1、Writing and Reporting for the Broadcast Media,By Shang Jinghua,Research and Interviewing,OBSERVATION SOURCES QUESTIONS,OBSERVATION,Do not use subjective words (adjectives and adverbs). Describe what you actually see. Do not assume things (guess). Be specific: use a lot of approaches to be concrete.

2、Cold temperature Clear sky color, visibility, pollution index Crowd number of people / buses, statistics about comparison,OBSERVATION Write-ups,Minimize subjective adjectives (small, cold). Use actions as much as you can. Seventy-five people pass the Badaling first tower every minute. Assume nothing

3、. Think about your audience and their knowledge (may know everything or nothing). Use details (distance, traffic-time). back,SOURCES-people,People should be the main sources A plane crash Any person who saw the crash Airport control tower (whos on duty), chief Police / investigators Airline manager

4、on duty or spokesperson,SOURCES-people,Authoritative Sources Secondary Sources Accused party balance, fair reporting Affected party significance, relativity (be represented), interest Background Sources Increased enrollment in CUC 1954 records, library, yearbook, archives (data-base) former presiden

5、t, alumni education ministry CUCs website experts, analysts (such as historians),SOURCES - Written sources,Net Archives Libraries Books Reference (dictionaries, encyclopedia, checkbooks),Records Drafts / copies (of laws) Minutes Reports Incident summaries Other media back,QUESTIONS,Types of intervie

6、w questions About accuracy Some basic principles for interview Cope with the sources Choices of interview place and source Situation you dont have to identify yourself as a reporter,Types of interview questions,Basic questions Context Questions Secondary Questions Background Questions,Types of inter

7、view questions,Open-end questions Close-end questions,Basic questions,Name (full name business card) Title Position / career Workplace / organization Age (indicate experience / distinguish people),Basic questions,Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How Example: Beijing to charge taxi passengers one yua

8、n for fuel tax. Who Beijing What charge taxi passengers one yuan for fuel tax When 0:00 a.m. Wednesday Nov. 25, 2009 Where Beijing Why to cope with the rising international oil price How How many passengers will be affected? How much? One yuan per rude if the ride if the ride exceeds three kilometer

9、s How to charge money? Add one extra yuan to the total charge How long will the fuel tax last / Is it permanent or temporary? So what? (Why is the news important? A large number of people affected) back,Context Questions,Examples: Beijing to charge taxi passengers one yuan for fuel tax. TIME (histor

10、y) Is there a precedent? WHO (other related paties) Taxis in other cities Taxis in other countries Industry (How will taxi companies be affected by the fuel tax) back,Secondary Questions,What do you think? Whats your reaction? How are you related to the news? If-then question (circuitous way to ask

11、why). Whats it like? (about the consequencesopinion to quote) Whats next? (what does it mean?) Is this normal? back,Background Questions,How were the taxi companies affected by the rising international oil prices? How about the fuel/gas price in China? Is it cheaper than in the other countries? What

12、 are the changes in the taxi charge (price adjustments)? How about other countries? Do they have fuel taxes too, or do they increase their fuel taxes when the international oil prices rise, if they do have a fuel tax? back,About accuracy,Quotes Please quote reactions, opinions, feelings, not facts,

13、such as: “I was tired.” “The material is soft and comfortable.”,About accuracy,Some mistakes Libelhurt somebody by making a mistake. For simple mistake correction, apology “Injury” “Malice”know its a mistake, but still do it. Plagiarismwritten material To avoid plagiarism, please attribute.,About ac

14、curacy,About attribution: You dont have to attribute what you get from your own organization. Do not exceed 100 words except for public documents. back,Some basic principles for interview,Balance Background for international audience Information to confirm,Examples:How big is CUC?, Number of student

15、s Staff size Area of campus Buildingsdormitories Dining hallfood flow,How many coffeehouses are there in Beijing?, Government: city commercial / tax department. Trade association Coffeehouse owners In the U.S., the Chamber of American Business,How many visas does the U.S. Embassy issue per year?, Ch

16、ina entry-exit department Call Embassy visa department / spokesperson Call immigration & Naturalization Service (INS) Chinese college student association back,Cope with the sources,Uncooperative source Take the source to a quiet place. Introduce yourself fully and tell the source the reason why you

17、choose him/her. Talk about small things at first.,Cope with the sources,Over-eager source Tell them your time is limited. Tell them you have to go. Thank him/her. back,Choices of interview place and source,Place choice Bathroom at night (background source) Police barricades Source choice Choose source who is alone (other than a group) Choo