1、Noun-clauses,請(qǐng)?jiān)囍瓿梢韵戮渥樱?Knowing _ reduces the risks of failure and it works like an insurance policy for your own ability. (do) 知道你正在干什么，能降低失敗的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，這就像給自己的能力買(mǎi)了份保險(xiǎn)。 (2013湖北卷71) 2. The police will reward _ useful information to catch the robber. (provide) 任何人提供有用信息幫助抓住劫匪，警方將予以獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。（2014湖北卷74）,what you are

2、 doing,whoever provides/ has provided,請(qǐng)問(wèn)以上句子考查什么語(yǔ)法知識(shí)？,1.什么是名詞性從句？ 2.名詞性從句有哪些？,1.什么是名詞性從句？,用一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)名詞（代詞）功能叫名詞性從句。 在主句中它常作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)。,The truth is true. (true 作表語(yǔ)) The truth is that he has never been to the countryside.(that 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句) Mr. Zhang is a kind person. (Zhang 是Mr.的同位語(yǔ)) The fact that deeds ar

3、e better than words is quite clear. (that 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句),為什么叫名詞性從句？ _,整個(gè)從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞,比較:,The man looked around. That the boy failed again in the exam disappointed his mother.,同樣作主語(yǔ)，從句可以表示較復(fù)雜的含義,一般是個(gè)動(dòng)作或性質(zhì),I know him. I know that he is writing his composition in his room,2. 為什么要有名詞性從句？,那人看了看四周. (名詞作主語(yǔ)),那孩子考試又不

4、及格令他母親很失望. (從句作主語(yǔ)),我知道他在房間里寫(xiě)作文.,從句的特征:,是一個(gè)句子,有一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞,引導(dǎo)詞做從句的一個(gè)成分 (that 除外),名詞能做的成分,從句都能做,從句表達(dá)的意思比名詞復(fù)雜得多,名詞性從句有哪些？,1.主語(yǔ)從句 2.賓語(yǔ)從句 3.表語(yǔ)從句 4.同位語(yǔ)從句,名詞性從句,主語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句,同位語(yǔ)從句,主語(yǔ)從句在句中做- 賓語(yǔ)從句在句中做- 表語(yǔ)從句在句中做- 同位語(yǔ)從句在句中-,主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),同位語(yǔ),1. That he will come is certain.,2. I know that he will come.,3. The truth is

5、that I have been there.,4. The fact that she was late surprised us.,名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的選定？,單看從句內(nèi) 1.成份齊全或意思清楚用that； 2.成份缺少主、賓、表用what； 3.根據(jù)句意缺什么疑問(wèn)詞補(bǔ)什么疑問(wèn)詞。,1.（2014北京卷）30. The best moment for the football star was _ he scored the winning goal. A. where B. when C. how D. why 2. （2014北京卷）33.Some people believe _ ha

6、s happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. A. whateverB. whenever. C. wherever D. however 3. （2014大綱卷）24. Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. A. whether B. why C. when D. how 4. （2014福建卷）34. Pick yourself up. Cou

7、rage is doing youre afraid to do. A. that B. what C. how D. whether 5. （2014湖南卷）24. As John Lennon once said，life is_ happens to you while you are busy making other plans. A. which B. that C. whatD. where,6.（2014江蘇卷）26.What a mess! You are always so lazy! Im not to blame, mum. I am _ you have made m

8、e. howB. whatC. thatD. who 7. （2014山東卷）7. It is difficult for us to imagine_ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. where B. what C. which D. why 8. （2014四川卷）2. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, Thats _ I was born. when B. how C. why D. where 9. （2014天津卷）14. I think _ impresses me ab

9、out his painting is the colors he uses. what B. that C. which D. who 10. （2014浙江卷 ）8. “Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is _ my mother used to tell me. A. what B. how C. that D. whether,名詞性從句的幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu),1.形式主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)； 2.名詞性從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別； 3.wh-ever與no matter-wh; 4.名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。,用形式主語(yǔ) it 的主語(yǔ)從句常見(jiàn)

10、結(jié)構(gòu),It is clear (necessary, important, possible, remarkable that 很清楚（必要, 重要,可能, 值得注意等),It is a fact (a good thing, good news) that 事實(shí)是 ( 好事是,好消息是),It is well-known ( reported, recorded, estimated, said, believed) that眾所周知( 據(jù)報(bào)道,據(jù)記載,據(jù)說(shuō),據(jù)估計(jì)),It turns out ( seems, happens, appears) that 結(jié)果是 ( 似乎是, 碰巧是, 好

11、象是),It has been found (has been proved, can be seen, must be pointed out) that 已發(fā)現(xiàn)( 已證明,可以看出,需指出),1.形式主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),用 it 句型翻譯:,據(jù)說(shuō)他來(lái)自武漢。 2.眾所周知, 閆志是我們市最富有的人。 3.養(yǎng)成好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣是很重要的。,It is said that he comes from Wuhan.,It is well-known that Mr. Yan Zhi is the richest person in our city.,It is important that we (sho

12、uld) form a good habit of studying.,4.真奇怪他今天竟然遲到了.,It is strange that he should be late today.,5.我討厭人們說(shuō)話時(shí)嘴里塞滿東西。 I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.,形式賓語(yǔ)情況與形式主語(yǔ)類(lèi)似，不再贅述。,2.同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別,同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句比較容易混淆，特別是當(dāng)連接詞都是that 時(shí)更是如此。一般說(shuō)來(lái)：定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞在從句中應(yīng)充當(dāng)相應(yīng) 成份，如：主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)；而同位語(yǔ)從句的連接詞只是起引 導(dǎo)提示作用，在從句中并

13、不充當(dāng)任何成份。,The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. 我們隊(duì)取得決賽勝利的消息令人鼓舞。 （同位語(yǔ)從句） The news that you told us is really encouraging. 你告訴我們的消息真的令人鼓舞。 （定語(yǔ)從句）,1.The suggestion _ is worth considering. (practical) 學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實(shí)用的東西的建議值得考慮。 2.The suggestion _is that the students should learn somet

14、hing practical. 值得考慮的建議是學(xué)生應(yīng)該學(xué)些實(shí)用的東西。,that students should learn something practical,that is worth considering,3.wh-ever 與no matter -wh,1.wh-ever可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句和狀語(yǔ)從句，而no matter wh只能引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句； 2.判斷是那種從句的辦法是：去掉從句部分，如果成份齊全或意思清楚為狀語(yǔ)從句，否則是名詞性從句。 例如： （1）_I approach her, she always tries to avoid me, pretending not t

15、o have seen me at all. 不管我什么時(shí)候接近她，她總是試圖躲避，假裝根本沒(méi)看見(jiàn)我。 (2)The police will reward _useful information to catch the robber. 任何人提供有用信息幫助抓住劫匪，警方將給予獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。,Whenever/No matter when,whoever,_, as long as I am with nature, I dont care. （hard） 無(wú)論旅游是多么艱辛，只要我和大自然在一起，我都不在乎。 2.Under wood in the popular US drama series

16、House of Cards used his won power to get rid of _. (stand) 流行美劇紙牌屋中的安德伍德利用手中擁有的權(quán)力掃除 一切當(dāng)路人。,However/ No matter how hard the trip is,whoever stood in his way,4.名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,(1) 在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(should) +do,常用的句型有:I. It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that. II. It is

17、a pity(a shame, no wonder, etc.) that. III. It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that.如: It is strange that she (should) think so.,(2) 表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令、要求、堅(jiān)持等及物動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,常用的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有suggest, propose, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等。如: I insist that she (should) do her w

18、ork alone. (3) 主語(yǔ)是suggestion, proposal, request, decision等表示建議、請(qǐng)求、要求、決定等意思的詞時(shí),表語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(should) +do。如: His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question.,(4) 表示建議、請(qǐng)求、命令、要求、決定等意思的名詞后面的同位語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(should)+do。如: They received orders that the work(should)be done

19、at once.,此處只是列出，在虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)再詳講,1. _, you should insist on going after your dream. (go) 無(wú)論你會(huì)經(jīng)受什么樣的困難，你都應(yīng)該追逐你的夢(mèng)想。 2When you are older I think youre better equipped mentally to cope with _. (happen) 你年齡再大一些后，我想你就會(huì)有更強(qiáng)的心理承受能力來(lái)面對(duì)所發(fā)生的任何事情。,請(qǐng)按要求完成下列句子,Whatever difficulty you will go through,whatever happens,3. _

20、 was that if students were not brought up in a pleasant environment, they would get into many bad habits. (concern) 最使老師們擔(dān)心的是，若學(xué)生沒(méi)有好的成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境，就容易染上許多惡習(xí)。,What concerned the teachers most,4. As he is always careful with everything, we are now uncertain about _.(take) 由于他對(duì)任何事都小心謹(jǐn)慎，所以我們現(xiàn)在還不確定他是否會(huì)冒這次風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。,whet

21、her he will take this chance/risk,請(qǐng)按要求完成下列句子,5. She never makes reflections on herself. On the contrary, she is always finding fault with others, which is _. (lie) 她從不自省，相反，她總是對(duì)別人很挑剔，這就是問(wèn)題所在。 6.Faced with challenges, you should believe your courage is _. (make) 面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，你應(yīng)該相信你的勇氣是發(fā)揮很大作用的因素。 7._does matter in case of emergency.