intelligence”. The underlined word means _. （D）A. naturalB

49、. mathematicalC. cleverD. man-madeTask 3 Match each paragraph with their topic sentences.Paragraph 1 A My memory improved.Paragraph 2 B Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me. Paragraph 3 C I began as a calculating machine in 1642 in France.1-C; 2-A; 3-BStep 4 Important and use

50、ful structures1. As time went by, I was made smaller.2. My memory became so large that even I couldnt believe it.3. I have been used in offices and homes since 1970s.4. As a result I totally changed my shape.Exercises1. As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.2. He is so you

51、ng that you must excuse him.3. I like these English songs and they have been taught many times on the radio.4. As a result he often comes here to talk to me.Step 5 Retell the textHave the students get prepared in 3 minutes and retell the development of computer with their own words, using chronology

52、.Fill in the timeline to remember the facts.T：But can you memorize facts like a computer? I am afraid you can not. But lets try to remember the facts in the passage by filing in the timeline on Page 19，which，I am sure，will help you remember the facts easily.Timeline1642：The computer began as a calculating machine.1822：The Analytical Machine was built by Charles Babbage.1936：Alan Turing wrote a book to describe how computers could be made.1960s：Computers had new transistors and became smaller.1960s：The first family