1、動(dòng)詞不定式的基本用法歸納,1,Unit 1,Revise the Infinitive,living well,2,一、動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)的形式 肯定式：to do sth 否定式：not to do sth. 被動(dòng)式：to be done 完成式：to have done,3,結(jié)構(gòu) : to do;(否定) not to do,二. 時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài),不定式,to do,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have been done,to have been doing,-,-,4,(1).They pretended not to see us.,(2). H

2、e pretended to be sleeping.,(3).She pretended to have known it before.,(一般式表示與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)/幾乎同時(shí)/發(fā)生在 它之后.),(進(jìn)行式表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的同時(shí),不定式的動(dòng)作 也正在進(jìn)行),(完成式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前),(4).Were happy to have been working with you.,(完成進(jìn)行式表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前,不定式的 動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行而且可能之后也繼續(xù)),5,1. 作主語(yǔ),2. 作賓語(yǔ),3. 作表語(yǔ),4. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),5. 作定語(yǔ),6. 作狀語(yǔ),7. 作獨(dú)立成分,8. 與疑問(wèn)詞

3、等連用,6,1.作主語(yǔ) A. 動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如： (1)To see is to believe. (2)To master English gives us much help in the study of science. B. 不定式或不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成“It is + 形容詞(+for sb.)不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。 It is impossible for him to give up smoking.,二、動(dòng)詞不定式的用法,7,2.作賓語(yǔ),A動(dòng)詞后直接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有許多，如mean,decide, fail, wish, expec

4、t, promise,pretend, choose,want, would like to,intend,plan等等。 I mean to go there at once. B.不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，往往把不定式短語(yǔ)放在賓補(bǔ)之后，而用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。句型為“主語(yǔ)+find (make,feel, think, believe, consider, etc) +it+形容詞/名詞+to do sth”。 I think it necessary to report the thing to the teacher. I find it interesting to wo

5、rk with him.,練習(xí)：翻譯句子我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)并不太難。,8,He likes to_. I find it still necessary (for him) to _ if he wants to win.,(2) 不定式作賓語(yǔ)練習(xí),play basketball,句型：think/ consider/believe/ find/make/feel it + adj./n.+ to do,9,C動(dòng)詞不定式還可以用作介詞賓語(yǔ)，但僅限于介詞except和but（除了）。 1) They did nothing except_( work). 2) There is no choice

6、but _( wait). 常用句型有： There is nothing to do but+動(dòng)詞原形(do) do nothing but（ except）+動(dòng)詞原型（除做.之外別無(wú)選擇） have no choice but to do ，別無(wú)選擇只能去做.）,除了做之外沒(méi)有其它事可以做。,10,動(dòng)詞不定式常見(jiàn)的考點(diǎn)還有： had better,would rather .than,cant help but, cannot but,等結(jié)構(gòu)后用動(dòng)詞原型。 1) We can not but _ at the sad news.( weep). 2) You cant help but _

7、( respect) them.,11,1) cant but do 不得不 =have to do sth. eg, He cant but _ his work.(stop ) 他不得不停止工作. 2) cant help but do = cant help doing 禁不住 :unable to change ones behaviour or feelings eg.We_ him. = We _ him. 我們禁不住嘲笑起他來(lái). 3) do nothing but 只（做某事） .nothing but = only eg.He_ complain.他只能抱怨. He is_ w

8、ander about. 他無(wú)所事事,只是在閑逛.,stop,cant help but laugh at,cant help laughing at,can do nothing but,doing nothing but,12,1.There was nothing to do in the evening but _. A.read B.to read C.reading D.is reading 2.There is nothing we can do but wait_. A. as calm as possible B. as possible as we can C. as ca

9、lm as we can D. as calmly as we can 分析：也就是說(shuō)calm應(yīng)該用副詞calmly. 因?yàn)楦鶕?jù)句意，calmly是修飾動(dòng)詞wait的，修飾動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用副詞，形容詞calm不能修是動(dòng)詞。 3.He could do nothing but _for the bus_ . A. wait, to come B.wait; come C.waiting; coming D.waited; came 【解析】 試題分析:考查詞組:第一空填wait,因?yàn)閏ould do nothing but do sth只好做,第二空填to come,因?yàn)閣ait for sb to

10、do sth等待某人做. 他只好等汽車(chē)來(lái)。 考點(diǎn)：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,A,D,A,13,3作表語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ): 一是主語(yǔ)有不定式充當(dāng)； 二是主語(yǔ)由抽象名詞充當(dāng)。 To teach is to learn. My job is to help the patient. 【注意】如果在主語(yǔ)中（通常在主語(yǔ)從句或修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句中）又實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，作表語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式省略to。 All I want to do now (What I want to do now) is fill my stomach.,14,4作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 【注意】在感官動(dòng)詞（“五看，二聽(tīng)，一感覺(jué)”： look at,see, w

11、atch,notice,observe,hear, listen to , feel,等）和使役動(dòng)詞“三讓”（let, have，make ）后的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)中，不定式不帶to。但這類(lèi)句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，必須帶to。(let, have,一般不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) ) I saw him play in the park. He was seen to play in the park. The boss made those men work day and night. Those men were made to work day and night.,15,The teacher told me t

12、o clean the blackboard. I expect you to give me some help.,引導(dǎo)不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞：,五看,watch,see,look at,observe,notice,三讓,let,make,have,二聽(tīng),listen to,hear,一感覺(jué):,feel,Warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等,+sb to do sth,+ sb do sth （省略to）,16,I made him do his work.,He was made to do his work (by me). 變成被動(dòng)，被省略的to 要還

13、原。,不定式用在介詞but, except, besides 后時(shí),如果這些介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞do的 各種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶to, 相反則帶to.,(1). She could do nothing but cry. (2). I have no choice but to go.,Note 1,Note 2,17,5.定語(yǔ),1、不定式與被修飾的名詞往往構(gòu)成邏輯上的關(guān)系。如名詞為不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系； 若名詞為邏輯賓語(yǔ)，則構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系； He is not a man to tell lies. There will not be enough space to stand

14、in on the earth 未來(lái)地球上甚至沒(méi)有多余的空間讓人去站立 。 2、作定語(yǔ)的不定式與所修飾的名詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系， 不定式動(dòng)詞又是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，應(yīng)在該動(dòng)詞上加上一個(gè)介詞，如; He has a nice pen to write with. He is looking for a room to live in. (live ) He is said the best way to travel by is on foot.,18,I have something to say, but my brother has a lot of homework _, so I am look

15、ing for someone _.,(5).不定式作定語(yǔ),不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)， 應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面， 而且放在其他后置定語(yǔ)之后。,19,1. 作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。 He is looking for a room to live in.,2. 不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time, place或way，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上要省去。 He had no money and no place to live in.,20,3. something, anything, nothing, everything

16、等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語(yǔ)。,注意比較：,1) Have you anything to send? 你有什么東西要寄嗎？ 2) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？,（不定式to send的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是you）,（不定式to be sent的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是 已被省略的me 或someone else）,21,6.作狀語(yǔ),不定式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可表示目的，原因，結(jié)果或條件。 如; Im very glad to hear the news. （原因) 不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常可與to, in order to, so as to 連用。

17、He got up early so as not to be late. 不定式可以跟在表語(yǔ)的形容詞之后作狀語(yǔ)。 The question is difficult to answer.。,22,不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常用如下句型,Too + 形容詞/副詞 + to do sth 名詞/ 形容詞/副詞 + enough + to do sth enough+名詞 +to do sth such +（形容詞）名詞 +as to do sth so + 形容詞/副詞 + as to do sth 【注意】不定式作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)必須一致。,23,翻譯： 1.他太小了，不能去參軍。 2.他足

18、夠大了，可以去參軍。 3.家里有足夠的糧食吃。,He is too young to join the army.,He is old enoughto join the army.,There is enough food to eat in the family.,24,翻譯： 4.他人很好以至于他愿意幫助別人。,He is so kind that he is willing to help others.,He is so kind as to help others.,He is such kind a man as to help others.,25,To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment.,(7).獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),to be frank, to begin with, to be honest, to tell the truth, to make matters worse,26,He didnt know _.,(8) . 與疑問(wèn)詞等連用,what to say,27,疑問(wèn)詞“what,who,which,h