1、The Verb -ed,動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞,1.過(guò)去分詞/-ed分詞與過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)/-ed分詞短語(yǔ)的句法功能,-ed分詞與-ed分詞短語(yǔ)可作定語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)等句子成分。,2.-ed分詞（短語(yǔ)）作定語(yǔ),-ed分詞常被用來(lái)做名詞的前置定語(yǔ)。及物動(dòng)詞的-ed分詞作前置定語(yǔ)通常帶有被動(dòng)含義，而相應(yīng)的 ing分詞作前置定語(yǔ)則有主動(dòng)含義。,Compare:,eg.a talk,a machine,language,a bird,recorded,recording,spoken,speaking,*不及物動(dòng)詞的-ed分詞也可以作名詞修飾語(yǔ)（定語(yǔ)）， 但這種-ed 分詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)的含義，只有完成的意

2、義；反之，-ing 分詞作名詞修飾語(yǔ)/定語(yǔ)則表主動(dòng)和正在進(jìn)行的意義。,eg. fallen leaves（完成；無(wú)被動(dòng)）,falling leaves （主動(dòng)；正在進(jìn)行）,the sun （完成；無(wú)被動(dòng)）,the sun （主動(dòng)；正在進(jìn)行）,a country （完成；無(wú)被動(dòng)）,a country （主動(dòng)；正在進(jìn)行）,risen,rising,developed,developing,*-ed分詞作定語(yǔ)通常帶有其他成分， 這種-ed分詞結(jié)構(gòu)/短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，經(jīng)常與定語(yǔ)從句相互替換著用。,eg. The gases sent into the air by the chemical wo

3、rks are poison.,(that are),eg.This is the most interesting story ever heard of.,eg.The fish caught yesterday was still alive.,eg.The trees of friendship planted by the foreign visitors are growing well.,(that is),(which was),(which were),_ yesterday The meeting _ now (hold) _ tomorrow is very import

4、ant. (hold),held,being held,to be held,3.-ed分詞作表語(yǔ),-ed分詞作表語(yǔ)多表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)（心情或感覺），被動(dòng)和完成的特點(diǎn)不是很明顯。,eg. She looked,eg. Dont get,eg. She seemed quite at the idea.,disappointed.,excited.,delighted,能這樣使用的-ed 分詞有：,disappointed discouraged frightened astonished interested amused,satisfied surprised crowded please

5、d puzzled worried,excited unexpected,drunk dressed/undressed,這類詞實(shí)際上已經(jīng)變成了形容詞，用來(lái)表示“感覺.”。,有些-ed分詞用作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，構(gòu)成的謂語(yǔ)很接近被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。,被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)與-ed分詞作表語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)主要差別是：被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作或行為，而帶表語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或當(dāng)時(shí)所處的狀態(tài)。,帶表語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：,The book is well written.,帶被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：,The book was written by a soldier.,He was injured in the leg.,He had been inj

6、ured twice that year.,帶表語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：,帶被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的句子：,The library is now closed.,It is usually closed at 6：00.,The ground is covered with snow.,This point has not been covered yet.,4.-ed 分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),-ed 分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，-ed分詞通常表示被動(dòng)/完成/被動(dòng)和完成的意義。,eg. We should make ourselves _ when talking,eg. We found him,gone.,understo

7、od,eg. We found her greatly changed.,eg. Please keep us of the last development.,eg. The viewers wish the serial film (to be),informed,accomplished .,要求用-ed分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有三類： 感官動(dòng)詞see/hear/watch/notice/observe/find/feel 等。 When he arrived home, Tom found his dog killed . 2.使役動(dòng)詞：have/get/let/keep/leave等

8、 Your car works much better now. Have you got/had it repaired? 3.表示“認(rèn)為”“想要”“宣布”“命令”等：think/consider; want/like/wish;declare; order. Do you considered her examined ?,5.-ed分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ),-ed分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)可表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、伴隨狀況等意義，這種-ed的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)通常相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句,有時(shí)候也可以改成省略結(jié)構(gòu)。,如表示原因：,Greatly surprised, he couldnt say a word.,Scol

9、ded by the teacher, the girl felt unfair.,(As he was),(Because she was),表示時(shí)間：,completed, the canal運(yùn)河，溝渠 will connect the river with the lake.,Seen from the hill, the town looks magnificent壯麗的.,(When it is),(When it is),表示條件：,Coated給涂上 with sugar, bananas will taste better.,Given more time, I would h

10、ave done much better.,(If they are),(If I had been),表示讓步：,Even if invited, I wouldnt go.,Though defeated again and again, they went on fighting.,(I were),(they were),表示伴隨狀況：,He stared at me, astonished.,Einstein walked along the street, lost in thought.,(and he was),(and he was),1. Most of the artis

11、ts _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 2. As soon as she entered the room, the girl caught sight of the flowers _ by her mother. buying B. being bought C. were bought D. bought,5. Dont use words, expressions or phrases _ only to people

12、with specific knowledge. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 6. The computer center,_ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened,Prices of daily goods _on the internet can be lower than store prices. are bought B.

13、bought C. been bought D. buying,7. Cleaning women in big cities get _ by the hour. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay 8. As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed,9. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing

14、. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating 10. Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you cant have time to _ before the party. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change,鞏固練習(xí) 1. The students, _ at the way the question was put, didnt know how to answer it. being surprised B. surprising C. surp

15、rised D. having surprised 2. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written,3. Look at the note_ to the door, you will see that someone paid a visit when we are away. pinning B. pinned C. bein

16、g pinned D. is pinned 4. I was very _ to find all the tickets had been sold out when I got there. disappoint B. to disappoint C. disappointing D. disappointed,5.- A woman was killed. - Where is the body of the _ woman? murder B. murdered C. murdering D. having murdered 6. _ English is as important a

17、s _ English. Written; spoken B. Writing; spoke C. To write; speaking D. Written; speaking,7. _ with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared,9. When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success

18、. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced,10. Friendship is like money: easier made than _. A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. being kept,11. He had his leg _ when playing football. A. break B. to break C. breaking D. broken,12. With the homework _, he was allowed to watch the football match. A. finished B. finishing C. to finish D. to be finished,13. With his finger _ to the