1、專題八名詞性從句,名詞性從句思維流程,知識(shí)點(diǎn)一主語從句,1.主語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語。引導(dǎo)主語從句的詞如下： who, that, which, what, when, where, how, whether，why, whoever, whichever, whatever等。 What I want to drink is coffee. 我想喝的是咖啡。 That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time. 長久以來我聽到的最好的消息就是你要來倫敦。 When they will co

2、me hasnt been made public. 他們來的時(shí)間沒有公布。,2.whoever, whatever, whichever引導(dǎo)的主語從句： whoever相當(dāng)于anyone who，表明泛指關(guān)系，表示“任何的人都”。 whatever相當(dāng)于anything that。 whichever意為“無論哪個(gè)，無論哪些”。既可指人，也可指物；既可單獨(dú)使用，也可修飾名詞，也可跟of短語連用。 Whoever comes will be welcome. 誰來都會(huì)歡迎。 Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 在這里所說的一切都要保密。 Wh

3、ichever book you choose doesnt matter to me. 你選哪本書不關(guān)我的事。,3.(1)it作形式主語，從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的從句作真正的主語。,Itbe形容詞(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable等)that從句。 It isnt likely that I should accept such an offer as that. 我不可能接受像那樣的幫助。 Itbe名詞詞組(no wonder, an

4、honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise等)that從句。 Its no surprise that our team has won the game. 我們隊(duì)獲勝一點(diǎn)都不令人吃驚。,Itbe過去分詞(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged等)that從句。 It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday. 會(huì)議被推遲到下周一召開已經(jīng)定下來了。 It動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞短語(seem, appe

5、ar, happen, matter, turn out, occur to, make no difference等)that從句。 It suddenly occurred to her that Joe was afraid of being alone. 她突然想到喬害怕獨(dú)自一個(gè)人呆著。,(2)it作形式主語，連接代詞、連接副詞或whether/if引導(dǎo)的主語從句作真正的主語。 It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have

6、 taken it. 盡管大約兩千名患者已經(jīng)服用了這種藥，但是它會(huì)帶來什么樣的副作用還不清楚。 It is not immediately clear whether the financial crisis will soon be over. 經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)是否會(huì)很快結(jié)束，短時(shí)間內(nèi)不會(huì)很明顯。,(1)what與that在引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別。 what引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語、賓語、表語，而that引導(dǎo)從句，不充當(dāng)成分。 What you said yesterday is right.你昨天說的是對的。 (what引導(dǎo)主語從句，作said的賓語) That she is st

7、ill alive is a consolation.她還活著真是一件令人慰藉的事情。(that引導(dǎo)主語從句，不作任何成分，但不可省略),(2)主語從句若含有“是否”意義，其引導(dǎo)詞只能用whether，不能用if。 Whether he will be able to come tomorrow remains a question.他明天是否能來仍然是個(gè)問題。 what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，必須在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主、賓、表等成分，意為“的事或東西”，一般也不能用逗號(hào)和主句分割開來，插入語除外。,1.It is still under discussion _ the old bus station sh

8、ould be replaced with a modern hotel or not. 答案whether句意：那個(gè)舊公交車站是否應(yīng)該被一家現(xiàn)代化賓館所取代仍在討論中?？疾槊~性從句?！癐t”作形式主語， “_ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not”作真正的主語。根據(jù)句意及題干中的“or not”可知答案為whether，“whether.or not”在名詞性從句中意為：是否。,2._ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imaginat

9、ion of the writer. 答案What本題考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：使這本書如此與眾不同的是作者創(chuàng)造性的想象力。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，_makes the book so extraordinary為主語從句，從句缺少主語，要用What引導(dǎo)。,我們隊(duì)比賽獲勝使我們很高興。 【誤】Our team won the match pleased us very much. 【正】It pleased us very much that our team won the match. 【正】That our team won the match pleased us very much.

10、誤點(diǎn)：_,知識(shí)點(diǎn)二賓語從句,1.賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的詞有： that, what, whether, if, where, when, whatever，whoever等。 We must find out who did all this. 我們必須查明誰做了這個(gè)。 He said (that) he liked rain very much and that he wouldnt use an umbrella when it was raining. 他說他非常喜歡下雨，下雨天他都不愿用傘。,2.由whatever, whichever, whoever, wh

11、osever引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 You may do whatever you like. 你可以做任何你喜歡的事。 Return the book to whosever name is on it. 把書還給書上寫名字的人。,3.由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，要保持陳述句語序。此外， whether與if在作“是否”講時(shí)，一般可以換用，但在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if。 (1)引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞賓語時(shí)。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。 (2)從句后有or not時(shí)。 I

12、 wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他來還是不來。 (3)后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。 Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告訴我是去還是留嗎？,4.賓語從句中的形式賓語it。,在“及物動(dòng)詞賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語如果是由從句來擔(dān)任，則通常放在賓補(bǔ)的后面，用形式賓語it來代替它，此時(shí)，that一般不可省。 I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan. 我很清楚，我已下定決心實(shí)施這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。 I find it necessar

13、y that we should spend more time practising spoken English. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們花更多時(shí)間練習(xí)英語口語是必要的。,5.賓語從句中的虛擬語氣：,(1)desire愿望， demand要求，insist堅(jiān)決要求， order命令， request請求， suggest建議， propose提議，這些詞后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣。賓語從句的謂語形式： shoulddo，should可以省略。 He insisted that she (should) stay here for another week. 他堅(jiān)持要求她應(yīng)該在這再待一周。 They sug

14、gested that we (should) start at once. 他們建議我們立即開始。 (2)wish后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣。,一般情況下介詞后只能用wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句。 We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 注意： (1)where引導(dǎo)的從句有時(shí)也可用作介詞的賓語。 We could see the temple quite clearly from where we lived. (2)that引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞的賓語是很少有的，只有在except, in, but等介詞后偶爾可能用到

15、。 Your composition is quite good except that the organization is a bit loose.,The teacher can tell us if the meeting will be held tomorrow. 【誤】如果明天召開會(huì)議，老師會(huì)告訴我們。 【正】老師能告訴我們明天是否召開會(huì)議。 誤點(diǎn)：_,Many young people in the West are expected to leave _ could be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost entirel

16、y up to luck. 答案what考查名詞性從句。句意：許多西方年輕人都把人生中最主要的決定婚姻幾乎都?xì)w因?yàn)檫\(yùn)氣。what一詞作從句的主語，并引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作動(dòng)詞leave的賓語。,知識(shí)點(diǎn)三表語從句,在復(fù)合句中放在系動(dòng)詞之后，作表語的從句稱為表語從句?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be, look, remain, seem等。 1.表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有： that(不可省略), whether(不能換成if), what, who, which, how, why, when, where，whoever, wherever等。 The reason is that he missed

17、the early bus. 原因是他錯(cuò)過了早班車。,The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. 問題是我們是否可以在如此短的時(shí)間內(nèi)做好準(zhǔn)備。 Thats just what I want.那正是我想要的。 This is where our problem lies. 這就是我們的問題所在。,2.as if/as though, because, why引導(dǎo)表語從句。,It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。 This is why we

18、 missed the early bus. 這就是為什么我們錯(cuò)過了早班車。 Thats because he got up late. 那是因?yàn)樗鸫餐砹恕?I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything. 答案why考查表語從句。句意：我恐怕他是一個(gè)空談家而不是一個(gè)實(shí)干家，那就是他一事無成的原因。本文“which is.”引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)非限定性定語從句中有一個(gè)表語從句，根據(jù)句意用“why”引導(dǎo)。,他病了，這是由于他吃得太多的緣故。 【誤】He got ill; this wa

19、s why he had eaten too much. 【正】He got ill; this was because he had eaten too much. 誤點(diǎn)：_,知識(shí)點(diǎn)四同位語從句,1.同位語從句常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief等詞的后面，對前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步解釋、說明。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come? 你在哪兒聽說我不能來？ The problem whether we should continue to do th

20、e experiment hasnt been solved. 我們是否應(yīng)該繼續(xù)做實(shí)驗(yàn)這一問題還沒解決。,2.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：,同位語從句是對前面名詞的內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步的解釋、說明，引導(dǎo)詞只起引導(dǎo)作用，不在句中作任何成分，一般不可省略。定語從句是對前面名詞進(jìn)行修飾、限制，引導(dǎo)詞在句中作一定的句子成分。 The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 他們贏得比賽的消息很快就傳遍了整個(gè)學(xué)校。(同位語從句，進(jìn)一步解釋news的內(nèi)容) The news that you told me yester

21、day was really disappointing. 你昨天告訴我的消息真的很令人失望。(定語從句， 修飾news),(2013浙江，16)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the sports field. 答案that本題考查同位語從句。句意：通往最高水平的成功之路就是擁有堅(jiān)定的信念：在運(yùn)動(dòng)場上你比任何人都更棒。belief后所接的從句對其內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋說明，故為同位語從句，that表示陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，故用tha

22、t。,有消息說會(huì)議將在星期五舉行。 【誤】Words came that the meeting will be held on Friday. 【正】Word came that the meeting will be held on Friday. 誤點(diǎn)：_,易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1what與that在名詞性從句中的區(qū)別,(1)(2013天津， 15)_ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. 解析本題考查主語從句。句意：我想對你說的是我對父母親的深深的愛和尊重。句子謂語為is，之前為主語從句，從句中缺少

23、動(dòng)詞tell的直接賓語，指事物，故填what。 答案What,(2)(2013北京， 33)Experts believe _ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. 解析本題考查賓語從句。句意：專家們相信人們只在必須的時(shí)候購物就會(huì)浪費(fèi)更少的食物。動(dòng)詞believe之后為賓語從句，從句陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)完整，不缺少成分，故用that。 答案that,【即時(shí)小練】 (1)(2013煙臺(tái)模擬)Tell me something about your adventure in the rainforest,

24、please. We lost our way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall. 答案what；that第一空引導(dǎo)主語從句，并在從句中作主語，故用what；第二空引導(dǎo)表語從句，在從句中不作句子成分，故用that。句意：請跟我說說你在雨林中的冒險(xiǎn)經(jīng)歷吧。我們在森林里迷了路，更加糟糕的是天開始黑了。,(2)(2013臨沂模擬)After five days climbing in the mountain, they reached _ they thought was the place theyd

25、 been dreaming of. 答案what分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)： they thought為插入語。所填詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句并在從句中作主語，故用what。,以題說法 that在其引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句中只起引導(dǎo)作用，不作句子成分；而what在名詞性從句中起雙重作用，既作成分，又能引導(dǎo)句子。故做題的關(guān)鍵在于分析從句中是否缺少成分。 突破指南 分析句子成分是解題關(guān)鍵。在that/what間，若從句缺成分就選what，反之that。,易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2whatever與what; whoever與who的區(qū)別,(1)(2012福建，35)We promise _ attends the party a chance t

26、o have a photo taken with the movie star. 解析考查賓語從句的連接詞。句意：我們允諾向任何參加聚會(huì)的人提供一個(gè)和那位電影明星合影的機(jī)會(huì)。參加聚會(huì)的任何人whoeveranyone who, whoever引導(dǎo)的從句作promise的賓語，同時(shí)whoever又在從句中充當(dāng)主語。 答案whoever,(2)(2012遼寧， 34)The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _ he could find about Mark Twain. 解析考查賓語從句。介詞for后面加的

27、是賓語從句，且從句中find缺少賓語，所以用whatever。 答案whatever,【即時(shí)小練】 The employers often give the job to _ they believe has work experience with a strong sense of duty. 答案whoever考查賓語從句。句意：雇主們往往把工作給那些有工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)又有強(qiáng)烈責(zé)任感的人們。根據(jù)句意可知此處泛指并作主語，又因從句中謂語為has，故用whoever(anyone who)。,以題說法 在名詞性從句中，引導(dǎo)詞whatever, whoever均泛指，分別可轉(zhuǎn)換成anything that, anyone who并將其代入，這樣解題便輕松多了。 突破指南 wh-ever與wh-的區(qū)別是考查的難點(diǎn)，這需要同學(xué)細(xì)讀句意，分清語境是泛指還是特指。,易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3名詞性從句與其他從句混淆不清,(2013河北保定市期末調(diào)研)Were living in _ people call “Information Age”， so everything is possible. 解析句意：我們生活在信息時(shí)代，所以一切皆有可能。介詞in后跟賓語從句。在從句中動(dòng)詞call后缺賓語，故用what。 答案what,【即時(shí)小練】 There is much truth in the i