1、,unit 21,Communication Workshop,Writing,A Discursive Essay,Should people in comas be kept on life support machines?,Terri had fallen into a coma in 1990 when a heart attack robbed her brain of oxygen causing permanent harm.,Terri Schiavos parents, have fought for eight years to keep their daughter a

2、live.,Terri Schiavos parents asked a judge Monday to allow the severely brain-damaged woman to divorce her husband.(February 28, 2005),WASHINGTON (CNN) - Terri Schiavo, the 41-year-old brain-damaged woman who became the centerpiece of a national right-to-die battle, died Thursday (March 31,2005) mor

3、ning, nearly two weeks after doctors removed the feeding tube that had sustained her for more than a decade.,Schiavos feeding tube was removed on March 18,2005,Exercise 2,Read the article. Match these headings with the paragraph A-D,1.conclusion ( D ) 2.what doctors know and dont know about comas (

4、B ) 3.introduction of the topic ( A ) 4.chances of recovery ( C ),Exercise 3,Complete the text with these linking words and phrases.,although, even though(2) however, therefore, while,Answer: 1. Even though 2. Even though 3. Although 4. Therefore 5. while 6. However,Now complete the sentences with t

5、he correct words from the brackets.,1. Even though he has taken lots of vitamin C, his cold hasnt gone away. 2. Although my dad rarely gets sick, he sometimes gets headaches. 3. People dont like the taste of the medicine. Therefore we give it to them by needle. 4. Ive broken bones before, however, t

6、his is the first time Ive broken my leg. 5. The older patients like to read in bed while the younger ones like to play with toys. 6. You cant take this medicine with meals or in the morning. Therefore you must take it before you eat dinner at night.,Exercise1 Rewrite the information below using thes

7、e words and expressions to join the two sentences.,although, even though, however, on the other hand, therefore Example: Although some people find the idea of taking people off life support machines terrible, others dont mind doing this if the patient doesnt improve after many years.,Answers:,1. Eve

8、n though some people find the idea of taking people off life support machines terrible, others dont mind doing this if the patient doesnt improve after many years. 2. Some people find the idea of taking people off life support machines terrible. However, others dont mind doing this if the patient do

9、esnt improve after many years.,Answers:,3. Some people find the idea of taking people off life support machines terrible, on the other hand, others dont mind doing this if the patient doesnt improve after many years. 4. Some people find the idea of taking people off life support machines terrible, t

10、herefore they would resist the idea even if the patient doesnt improve after many years.,Read the passage again and find out the arguments for and against the idea and what conclusions the author has drawn.,Should people in comas be kept on life support machines?,Reasons for it 1.Coma was only tempo

11、rary. 2.Life is sacred, which no one has the right to end,Reasons against for it A patients chances of recovery decline the longer they stay in a coma. Therefore, after 15 years, it was unlikely that Terri would ever recover. 2. Terri wouldnt have wanted to live on in this state.,Conclusion,1. In th

12、e case of long-term coma states, close family members should be allowed to take their loved one off life support machines. 2. Patients should receive the best treatment possible as long as there is hope of recovery.,Discussion: should smoking be banned?Work in groups to list as many arguments as pos

13、sible both for and against banning smoking.,arguments for banning smoking:,Government would save money on medical treatment. ,arguments against banning smoking:,Government would lose money from tax on cigarettes. ,全國(guó)煙草行業(yè)現(xiàn)有包括深圳、大連在內(nèi)的33家省級(jí)煙草專(zhuān)賣(mài)局和煙草公司，16家工業(yè)公司，57家卷煙工業(yè)企業(yè)，1000多家商業(yè)企業(yè)，以及煙葉、卷煙銷(xiāo)售、煙機(jī)、物資、進(jìn)出口等全國(guó)性

14、專(zhuān)業(yè)公司和其他一些企事業(yè)單位，全行業(yè)職工51萬(wàn)人。 (2004 年),2004年，累計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)工商稅利超過(guò)2100億元，其中實(shí)現(xiàn)工商稅金1414億元。 為增加國(guó)家財(cái)政積累、滿(mǎn)足市場(chǎng)消費(fèi)做出了積極貢獻(xiàn)。,Write a composition on the topic: should smoking be banned?,A Discursive Essay 1. introduction A short paragraph to introduce the topic. Give some background. 2. A list of arguments “for” Choose two or

15、 three main points. Give examples where possible. 3. A list of arguments “against” Choose two or three main points. Back up your arguments with examples. 4. conclusion Give your personal opinion about the topic.,語(yǔ)法填空 1. The recent case of an American woman, Terri Schiavo, whose husband won a legal b

16、attle to have her taken off life support machines after she spent 15 years in a coma-like state, has exposed the many sensitive legal and medical issues that surround the care of coma patients.,take,2. Terri had fallen into a coma in 1990 when a heart attack robbed her of oxygen causing permanent ha

17、rm. 3. People also fall into comas due to terminal illnesses like cancer, and head injuries, for example motorbike accidents when no helmet is worn. 4. Even though the patient may seem to be “awake” at times, their brain remains unconscious and cannot be woken up.,cause,consciousness,wake,5. Althoug

18、h doctors dont fully understand comas and the process of recovery, it is generally agreed that a patients chances of recovery decline the longer they stay in a coma. 6. When there is a minimum of harm to the brain and the coma is brief, patients often return to normal but with some loss of memory or

19、 other brain function.,full,agree,long,harmful,memorize,7. I agreed with the decision of the courts and medical institutions in the United States, that in the case of long-term coma states, close family members should be allowed to take their loved one off life support machines.,allow,love,Listening

20、,A TV Programme,Exercise 1,Look at the picture. What kind of programme do you think it is ?,a chat show a documentary a panel discussion a game show,Exercise 2,Listen and check your answer to Exercise 1. Then put these topics in the order they are mentioned.,Freezing dead bodies， Knowledge of the hu

21、man brain， Long life,Order: 1.knowledge of the human brain 2.freezing dead bodies 3.long life,1.Our knowledge of the human brain will change medicine in the next five years or so . 2.Theres no doubt that it will help us to cure all sorts of illnesses. 3.This is very important because we could cure d

22、iseases. 4.We will be able to cure many common diseases, like certain kinds of cancer and heart disease. 5.We can change processes, but we cant reverse them. 6.By the year 2020,over 20 percent of the population in developed countries will be over 80.,Listen again. Complete each statement from Dr. Ca

23、rtwright with a few words.,Exercise 3,1,2,2,3,4,5,6,7,Listening,Situational Dialogues,Listen to the dialogues and circle the correct answers.,1. How is the Professor in the first dialogue feeling? a) angry b) impressed c) relaxed 2. The student thinks his low mark is_. a) deserved b) unfair c) due t

24、o his professors mistake 3. How does the farmer feel about his new tractor? a) proud b) jealous c) unhappy 4. The farmer is _ that his friend knew the tractor was new. a) happy b) angry c) surprised,5. How does the farmers friend feel? a) happy b) angry c) surprised 6. The owner of the spade is _ th

25、at his spade is made of aluminium. a) pleased b) doubtful c) surprised,Speaking: A Discussion,Exercise 1 Listen to two people discussing genetic engineering. How would you describe Tom and Jans opinions on the subject:,Strongly in favour?,Strongly against?,In favour but with some concerns?,Tom,Jan,E

26、xercise 2,Listen again and match these words with the colloquial expressions.,look at the facts, I disagree, am sure, not in any circumstances completely unacceptable or absurd, from the beginning,1.From the word go 2.They dont care two hoots about 3.I bet you would 4.I wouldnt touch it with a bargep