1、Section_Learning_about_Language_&_Using_Language原文呈現(xiàn) 讀文清障PeruPeru is a country on the Pacific coast of South America. It has three main geographical areas: a narrow coastal belt; the Andes Mountains running parallel to the coast; and high, flat plains in the southeast. In the high plains area is Lak

2、e Titicaca， the highest lake in the world, on which boats can travel. Peru has abundant plants from desert grasses to vast areas of jungle.Once the centre of the powerful and extremely wealthy Inca Empire， much of South America was governed by Spain from the sixteenth century onwards. Peru finally g

3、ained its independence from Spain in 1821. The capital of Peru is Lima, which is in the north on the coast. The ancient Inca capital, Cuzco, is found high in the Andes. It is a popular tourist destinationas it is close to the famous Inca ruins of the city of Machu Picchu. Cuzco is a lively city with

4、 many hotels and inns， where both Indian and Spanish culture and art can be seen. 1Why is Cuzco popular with tourists?2What is special about Lake Titicaca?3What do you think the two official languages of Peru are？on the coast of 在的海岸線上the Andes /ndiz/ Mountains安第斯山脈parallel /prlel/ adj.平行的；相同的；類似的La

5、ke Titicaca /tItIkk/ 的的喀喀湖In the high plains area is Lake Titicaca是倒裝句。還原后是Lake Titicaca is in the high plains area。 the highest lake in the world是Lake Titicaca的同位語(yǔ)，on which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。abundant /bndnt/ adj.豐富的；充裕的Inca /Ik/ Empire印加帝國(guó)govern /vn/ vt. & vi.統(tǒng)治；支配；管理onwards /nwdz/ adv.向前地；前進(jìn)地gain ones ind

6、ependence 獲得獨(dú)立which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾Lima。destination /destIneIn/ n目的地ruin n廢墟；崩潰；垮掉 v毀壞，斷送Machu Picchu /mtupiktu/馬丘比丘(秘魯)inn /In/ n客棧where both Indian and Spanish .是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞隔開(kāi)，該定語(yǔ)從句叫分隔式定語(yǔ)從句。秘魯秘魯是南美洲臨太平洋海岸的一個(gè)國(guó)家。秘魯有三大主要地理地區(qū)：狹長(zhǎng)的海岸帶，與海岸平行的安第斯山脈以及東南部地勢(shì)較高的平原地區(qū)。在高原地區(qū)有的的喀喀湖，這是世界上海拔最高的湖，在湖上可以行船。秘魯有著多種多樣

7、的植物，從沙漠中的草到大片的熱帶叢林。秘魯曾經(jīng)是強(qiáng)盛而極為富裕的印加帝國(guó)的中心，從16世紀(jì)起，南美洲許多地區(qū)都是由西班牙統(tǒng)治的。秘魯最終于1821年脫離西班牙而獨(dú)立。秘魯?shù)氖锥际抢R，位于北部的臨海地區(qū)。在安第斯的高山之上發(fā)現(xiàn)了古印加帝國(guó)的首都庫(kù)斯科。這兒是旅游的熱點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樗x馬丘比丘城著名的印加遺址很近。庫(kù)斯科有很多旅店和小酒店，是一座富有活力的城市，在那兒你可以看到印第安和西班牙的文化藝術(shù)。1為什么庫(kù)斯科受旅游人士的歡迎？2.的的喀喀湖有什么特別之處？3.你認(rèn)為秘魯有哪兩種官方語(yǔ)言？PERUPeru offers a variety of experiences from ancient

8、ruins and centuriesold Spanish villages to thick forests, high mountains and desert coastline. TRAVEL PERU offers tours for all ages and tastes. The following tours are based at Cuzco， the site of the ancient capital of the Inca civilization.Tour 1Experience the jungle and its diverse wildlife close

9、 up. During this fourday walking tour， you will be amazed by mountain scenery and the ancient ruins we pass on our hike. On the last day, we arrive at the ruins of Machu Picchu in time to see the sunrise over the Andes. Spend the day visiting the ruins of this ancient Inca city before catching the t

10、rain back to Cuzco.Peru /pru/ n秘魯(南美國(guó)家)a variety of許多的；各種各樣的centuriesold adj.有幾百年歷史的taste n口味；愛(ài)好，喜好Cuzco /ksk/ n庫(kù)斯科(秘魯南部城市)civilization n文明diverse adj.種類不同的close up靠近，接近fourday walking tour 4天的徒步旅行，fourday是合成形容詞，作定語(yǔ)，此時(shí)day不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。動(dòng)名詞walking作定語(yǔ)，修飾tour。be amazed by/at 對(duì)嘆為觀止，對(duì)驚嘆scenery nU風(fēng)景，風(fēng)光we pass on

11、our hike是省略了that的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the ancient ruins。hike /haIk/ vi.& n遠(yuǎn)足；徒步旅行in time to see . 及時(shí)看到秘魯秘魯提供各種各樣的旅游經(jīng)歷，從古代的遺址、具有數(shù)百年歷史的西班牙式的村莊，到茂密的森林、聳立的高山和臨海的沙漠。“秘魯之旅”為各個(gè)年齡段不同品位的人提供旅游服務(wù)。下列旅游項(xiàng)目都是從庫(kù)斯科出發(fā)，庫(kù)斯科是印加文化的古都所在地。旅游路線1體驗(yàn)叢林，近距離觀賞種類繁多的野生生物。在四天的徒步旅游中，山區(qū)的風(fēng)景和步行途經(jīng)的古代遺址將會(huì)令你嘆為觀止。最后一天到達(dá)馬丘比丘遺址，正好能及時(shí)看到安第斯山上的日出。白天參觀古印加城

12、的遺址，然后乘火車返回庫(kù)斯科。Tour 2A fullday trip by road from Cuzco to Puno with fantastic views of the highlandcountryside. From Puno, we travel by boat across Lake Titicaca, stopping on the way at thefloating islands of the Uros people. These floating islands and the Uros Indians housesare made of the water pl

13、ants that grow in the lake. A fullday stay with a local familygives you an opportunity to learn more about their life. Return to Puno on the fourth dayfor your flight back to Lima. Tour 3Spend four days high in the Andes at Cuzco. Learn about its history and visit the museums. Admire the Spanish arc

14、hitecture， enjoy some excellent Spanish cuisine and take some time to bargain for some souvenirs at the colourful markets. Take the train up to Machu Picchu for a guided tour of the ruins and the royal tomb of the Inca king.Tour 4A short flight from Cuzco takes you from the Andes into the lowlands o

15、f the Amazon Jungle. From here youll travel by boat to your accommodation in a forest reserve， which holds the record for the most bird sightings in one area. From the guesthouse you can explore the jungle in the company of a local guide.Puno /pun/ n普諾(秘魯)fantastic adj.極好的；奇異的；難以置信的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)“stopping o

16、n the way .”作狀語(yǔ)，表補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。the Uros people烏羅族人動(dòng)名詞“floating”作定語(yǔ)，修飾islands。be made of由制成(從制成品能看出原材料)that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾the water plants，that在從句中作主語(yǔ)。opportunity n機(jī)會(huì)Lima /lim/ n利馬(秘魯首都)admire vt.羨慕；欽佩architecture n建筑cuisine n菜肴bargain v討價(jià)還價(jià) n便宜貨souvenir n紀(jì)念品guided adj.有指導(dǎo)的tomb /tum/ n墳?zāi)筧ccommodation n住所；住宿r(nóng)eserve

17、n此處作“保護(hù)區(qū)”講，還可作“保護(hù)；保留”講hold a record保持紀(jì)錄which holds the record .是which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾a forest pany n陪伴旅游路線2全日乘車旅游，從庫(kù)斯科到普諾，觀賞高原鄉(xiāng)村的秀麗景色。我們從普諾乘船穿過(guò)的的喀喀湖，半途停歇在烏羅族人的浮島上。這些浮島和烏羅印第安人的房子都是用種在湖里的水草做成的。有一整天的時(shí)間待在當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦募依?，這樣你會(huì)有機(jī)會(huì)更多地了解他們的生活。第四天返回普諾，再乘飛機(jī)返回利馬。旅游路線3在庫(kù)斯科的安第斯高山上玩四天。 了解它的歷史，參觀博物館。觀賞西班牙式的建筑，品嘗西班

18、牙美味，在五顏六色的市場(chǎng)上花些時(shí)間討價(jià)還價(jià)買點(diǎn)紀(jì)念品。乘火車去馬丘比丘，由導(dǎo)游陪同去參觀遺址和印加國(guó)王的皇家墓地。旅游路線4從庫(kù)斯科乘飛機(jī)作一次短途飛行，從安第斯山到亞馬孫河叢林的低地。從這里可以乘船到森林保護(hù)區(qū)的接待站，這個(gè)護(hù)林區(qū)保持著一項(xiàng)觀鳥(niǎo)紀(jì)錄，即在一個(gè)地區(qū)可以看到最多的鳥(niǎo)類。你還可以在當(dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游的陪同下，從接待站出發(fā)去叢林探險(xiǎn)。Read the text and choose the best answers.1On which tours can you visit the famous Inca ruins of the city of Machu Picchu?ATour 1 an

19、d Tour 2.BTour 2 and Tour 3.CTour 1 and Tour 3.DTour 3 and Tour 4.2Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?APeru has the highest lake in the world.BPeru is short of wildlife.CPeru has only one official language.DPeru mainly has four geographical areas.3Which is not mention

20、ed in the passage?APeru lies on the Pacific coast.BBoats can travel on Lake Titicaca.CPeru has two official languages.DLima is the capital of Peru.4From the second paragraph, we can find out that_played an important role in the Inca civilization.ASpainBRussiaCChina DAmerica5Why is Cuzco popular with

21、 tourists?ABecause it is the capital of Peru.BBecause it is close to the famous ruins of the city of Machu Picchu.CBecause it is a lively city.DBecause it is the ancient Inca capital.6If you want to get an opportunity to learn about the Uros Indians life, you can choose_.ATour 1 BTour 2CTour 3 DTour

22、 4答案：16CACABB一、這樣記單詞記得準(zhǔn)寫得對(duì)記得快記得多.基礎(chǔ)詞匯1.routine n 常規(guī)；日常事務(wù)adj. 通常的；例行的2.cage n. 鳥(niǎo)籠；獸檻3.drill vi. & vt. 鉆(孔)n. 鉆；鉆機(jī)4.oilfield_ n. 油田5.parallel adj. 平行的；相同的；類似的6.destination n. 目的地.拓展詞匯1.apology n道歉；謝罪apologize v道歉；謝罪2.optional adj.可選擇的；隨意的option n選擇3.agent n代理人；經(jīng)紀(jì)人agency n代理機(jī)構(gòu)4.abundant adj.豐富的；充裕的abun

23、dance n. 豐富5.govern vt. & vi.統(tǒng)治；支配；管理government n. 政府governor n統(tǒng)治者；主管；州長(zhǎng)1.routine n常規(guī)；日常事務(wù)adj.通常的；例行的詞塊break the routine打破常規(guī) daily routine 例行公事2.optional adj.可選擇的；隨意的反義compulsory adj. 強(qiáng)制的，強(qiáng)迫的詞塊optional/compulsory subjects 選修/必修課3.與“旅游”相關(guān)的高頻詞匯集錦destination n. 目的地tourist attraction 旅游景點(diǎn)a place of inte

24、rest 風(fēng)景；名勝schedule n. 時(shí)刻表accommodation n. 住處；膳宿guide n. 向?qū)?；?dǎo)游route n. 路線travel agency 旅行社二、這樣記短語(yǔ)記牢固定短語(yǔ)多積常用詞塊1.make_an_apology道歉2day_in_and_day_out 日復(fù)一日3out_of_the_question 不可能；不允許；不值得討論4search_for 尋找；搜尋5a_variety_of 種種；各種各樣的6settle_in (遷入新居、更換工作后)安頓下來(lái)1.run parallel to the coast與海岸平行2abundant plants

25、多種多樣的植物3a popular tourist destination 旅游熱點(diǎn)4all ages and tastes 各種年齡和品位的人5walking tour 徒步旅游6a guided tour 導(dǎo)游陪同一起旅游三、這樣記句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.In the high plains area is Lake Titicaca, the highest lake in the world, on which boats can travel. 在高原地區(qū)有的的喀喀湖，這是世界上海拔最高的湖，在湖上可以行船。地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)放于句首，句子使用全部倒裝句式。In_the_front_of_t

26、he_lecture_hall_sat the speaker. 演講者坐在演講廳前面。2.From here youll travel by boat to your accommodation in a forest reserve, which holds the record for the most bird sightings in one area. 從這里可以乘船到森林保護(hù)區(qū)的接待站，這個(gè)護(hù)林區(qū)保持著一項(xiàng)觀鳥(niǎo)紀(jì)錄，即在一個(gè)地區(qū)可以看到最多的鳥(niǎo)類。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代先行詞a forest reserve并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。He told me a story ye

27、sterday, which_I_think_is_very_interesting. 他昨天給我講了一個(gè)故事，我認(rèn)為這個(gè)故事很有趣。1(教材P40)Sara acknowledged her mistake and made an apology immediately.莎拉承認(rèn)了錯(cuò)誤并且立刻道歉。apology n道歉；謝罪(1)make an apology to sb. for .因向某人道歉owe sb. an apology 應(yīng)該向某人道歉accept an apology 接受道歉demand an apology 要求道歉(2)apologize vi. 道歉apologize

28、 to sb. for sth./doing sth. 因某事向某人道歉You should make an apology to her for your carelessness.你應(yīng)該為你的粗心大意向她賠禮道歉。Im afraid I was rather badtempered yesterday. I think I owe_you_an_apology.恐怕我昨天的脾氣不怎么好，我認(rèn)為應(yīng)該向你道歉。Harry apologized to his teacher for coming to school late. 哈利為上學(xué)遲到向老師認(rèn)錯(cuò)。2(教材P40)Day in and da

29、y out I follow almost the same routine. I fit in quite well.日復(fù)一日地，我遵循幾乎同樣的慣例。我適應(yīng)得相當(dāng)好。day in and day out 日復(fù)一日day after day日復(fù)一日(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作)day by day 一天天(強(qiáng)調(diào)變化)day and night 日日夜夜He plays tennis day in and day out.他日復(fù)一日地打網(wǎng)球。Day_in_and_day_out,_no matter what the weather is like, she walks ten miles.不管天氣如何，她每天

30、步行十英里。He often went to see the tree he planted and found it taller and taller day by day.他常去看他栽的那棵樹(shù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)它一天天地長(zhǎng)高了。Youve spoiled your eyes by watching the computer screen day_after_day.你日復(fù)一日地盯著電腦屏幕，已經(jīng)損害了眼睛。3(教材P43)Peru has abundant plants from desert grasses to vast areas of jungle.秘魯有著多種多樣的植物，從沙漠中的草到大片

31、的熱帶叢林。abundant adj. 豐富的；充裕的(1)be abundant in富有；很豐富(2)abundance n. 豐富；充裕in abundance 大量；充裕an abundance of 大量的The district is abundant in fruit. 這地區(qū)水果豐富。There is firewood in abundance in the forest.森林里有很多的木柴。There is a great abundance (abundant) of sunshine here.這里陽(yáng)光充足。4(教材P43)Its out of the question.

32、那是不可能的。out of the question 不可能的；不值得討論的out of question沒(méi)有問(wèn)題；毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)beyond/without question 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)We cannot go out in this weather, it is out of the question.天氣這么糟，我們不能出去，這是不可能的。Out of/Beyond/Without question, it is his handwriting.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，這是他的字跡。 名師點(diǎn)津有無(wú)the不一樣的介詞短語(yǔ)集錦：5settle in (遷入新居；更換工作后)安頓下來(lái)settle down安下心來(lái)；

33、定居settle (oneself) down to sth. 安下心來(lái)做某事settle on 決定settle up 付清；還清欠款We settled in our new home.我們住進(jìn)了新房。After working here and there for several years, he wants to settle down to a permanent job.在這兒那兒工作了幾年之后，他想安下心來(lái)找份永久性的工作。He needed ten yuan to settle up this bill.他需要十塊錢來(lái)付清這一賬單。In the high plains are

34、a is Lake Titicaca, the highest lake in the world, on which boats can travel.在高原地區(qū)有的的喀喀湖，這是世界上海拔最高的湖，在湖上可以行船。句中主句in the high plains . 實(shí)際上是一個(gè)倒裝句，主語(yǔ)是 Lake Titicaca, in the high plains area 作表語(yǔ)，the highest lake . 是 Lake Titicaca 的同位語(yǔ)。(1)當(dāng)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)，如on a hill, in the valley，round the corner等位于句首，動(dòng)詞為be,

35、come, go, lie, stand, walk等時(shí)，句子常用完全倒裝，即將整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)部分放在主語(yǔ)前面。Round the corner of the street is a flower shop.在街道拐角處有一家花店。On a hill in front of them stood_a_great_castle.在他們面前的山上矗立著一座巨大的城堡。(2)將下列詞置于句首，主語(yǔ)不是代詞，且謂語(yǔ)為 be, go, come 等不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，句子要用完全倒裝。Here is the money I promised you.這是我答應(yīng)給你的錢。First, a man cried for

36、help. Then_followed a shot of gun.先是一個(gè)男人喊救命，接著是一聲槍響。(3)作表語(yǔ)的形容詞、過(guò)去分詞等較短，而主語(yǔ)相對(duì)較長(zhǎng)，為了保持句子平衡而將表語(yǔ)前置構(gòu)成完全倒裝。Gone_are_the_days when we had nothing to eat.我們沒(méi)有東西吃的日子已經(jīng)過(guò)去了。.單句語(yǔ)法填空1I made an apology to him for stepping on his foot.2At the feast there was an abundance of food and drink. Its obvious that people l

37、ive in abundance (abundant)3Since he has just had a major operation, he knows that a trip to Tibet this summer is out of the question.4Every time he had a chance, he would talk about the great difficulty he had settling (settle) in the new country.5On the highest plateau in the world lies (lie) the

38、Potala Palace, one of the famous ancient Chinese buildings.6He sits at his desk working, day in and day out.補(bǔ)全句子1The river is_abundant_in all kinds of fish. 這條河盛產(chǎn)各種魚類。2He is_without/beyond/out_of_question the brightest student in the school.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，他是學(xué)校里最聰明的學(xué)生。3I havent yet settled_in_my_new_school. 我還

39、未在我的新學(xué)校安頓下來(lái)。4On the top of the mountain lies_a_big_lake. 在這座山的山頂有一個(gè)大湖。5We should apologize_to all of you for the late departure of this flight.We should make_an_apology_to all of you for the late departure of this flight. 我們應(yīng)該因航班的延誤向你們所有人道歉。一、全練語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)，基穩(wěn)才能樓高本課語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)針對(duì)練習(xí).單詞拼寫1They hired a maid (傭人) through

40、 an agency (代理機(jī)構(gòu)). 2The railway is parallel (平行的) with the highway.3There is an abundance (豐富) of wildlife in the jungle. 4It is said that the government (政府) here will take some measures to improve peoples living conditions.5After a days walk, they reached their destination (目的地) finally.6Its just

41、a routine (例行的) medical examination, nothing to get worried about.單句改錯(cuò)1. Im sorry for my rude behavior, I owe you apology.apology前加an2He cant seem to settle up a steady job because he often moves to new places.upin3My experience in selling is parallel yours.parallel后加to4The abundantly natural resour

42、ces and stable policy provide the country with the advantages of developing its businesses.abundantlyabundant5The country finally gained independence after being govern by the British for so many erngoverned.選詞填空be parallel to， gain ones independence， out of the question， a variety of， day

43、in and day out， settle in1His country had fought hard for many years, and finally gained_its_independence.2In this area, the road is_parallel_to the railway but beyond the hill there is a cross.3The boss is mean, so it is out_of_the_question for him to get a pay rise. 4.The naughty boy always has a_

44、variety_of reasons to explain why he is always late for class.5The old man repeated the same words day_in_and_day_out;_obviously, he was mad.6Even though he has accepted his new job for one month, he still seems not to settle_in it.本單元語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)溫故練習(xí).句型轉(zhuǎn)換(用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句連接句子)1Mrs. White has two daughters. They bo

45、th married rich men.Mrs. White has two daughters, who both married rich men.2He visited the Great Wall again. He went there two years ago.He visited the Great Wall again, where he went two years ago.3He failed in the examination. It made him a bit discouraged.He failed in the examination, which made

46、 him a bit discouraged.4He must be from Africa. It can be seen from his skin.He must be from Africa, which/as can be seen from his skin.5He has organized a team of workers. All of them are hardworking.He has organized a team of workers, all_of_whom are hardworking.6He is a man of great experience. M

47、uch can be learned from him.He is a man of great experience, from_whom much can be learned.7They have many books. Many of them are on chemistry.They have many books, many_of_which are on chemistry.8Lets think of a situation. In this situation this sentence can be used.Lets think of a situation, in_w

48、hich_situation this sentence can be used.9The boy studies very hard. His father is an engineer.The boy, whose_father is an engineer, studies very hard.10The engineer is about 50 years old. My father works with him.The engineer, with_whom my father works, is about 50 years old.補(bǔ)全句子1If you want to hav

49、e a journal in space, you should_adjust_to weightlessness first. 如果你想去太空旅行，首先應(yīng)該適應(yīng)失重。2Although he is outgoing, he is still not sure whether he will_fit_in_with his new colleagues. 盡管他性格開(kāi)朗，但是他仍然對(duì)是否能和新同事相處融洽沒(méi)有把握。3After months of hard work, they almost couldnt_keep_it_up. 數(shù)月的艱苦工作之后，他們幾乎不能堅(jiān)持下去了。4They are

50、 making_preparations_for the coming examination. 他們正在為即將到來(lái)的考試做準(zhǔn)備。5To_live_in_comfort when he is old, he is trying hard to earn more money now. 為了晚年生活舒適，現(xiàn)在他正在努力地掙更多的錢。6Since she left university, she has_been_occupied_with endless work.大學(xué)畢業(yè)以來(lái)，她一直忙于無(wú)休止的工作。7As_far_as_I_am_concerned,_your plan is very go

51、od.就我個(gè)人而言，你的計(jì)劃很好。8We will treat you to a dinner to_acknowledge_your_timely_help.為了感謝你及時(shí)的幫助，我們請(qǐng)你吃飯。9Since he had to drive, he substituted_water_for_wine to wish his friends wedding. 因?yàn)樗_(kāi)車，他以水代酒來(lái)祝福朋友的婚禮。10He recommended his_friend_to_visit Peru to experience the jungle and its diverse wildlife.他建議他的朋

52、友去秘魯旅游以體驗(yàn)叢林和種類繁多的野生生物。二、勤練高考題型，多練自能生巧.閱讀理解A “talk show” is a show organized mainly around talk. Television talk shows have been around since the dawn of radio. Thus, the start of talk shows golden age can be considered as 1948, even though television wasnt common in American homes until the 1950s. F

53、rom 1949 to 1973, nearly half of all daytime programming was talk.Why are there so many talk shows? A talk show can cost less than $100,000 per episode (一集) to produce whereas many of todays TV series cost more than $1 million an episode. Thus, if successful, it can produce handsome profits. Still,

54、it takes a lot of work. Since 1948, hundreds of talk shows have come and gone, with only a few having true staying power.There are several types of talk shows, but while the styles might vary, the format (形式) is limited.What were most used to is the informal guesthost format, in which shows hosts we

55、lcome famous people or other talkworthy persons for an informal discussion.The second most common format is the public issues show, in which hosts interview people in the news or experts in a given field. Shows that follow this format include both morning news programs and “issue” talk shows.The Museum of Broadcast Communications Bernard M. Timberg notes two governing principles of all successful talk shows：The host is everything: The host has a high degree of control