1、姓名：左維偉 學(xué)號(hào)：20092755,The species were not be created in their present form, but evolved from ancestral species .2,proposed a mechanism for evolution: natural selection,The general idea of Darwinism : 1. species were not be created in their present form, but evolved from ancestral species . 2.it propos

2、ed a mechanism for evolution: natural selection,Effects of Darwinism,a.On Biology,Darwins influence on the development of biology has been immeasurable. The immediate effect of the publication of On the Origin of Species was to stimulate research in morphology（形態(tài)學(xué)）, embryology（胚胎學(xué)）, and paleontology

3、（古生物學(xué)）to find evidence to support or refute Darwins view.,Such distinguished scientists as Charles Lyell, Joseph Hooker, Asa Gray, Ernst Haeckel and Thomas Huxley accepted Darwins theory of evolution on its publication.,b.On Theology神學(xué)，宗教體系,Darwins theory of evolution met strong and immediate opposi

4、tion from Christian theologians. They believed that Darwins theory contradicted the Scripture, did away with divine guidance and substituted an automatic natural mechanism for the Creators designed creation.,The theological opposition to Darwins theories at the meeting of the British Association for

5、 the Advancement of Science at Oxford in 1869,when Wilberforce,Bishop of Oxford,attacked the leading exponent of Darwinism,the biologist Thomas Huxley,whose book Evolution and Ethics(1893)was translated into Chinese in 1897 by YanFu(嚴(yán)復(fù))published under the title天演論。,c.On Social Science,Although Darwi

6、n did not himself attempt to apply the principle of natural selection to sociology,his demonstration of evolution by natural selection made a great impression on Spencer with unforumate results.,As well as providing a model of evolution, this publication also led Darwin to realize that natural force

7、 gradually changes the earths surface and that the forces of the past are still operating in modern times. over the last 150 years the book has revolutionized our understanding of nature and our place within it.,Thank you for your listening !,Thank you for your listening !,達(dá)爾文主義第一次把生物學(xué)放在完全科學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)上，它的產(chǎn)生不僅是生物學(xué)的偉大革命，也是人類思想史上的偉大革命，具有巨大的哲學(xué)意義。它用自然選擇的進(jìn)化學(xué)說合理地說明生物的多樣性和適應(yīng)性，從而有力地打擊了唯心主義的特創(chuàng)論和目的論利用生物的多樣性和適應(yīng)性長(zhǎng)期宣揚(yáng)的上帝有目的地創(chuàng)造生物的觀點(diǎn)，這是唯物主義世界觀的偉大勝利。馬克思、恩格斯高度評(píng)價(jià)達(dá)爾文的進(jìn)化論，并把它引為自己學(xué)說的自然史基礎(chǔ)。唯心主義者則試圖利用達(dá)爾文主義宣揚(yáng)他們的哲學(xué)思想和社會(huì)政治觀點(diǎn)，產(chǎn)生了社會(huì)達(dá)爾文主義、庸俗進(jìn)化論等流派。圍繞達(dá)爾文主義所展開的哲學(xué)斗爭(zhēng)，一直延續(xù)至今。 在達(dá)爾文時(shí)代,細(xì)胞