1、GrammarModule 1一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進行時1一般現(xiàn)在時的用法1 用于敘述現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作，常與often, always, sometimes, every day, on Sundays 等表示頻度的時間狀語連用。I have breakfast at 7 every morning. 我每天七點吃早飯。He goes swimming on Sundays. 每周日他都去游泳2 表示現(xiàn)階段存在的狀態(tài)，特征或心理活動。I like playing basketball. 我喜歡打籃球。3 用于描述客觀事實或真理。The sun rises in the east and

2、sets in the west. 太陽東升西落。4 表示主語具備的性格，能力或特征。 This taxi driver knows the city of Beijing like the back of his hand. 這位司機對北京城了如指掌。5 在時間，條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。I will write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai. 我一到上海就給你寫信。If it doesnt rain tomorrow, well go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我們就去公園。6 按照時刻表，日程表發(fā)生的事情也常用一

3、般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。The plane takes off at 8 oclock and lands at 11 oclock. 2現(xiàn)在進行時1 描述現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作。We are watching TV我們正在看電視。 What are you reading now? 你在讀什么書2 有時也可以用來代替一般現(xiàn)在時，描述一個經(jīng)常性的動作，常與always, continually, constantly, forever等表示頻度的副詞連用，表示經(jīng)常，反復的動作，表達厭煩，不滿贊揚等情感。They are always helping each other 他們總是互幫互助（贊美）He is a

4、lways asking silly questions . 他總是問些無聊的問題 （厭煩）3 可以表示一段時間內(nèi)在進行的動作，雖然此時此刻可能不再進行，常與表示一段時間的時間狀語 these days, this week等連用。He is writing a novel these days. 這些天他正在寫小說。 More and more people are giving up smoking.越來越多的人在戒煙。4 現(xiàn)在進行時可以描述即將發(fā)生的動作。常用于一些表示位置移動的詞 begin, start , leave , come , go, arrive, stay等。 I am

5、 meeting my friend this afternoon. 今天下午我要去見朋友。 The train is leaving soon. 火車馬上就要離開了。 5 表示一種漸變的過程。It is getting warmer and warmer. 天氣越來越暖和了。 She is finding that physics is more and more difficult than chemistry. 她漸漸發(fā)現(xiàn)物理越來越比化學難了。 鞏固練習1 If it _ tomorrow, Ill go by car. A rain B rains C. will rain D. wo

6、uld rain . 2 He _ watching TV at home. A likes B. is liking C. like D. has liked. 3 Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the new future. A cut B are cut C are being cut D. had been cut 4 - When did he go to America? - Oh, he _ there since half a year ag

7、o. A. went B has been C. has gone D. was 5 It was until then that I came to know that knowledge _ only from practice. A has come B comes C came D had come. Keys :1-5BACBB Module 2一.prefer(preferred/preferred/preferring) 更喜歡would rather do sth 寧愿做某事prefer A to B prefer doing A to doing Bprefer to do

8、A rather than do Bwould rather do A than do Bwould do A rather than do Bwould rather (that) sb did sth 寧愿某人做某事（用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在和將來） would rather (that) sb had done sth寧愿某人做某事（過去完成時表示過去的情況）二動名詞（v-ing）在句中常做主語，賓語和表語1英語中只跟動名詞作賓語而不跟不定式的動詞或動詞短語有：enjoy,finish,avoid,admit,practice,consider,imagine,keep,advise,sug

9、gest,appreciate,allow,permit,mind,miss等以及be good at be fond of lead to put off give up look forward to Feel like be/get used to be worth 等2下列動詞可跟不定式或動名詞 continue,stop,like,hate,prefer,love,remember,forget,regret,mean,require,want,need,try等注：（1）continue to do /continue doing 意義相同（2）like/love/hate/pre

10、fer 后跟動名詞表示通常的傾向；后跟不定式表示某一特定行為或還未發(fā)生的行為 （3）need/want/require表示“需要”時，need/want/require+doing sth = need/want/require+ to be done (4 ) 下列動詞后接不定式或動名詞意義不同：stop, remember, forget, regret, try, meanStop to do sth remember to do sth forget to do sthStop doing sth remember doing sth forget doing sthregret to

11、 do sth try to do sth mean to do sthregret doing sth try doing sth mean doing sth1. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct2. -You are brave enough to speak against him. -Well, now I regret _ that.A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. havin

12、g done3. There is something wrong with his bike. It really needs _. A. to repair B. repairing C. be repaired D. being repaired4. Lets stop _ and _ a rest. A. to work; have B. working; having C. to work; to have D. working; to haveKeys: BDBDModule 3一：過去分詞作定語1. 及物動詞的過去分詞作定語表示動作的被動和完成，單個的過去分詞作定語置于被修飾的名

13、詞前，而短語則位于名詞后。 廢棄的農(nóng)場_ 口語英語_ 與專家烹制的飯菜_abandoned farms , spoken English, meals cooked by experts 2. 不及物動詞的過去分詞無被動含義，只表示動作的完成。落葉_升起的太陽_-改變了的世界_退休的老師_fallen leaves, risen sun, changed world, retired teacher3.有些過去分詞失去了被動意義，而作形容詞，表示“感到-的”，現(xiàn)在分詞表示“令人-的”。 迷惑的表情_ 失望的孩子們_ 累了的人們_滿意的表情_puzzled expression, disappo

14、inted children , exhausted people, satisfied expression. 4. 過去分詞可構成合成詞作定語widely-used language school-run factoryman-made satellitehighly-developed industry 被廣泛應用的語言， 校辦工廠， 人造衛(wèi)星， 高度發(fā)達的工業(yè)注意：分詞修飾something,everything,anything,nothing,nobody等不定代詞或指示代詞those時，要放在這些詞的后面。 He is one of those invited.練習：1. The

15、re was an _ look on his face when the actress appeared.A excited B excite C exciting D excitedly 2. Its wrong for the _countries to control the world. A development B developing C developed D develop3. A metal _ uranium gives off a kind of radiation. A calling B called C is called D which is calling

16、 4. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than sore price. A are bought B bought C been bought D which is calling 練習：A C B B Module 41.現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài),但其結果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系,也就是說,動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在. 2.現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況,常與for,since連用. 3. 現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用,如already

17、, yet, just, before,recently, lately等: 4. 現(xiàn)在完成時常常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等: 5. 現(xiàn)在完成時還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用,如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等: 6. 現(xiàn)在完成時表示現(xiàn)在之前業(yè)已完成的動作,雖然其效果或

18、影響仍然存在但已不再繼續(xù),但是有一些現(xiàn)在完成時的句子,在后面加上for+一段時間,則現(xiàn)在完成時的動作就表示延續(xù)性. Module 5比較等級：1) 倍數(shù)的表示方法（half, double, twice, times）倍數(shù) + as + 形容詞 +as 倍數(shù) + 形容詞的比較級 +than倍數(shù) + the size (length ,width ,height, depth) of2)“越來越”的表示方法比較級 + and + 比較級(不與其它事物相比,表示本身程度的改變) e.g. Its getting brighter and brighter.“The+比較級+of the two”,

19、 表示兩者之中“較的一個更”.Who wants the bigger of the two?the + 比較級（+主語 + 謂語），the + 比較級（+主語 +謂語）The closer you are, the more you will see.3）可修飾比較級的詞: a bit, a little , rather, much, far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even必須放在比較級形容詞或副詞的前面Come a bit closer.We need rather more than that.It weighs a

20、 little more than before.Itll be a lot heavier than magnesium.Is it any heavier?We need a piece which is much bigger than that.Module 6一、冠詞的分類：二、定冠詞的用法。 1.定冠詞特指某(些)人或某(些)事物,以區(qū)別于同類中其他的人或事物。 2.定冠詞用來指上文中已提到過的人或事物。 3.定冠詞用于表示世界上獨一無二的事物或用于自然界現(xiàn)象或方位名詞之前。如：thesun，themoon，theearth，thesky，theworld，thewinternig

21、ht4.定冠詞與單數(shù)名詞連用,表示這一類人或物。 5. 用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或兩者之間比較及only, very, same 等形容詞前。 6. 與形容詞或分詞連用表示一類人或一種抽象概念。如：the poor窮人; the young 年輕人； the false 謬論；the true真理 7. 用于表示樂器的名詞前面。 8. 用于姓氏的復數(shù)前， 表示一家人。 9. 用于逢十的復數(shù)名詞之前，指世紀的某個年代。 10. 用于有些國家和民族的形容詞之前，泛指這個國家和民族的全體人員。如： the Japanese日本人，the French法國人， _英國人三、 不使用冠詞的情況 1. 國名，人名前通常不用定冠詞：England，Mary；2. 泛指的復數(shù)名詞，表示一類人或事物時，可不用定冠詞；3. 抽象名詞表示一般概念時，通常不加冠詞；4. 物質(zhì)名詞表示一