1、扶弱資料（六）非 謂 語(yǔ) 動(dòng) 詞所謂非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，就是指它們不能在句子中單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。但它們又具有動(dòng)詞的特征，即可以有賓語(yǔ)（如果是及物動(dòng)詞的話）、可以有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化、可以有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)。同時(shí)，它們又具有名詞的某些特征，即它們可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。一、動(dòng)詞不定式: 動(dòng)詞不定式（時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)）：主 動(dòng) 式 被 動(dòng) 式一般式 to do to be done完成式 to have done to have been done進(jìn)行式 to be doing1. 作主語(yǔ):To say something is one thing, to do it is another.2. 作表語(yǔ): M

2、y suggestion is to carry out the plan immediately.3. 作賓語(yǔ): He decided to buy a computer. 4. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ): Mr. Smith wants his son to become a lawyer.注：在let, make, see, notice, hear等動(dòng)詞后面，作賓補(bǔ)的不定式均省去to. 如: He made a face and made everybody_(laugh). 但是，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式則要加上to.如: We are made _(write) a composit

3、ion every week by the teacher. 5. 作定語(yǔ): He used to have a lot of meeting to attend. 注：當(dāng)出現(xiàn)the first / second / last / only /best時(shí)，常跟不定式作定語(yǔ)He was the first man _ (get) to school this morning.6. 不定式作狀語(yǔ): To see what would happen, we stayed there. 二、分詞 （ 現(xiàn)在分詞 和 過(guò)去分詞 ）（一）V-ing 形式（時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)）：主 動(dòng) 式被 動(dòng) 式一般式 doing

4、 being done完成式 having done having been done1._ (be) poor, he couldnt go to school.2.We are interested in _ ( play) chess.3.The question _ (discuss) now is important.4.The boy was afraid of _ (leave) alone at home.5._ (work) in the country for three years, he knew how to grow vegetables.注：現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式表示分

5、詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前（二）過(guò)去分詞（只有一種時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)）規(guī)則的：V-ed ； 不規(guī)則的（記不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表） 1. The boy went home with his homework _ (finish). 2. _ (see) from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. 現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞在語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)間方面有較大區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞表示的意義是主動(dòng)的，進(jìn)行的：the girl gathering flowers（正在采花的女孩）過(guò)去分詞表示的意義是被動(dòng)的，完成的：the flowers gathered this morning（早晨采的

6、花）1. 作表語(yǔ): The news is very exciting. / They are very excited at the news.2. 作定語(yǔ): Dont disturb the sleeping child. / The arrested thief will be sentenced soon.3. 作賓補(bǔ): He likes to sit on the beach and watch the seagulls flying. / The work left everyone exhausted.注： 有些動(dòng)詞如see, hear, feel, notice, watch等

7、既可跟現(xiàn)在分詞，也可跟不帶to的不定式作復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。它們的區(qū)別在于：現(xiàn)在分詞著重說(shuō)明動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生；不定式著重說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程I saw the boys climbing the wall. 我看見(jiàn)孩子在爬墻。I saw the boys climb the wall. 我看見(jiàn)孩子爬墻了。4. 作狀語(yǔ): They stood there waiting for the busHearing the knock on the door, they stopped talking.Asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful fi

8、lm.Compare: 1. _ (follow) the old man, we went upstairs 2. _ (follow) by the old man, we went upstairs. 三、 動(dòng)名詞 （V-ing） 1.作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)往往表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作, 在口語(yǔ)中也可以表示具體的動(dòng)作。如： Seeing is believing. / My hobby is collecting stamps.注：在 “It is no use (good)”等習(xí)慣表達(dá)法中，常用形式主語(yǔ) “it”It is no use quarreling with her. /

9、Is it worthwhile trying again?2. 作賓語(yǔ) 在allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，如果有名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)，則構(gòu)成“allowadviseforbidpermit 名詞代詞不定式（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）”之形式。如： We dont allow_ (smoke) here We dont allow anybody _ (smoke) here3. 作介詞賓語(yǔ)Have you got used to working on the night shift（值班）?Children are fond of reading detecti

10、ve stories.注某些習(xí)慣用法中，常省略介詞，僅保留動(dòng)名詞He is busy (in) preparing a report. They spent a lot of time (in) making preparation.We had great difficulty / trouble (in) finding his house. 非 謂 語(yǔ) 動(dòng) 詞 需要注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題:（一）、不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)一般的結(jié)構(gòu)為for+名詞+不定式，如：It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese. I found it impossible _

11、him to do the job alone.但在表示人物性格，特征等的形容詞后kind, brave, careful, clever, foolish, honest, kind, polite, rude, stupid, wise，常用of引出不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，如：It was wise of him to do that. It was very brave _ him to catch the thief.（二）、 不定式的主動(dòng)式還是被動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，當(dāng)句中出現(xiàn)的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，用主動(dòng)式I have a meeting to attend. The teacher

12、 gave John a book to read,若不定式動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者不是上述情況，而是其他人，用被動(dòng)態(tài)： Here are the clothes to be washed（三）、有些動(dòng)詞雖然既可跟不定式又可跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但意義差別較大如；a) remember to do （記住要做某事）, remember doing（記得曾做過(guò)某事）b) forget to do （忘記要做某事）, forget doing （忘記曾做過(guò)某事）c) regret to do （因要做某事感到不安）, regret doing（因做了某事感到后悔）（四）、分詞做表語(yǔ)有兩種情況，一種是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語(yǔ)，一

13、種是過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)，這兩者區(qū)別是考試中經(jīng)?？嫉降牡胤?。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到”都用-ed形式。這類詞常見(jiàn)的有：interesting令人感興趣的 -interested感到有趣的； exciting令人激動(dòng)的 -excited感到激動(dòng)的delighting令人高興的 -delighted感到高興的； disappointing令人失望的 -disappointed感到失望的（五）、admit, advise, avoid, cant help, consider, delay, deny, escape, enjoy, finish, feel like,

14、imagine, mind, practise, risk, suggest等動(dòng)詞以及所有帶介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面只能跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)。The boy was lucky enough to escape being punished.（六）、look forward to, pay attention to, stick to, devote to, make contributions to, get/be used to, object to中的to是介詞，因而其后接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)，不要誤用動(dòng)詞不定式。(1) Im looking forward to seeing you again.(2)

15、Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to setting up some schools for poor children.（七）、主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義 動(dòng)詞want, need, require后作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式。這時(shí)句中的動(dòng)名詞與句子的主語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。例：The TV set wants ( / needs / requires) fixing. = The TV set wants ( / needs / requires) to be fixed. 形容詞worth后接的v -ing的主動(dòng)形式。例：The fi

16、lm is worth seeing. 某些作表語(yǔ)的形容詞（如easy, difficult, hard等）后接的不定式主動(dòng)形式。例： This question is easy to answer.（To answer this question is easy.）語(yǔ)法填空 - 高考真題回顧（一）、全國(guó)卷：真題再練： 在下列各句空白處填入所給詞的正確形式，并說(shuō)明理由。1.(2015卷I68) Yangshuo is really beautiful. A study of travelers _ (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yang

17、shuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 2.(2015卷I70) Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people _ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.3.(2015卷II61) The adobe dwellings(土坯房) _ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Sou

18、thwest are admired by4.(2015卷II64) In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without _ (use) electric equipment.5.(2015卷II66) When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _ (cool) the

19、house during the hot day. 6.(2014卷I65) But the river wasnt changed in a few days or even a few months. It took years of work _ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. 7.(2014卷I68) While there are _ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and r

20、equire a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. 8.(2014卷II41) One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about _ (be) late for school. 9.(2014卷II43) There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and _ (disappoint).10.(2014卷II46) I h

21、eard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused _(stop) until we reached the next stop. 語(yǔ)法填空 - 強(qiáng) 化 訓(xùn) 練 用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：1. We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ (think) that all children like these things. (05全國(guó)二)2. _ (face) with a difficult situation,

22、 Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. （05北京春招）3. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _ (go ) on.（05北京）4. With everything he needed _ (buy), he left the supermarket.5. With too much work _( do ), I cant go out with you.6. The building _ (build) now will be a restaurant.7. The building

23、_ (build) next year will be a restaurant.8. The building _ (build) last year is a restaurant.9. Dont sit there_ (do) nothing. Come and help me with this table.10. All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to _ (receive) in time for Christmas.11. Lessons _(learn) in sports can help us in our d

24、ealing with other people.12. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _ (collect) coins also gives him great pleasure.13. Eugene is never willing to change his mind. Its no use _ (argue) with him.14. He was the only foreigner _( get ) such an honor yesterday.15. I cant stand _(work) with Jane in the same

25、office. She just refuses _ (stop) talking while she works.短文錯(cuò)誤 - 高考真題回顧1. (2015新課標(biāo)卷II) After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found that 2. (2013新課標(biāo)卷II) Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner. 3.(2012新課標(biāo)卷) My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile,

26、 I found out that with more patience, I could make my toys to last. My attitude changed from then on.短文錯(cuò)誤- 強(qiáng) 化 訓(xùn) 練（1） David and I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car. （全國(guó)卷）（2） David pointed to a path which he thought would probably leading to a village. （全國(guó)卷）（3） I we

27、nt back to get David and helped him to stood up. （全國(guó)卷）（4） Charles and Linda Mason do all of these things as well as climbed building. （全國(guó)卷）（5） Modern people know more about health, have better food, and to live in clearer surroundings. （全國(guó)卷）（6） The World Health Organization and other organizations a

28、re working improve health all over the world. （7） you pay the cost of send a postcard， the librarian will write to you. （全國(guó)卷）（8） and let you to know when the book you want has returned（全國(guó)卷）（9） I want to thank you again for have me in your home for the summer holidays. （全國(guó)卷）（10） I had always wanted r

29、eturn to the village after moving away. （全國(guó)卷）（11） It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.（全國(guó)卷）（12） I look forward to hear from you soon. （全國(guó)卷）（13） Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives us a sense of . （全國(guó)卷）（14） I was oft

30、en a little tired after a days work and watch TV demands very little effort. （全國(guó)卷）（15） Id like very much come but I have an examination on Monday morning. （北京春季卷）（16） Ill spend the whole weekend reading and prepare for it. （北京春季卷）高中英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)-基礎(chǔ)篇參 考 答 案一、動(dòng)詞不定式: 4. 如，laugh 如，to write 5. to get 二、分詞 （一）V-in

31、g 形式 1. Being poor 2. playing 3. being disscussed 4. being left 5. Having worked （二）過(guò)去分詞 finished Seen 4. 作狀語(yǔ) 1. Following 2. Followed三、 動(dòng)名詞 2. smoking; to smoke需要注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題:（一）、不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ) for語(yǔ)法填空 - 高考真題回顧（一）、全國(guó)卷：1. conducted 2. living 3. built 4. using 5. to cool 6. to reduce 7. amazing 8. being 9. disappointed 10. to stop 語(yǔ)法填空 - 強(qiáng) 化 訓(xùn) 練用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：1. thinking 2. Face