1、Period 4 Grammar & Function學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：1回顧一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行式和過去完成式的概念和基本結(jié)構(gòu)。2.自主學(xué)習(xí)，探究總結(jié)語法用法，學(xué)會分析與總結(jié)的方法并學(xué)以致用。3.惜時(shí)高效，感受進(jìn)一步鞏固加強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)語法的快樂。學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)：1.通過練習(xí)學(xué)以致用。2.掌握考核重點(diǎn), 練習(xí)鞏固情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+過去分詞的用法。 學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)：掌握過去完成式的用法。課前預(yù)習(xí)： Finish activities 14 about verb form on pages 1415.使用說明與學(xué)法指導(dǎo)：借助預(yù)習(xí)案中的語法講解，復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)三種時(shí)態(tài)的用法，完成時(shí)間25分鐘。教材助讀：I. Ask Ss

2、to match the sentences with the names of the tenses in Activity 1.(P14)II. Pair Work.III. Ask Ss to find more examples of each tense in Part 3 of the passage The Human Traffic Signal. (P14)past simplepast continuouspast perfect.Ask Ss to complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in Act

3、ivity4(P14). 課內(nèi)探究：質(zhì)疑解疑，合作探究質(zhì)疑探究：.Read the sentences and answer the questions, and tell the differences among them. (Activity2on P14). Complete the dialogue with the correct words and phrases.A: I visited China last yearB: That _ very interesting.A: Not really. I still had to look after a group of Fr

4、ench children who were visiting China.B: That _ easy!A: No, it was a nightmare.B: They _ have got lost, or had an accident.A: Yes, but luckily there were no disasters. I managed somehow.【歸納總結(jié)】一Grammar （1）一般過去時(shí)的考點(diǎn)分析（考核重點(diǎn)）。 一般過去時(shí)的基本用法：表示過去的事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常與表示過去具體的時(shí)間狀語連用（或有上下文語境暗示）；用于表達(dá)過去的習(xí)慣；表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到或希望

5、的事通常用過去式。如：I met her in the street yesterday.I once saw the famous star here.They never drank wine.I thought the film would be interesting, but it isnt. 如果從句中有一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間狀語，盡管從句中的動(dòng)作先于主句發(fā)生，但從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞連用過去式。Eg .He told me he read an interesting novel last night. 表示兩個(gè)緊接著發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常由以下詞語連接，用一般過去時(shí)。如：but, and, when

6、, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。Eg . The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her. He bought a watch but lost it. 在before或after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)代替過去完成時(shí)。After he (had)left the room, the boss came in.We arrived home before it snowed. 常用一般過去時(shí)的句型：Why didnt you / I think

7、 of that?I didnt notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.I didnt recognize him. （2）過去完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析（考核重點(diǎn)）。 在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示過去某一時(shí)間的短語或從句以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作常用過去完成時(shí)。如：By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached

8、the station. 表示曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/ though / wanted / expected等或用上述動(dòng)詞過去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped / planned + to have done?！皶r(shí)間名詞 + before”在句子中作狀語，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)；“時(shí)間名詞 + ago”在句中作狀語，謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去式。如：He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school

9、3 years ago. 表示“一就”的幾個(gè)句型：Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主語 +過去分詞 + when / than / before + 一般過去時(shí)。如：We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started. （3）過去將來時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析。參照一般將來時(shí)對比：用would do、was / were going to do sth.表過去將來；come、go、leave等過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表過去將來時(shí)；w

10、as / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表過去將來。 （4）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)考點(diǎn)分析。過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生。某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另一動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，其中一個(gè)在由when或while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中。 （5）注意幾組時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別： 一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：時(shí)間上有差異：凡有過去時(shí)間的均用過去時(shí)態(tài)，不能用完成時(shí)態(tài)，如含有ago、last year、just now、the other day等。結(jié)果上有差異：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對“現(xiàn)在”的影響和結(jié)果，動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在剛完成或還在繼續(xù)；一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去”，和現(xiàn)在毫

11、無關(guān)系。 過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)：過去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“過去的過去”；如出現(xiàn)同一主語連續(xù)幾個(gè)動(dòng)作（“連謂”）形式則只用一般過去時(shí)即可。當(dāng)堂檢測： (1) Are you a visitor here? Thats right. I_ round the world and now my dream of coming to China _ true.A. have traveled； has come B. was traveling； had been come C. am traveling； has come D. have traveled； has been come (2) _Bet

12、ty this morning? Not yet, but she is sure to be here before noon.A. Have you seenB. Will you seeC. Do you see D. Did you see (3) Jim talked for about half an hour yesterday. Never_ him talk so much.A.I heard B. did I hear C.I had heard D. had I heard (4) The children _very quiet； I wonder what they

13、_up to.A. were； are being B. are being； are C. are； do D. are being； do (5) Look at the black clouds. It _ soon. Sure. If only we_ out.A. is raining； didnt comeB. is to rain； wont startC. will rain； havent startedD. is going to rain； hadnt come (6) He_articles for our wall-newspaper these three year

14、s, and he _about forty articles.A. has been writing； has writtenB. has been writing； wroteC. is writing； has been writingD. has written； has written (7) She_ to the office than she got down to writing the report.A. has no sooner got B. had hardly gotC. no sooner got D. had no sooner got (8) When he

15、was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowledge_from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work.A. was coming B. had come C. comes D. would come (9) In this experiment, they are woken up several times during the night, and asked to report what they_.A. had just be

16、en dreamingB. are just dreamingC. have just been dreaming D. had just dreamt (10) Whats the matter? The shoes dont fit properly. They_my feet.A. are hurting B. will hurt C. have hurt D. are hurt 二、Function(“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have過去分詞”的用法)英語中, 表示對過去某種情況進(jìn)行推測或?qū)σ寻l(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)進(jìn)行推測時(shí), 常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must, may (might), can(could),

17、should (ought to), would等have過去分詞表示。依據(jù)說話人的語氣或推測的把握程度不同, 使用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也不同。1. musthave過去分詞表示對過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)的肯定判斷。用于肯定的陳述句中(在否定句及疑問句中用can代替must), 意思是“一定已經(jīng)”。 e.g. If he had really been there, I must have seen him. 2. can (could)have過去分詞表示對過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)的否定或疑問判斷。 Where can he have gone? 他可能去哪里了呢? Jim cant have b

18、een at home yesterday. 吉姆昨天不可能在家。 3. may/mighthave過去分詞 表示對過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)進(jìn)行的不肯定的推測, 語氣比使用can (could)弱。might的語氣比may更弱。 She may have read the book. He might not have got your letter.4. needhave過去分詞 常用于否定句, 表示過去做了不必做或不需要做的事情, 表示“本來不必”。 You neednt have told him the news. 你沒有必要告訴他那消息。5. should/ought tohave

19、過去分詞 肯定式表示“過去本應(yīng)做某事(但沒做)”;否定式表示“過去不該做某事(但做了)”,含有不滿或責(zé)備之意。 Youre right. I should have thought of that. She ought to have come earlier.6. wouldhave過去分詞 表示過去本來要做某事卻因某種原因未做, 用來說明某種情況, 不含有責(zé)備之意。 I would have written to you earlier but I have been ill. 我本來要早點(diǎn)給你寫信, 但我生病了。If I had seen the advertisement, I wou

20、ld have applied for the job. 我要是看見那個(gè)廣告了, 我就申請那份工作了。當(dāng)堂檢測：(1). John _ a better job, but he was too careless. A. should do B. must have done C. could do D. could have done(2). - I dont know why he is late.- Nor do I. He _ have had an accident. A. can B. should C. might D. must (3). He must have seen th

21、e inspector last night, _ he? A. mustnt B. hasnt C. didnt D. doesnt(4). -Mary looks sad. Did you tell her about the accident? -Yes, but I _ have told her. A. should B. shouldnt C. must D. ought to not(5). The playground is all wet. It _ rained last night. A. had B. can have C. should have D. must ha

22、ve (6). We _ have hurried. We had to wait twenty minutes before the meeting began. A. neednt B. should C. must D. couldnt (7). - Who told you my address? -I dont remember clearly. It _ Tom. -It _ Tom. He doesnt know it. A. may have been; cant be B. can be; mustnt be C. must have been; cant have been

23、 D. may have been; mustnt have been(8). John passed the exam. He didnt study very hard. The exam _ difficult. A. cant have been B. must have been C. couldnt be D. might have been(9). She _ have gone to college, but she didnt pass the exam. A. might B. would C. must D. need(10). It s already eleven o

24、clock. He _to bed. A.must have gone B.must go C. should have gone D. cant have gone課后反思: 課后訓(xùn)練：1.情景導(dǎo)學(xué)上的語法專練和高考鏈接2.下一課時(shí)的課前預(yù)習(xí)練習(xí)題課后學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo): 掌握并能正確運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞形式。Period 4 Grammar & Function教材助讀：一、Grammar: .1. past simple 2. past continuous3.past perfect . past simple: He had a close encounter with death. He came of

25、f the road at a bend.past continuous: He was working as a lorry driver. He was driving a lorry load of bananas.past perfect: He had been a miner and a soldier. a bus which had crashed at la curva del diablo. (1) had done (2 )was waiting (3) had seen/ saw (4) had asked/ asked （5）was crying (6) left (7) ran (8) was talking (9)had finished (10)did (