1、,如何提高書面表達(dá)句子的檔次,一、高考書面表達(dá)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),1.評(píng)判方法：采取整體評(píng)分法。 2.各檔次評(píng)分范圍及要求：,五檔（很好）21-25分,1）覆蓋所有內(nèi)容要點(diǎn) 2）應(yīng)用了較多的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯 ，有些許語言錯(cuò)誤，但因盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯所致，有較強(qiáng)的語言應(yīng)用能力。 3）有效地使用了語句間的連接成分 ，全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。 4）完全達(dá)到了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)，完全達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的,四檔（好）16-20分,1）雖漏掉1、2個(gè)次重點(diǎn)，但覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容要點(diǎn) 2）應(yīng)用的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯能滿足任務(wù)的要求。語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯方面應(yīng)用基本正確，些許語言錯(cuò)誤，主要是因嘗試較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯所致。 3）應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)

2、單的語句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。 4）完全達(dá)到了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)，完全達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的,三檔（適當(dāng)）11-15分,1）雖漏掉一些內(nèi)容，但覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容。 2）應(yīng)用的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯能滿足任務(wù)的要求。有一些語言錯(cuò)誤，但不影響理解。 3）應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)單的語句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。 4）基本完成了試題規(guī)定的任務(wù)，整體而言，基本達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的。,二檔（較差）6-10分,1）漏掉或未描述一些內(nèi)容，寫了一些無關(guān)內(nèi)容。 2）語法結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)，詞匯項(xiàng)目有限。有一些語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞會(huì)方面的錯(cuò)誤，影響了對(duì)寫作內(nèi)容的理解。 3）較少使用語句間的連接成分，內(nèi)容缺少連貫性。 4）信息未能清楚地傳達(dá)給讀者。,一檔

3、（差）1-5分,1）明顯遺漏主要內(nèi)容，寫了一些無關(guān)內(nèi)容。 2）語法結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào)，詞匯項(xiàng)目有限。較多語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞會(huì)方面的錯(cuò)誤，影響對(duì)寫作內(nèi)容的理解。 3）缺乏語句間的連接成分，內(nèi)容不連貫性。 4）信息未能傳達(dá)給讀者。,二、英語書面表達(dá)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)概要, 內(nèi)容要點(diǎn) 語法結(jié)構(gòu)及詞匯運(yùn)用 語言表達(dá) 文章的總體評(píng)價(jià),評(píng)分細(xì)則,1）首先根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容與語言確定其所屬檔次，然后按照該檔次的具體要求進(jìn)行衡量，確定或調(diào)整其所屬檔次，最后再評(píng)定得分。 2）注意內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)、詞匯應(yīng)用和語法結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)量和準(zhǔn)確性、上下文的連貫性以及語言應(yīng)用的得體性。 3)單詞拼寫及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的錯(cuò)誤應(yīng)視其對(duì)交際的影響程度予以適當(dāng)?shù)亩挤郑驗(yàn)樗鼈冴P(guān)系到語

4、言的準(zhǔn)確性。英、美拼寫及詞匯用法均可接受。,4）全文字?jǐn)?shù)不足80或多于120者，從總得分中扣除2分。 5）如書寫較差，以至影響交際，將分?jǐn)?shù)降低一個(gè)檔次（5分）。 6）內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)可用不同方式表達(dá)。 7）對(duì)緊扣主題的適當(dāng)發(fā)揮不予扣分。 8）開頭、結(jié)尾的內(nèi)容須合乎邏輯，語言得體。,1. 要點(diǎn)齊全 2. 較多的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和高級(jí)詞匯 3. 全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,高檔書面表達(dá)的要求：,例一、 1. 時(shí)間：昨天下午放學(xué)后 請(qǐng)根據(jù)下述情況寫一篇80-120個(gè)單詞的英語新聞廣播稿，準(zhǔn)備在你校廣播臺(tái)播出。 2. 地點(diǎn)：回家路上 3. 人物：高一（2）班兩名男生田力和段凱 4. 事件：邊騎車邊談笑，后追逐一輛公交車，覺得好玩。

5、公交車遇紅燈停下，兩人來不及剎車，摔倒在地。一人左手臂摔斷，一人腿部受傷。 5. 警示：嚴(yán)格遵守交通規(guī)則，切忌在馬路上嬉笑玩耍。,There was an accident happened to two students in our school yesterday afternoon. (典型病句）,There was an accident that happened to two students in our school yesterday afternoon. (定語從句）,An accident occurred to two students in our school y

6、esterday afternoon.（高級(jí)詞匯）,An accident happened to two students in our school yesterday afternoon.,Tian Li and Duan Kai were riding bikes side by side on the way home after school. They were talking and laughing loudly.,Tian Li and Duan Kai were riding bikes side by side on the way home after school,

7、 talking and laughing loudly. （用分詞合并）,After school was over, Tianli and Dunkai from Grade 1 were on their way home by bike, talking and laughing happily.,3. When they saw a car which was passing by, they started to run after it. They thought it was very interesting.,Seeing a passing car, they starte

8、d to chase it, thinking it great fun.,The bus stopped when the traffic light turned red.,Unfortunately, the bus stopped the moment the traffic light turned red.,The two students were very close to the bus and they couldnt stop their bikes in time.,The two students were so close to the bus that they

9、were not able to stop their bikes in time.,Ones left arm was hurt and the others leg was hurt too.,Ones left arm was broken while the others leg got hurt. (避免用相同結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯）（高級(jí)連詞）,One had his left arm broken while the other got his leg hurt. /the other was badly hurt in the leg.)(高級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)）,They were knocked o

10、ff their bikes, one with the left arm broken, and the other with one leg hurt. (高級(jí)介詞短語/獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）,They fell off the bikes. Tianlis broke his his left arm and Dunkai hurt his leg.,As a result, they were knocked off the bikes, one with his left arm broken and the other with his leg hurt.,5. If we dont ob

11、ey traffic rules, we might die.,a. If we go against traffic rules, we might lose our lives. b. If we go against traffic rules, we might end up in hospital. c. Going against traffic rules might cost us our lives. d. Dont risk our lives going against traffic rules. (多種表達(dá)）,An accident happened to two s

12、tudents in our school yesterday afternoon. School was over. Tianli and Dunkai from Grade 1 were going home by bike. They were talking and laughing happily. When they saw a car which was passing by, they started to run after it. They thought it was very interesting. The bus stopped when the traffic l

13、ight turned red. The two students were very close to the bus and they couldnt stop their bikes in time. They fell off the bikes. Tianli broke his left arm and Dunkai hurt his leg.,An accident happened to two students in our school yesterday afternoon. School was over. Tianli and Dunkai from Grade 1

14、were going home by bike. They were talking and laughing happily. When they saw a bus which was passing by, they started to run after it. They thought it was very interesting. The bus stopped when the traffic light turned red. The two students were very close to the bus and they couldnt stop their bi

15、kes in time.,They fell off the bikes. Tianlis broke his his left arm and Dunkai hurt his leg.,An accident occurred to two students in our school yesterday afternoon. After school was over, Tianli and Dunkai from Grade 1 were heading home by bike, talking and laughing happily. Seeing a passing bus, t

16、hey started to chase it, thinking it was great fun. Unfortunately, the bus stopped the moment the traffic light turned red. The two students were so close to the bus that they were not able to stop their bikes in time.,As a result, they were knocked off the bikes, one with his left arm broken and th

17、e other with his leg hurt.,例二、 假設(shè)你是李華，你的英國(guó)筆友Bob將于九月到你所在的城市的建新華文學(xué)校學(xué)中文，來信請(qǐng)你在學(xué)校附近為他找一套住房。請(qǐng)根據(jù)圖畫提供的信息，寫信介紹住房的情況，并告知住房面積為25平方米，月租500元。,高考高分作文(2003年試題)： Dear Bob, Thank you for your last letter and Im very glad to hear that you are coming to my city to learn Chinese. Now Ive found a flat near the school fo

18、r you. It is one of the buildings in the block which lies on the left of No. 11 Fangcao Street Stop and it is very convenient for you to take the bus to go to school. Whats more, the next stop is Jianxin Chinese School. ） On top of that, the room, 25 square metres in area, consists of three parts, n

19、amely a kitchen, a bathroom and a sitting room. in the sitting room there is a bed, a sofa and a desk. Then the monthly rent is 500 yuan. At last I hope you will be satisfied with the flat. Looking forward to seeing you! Yours, Li Hua,三、書面表達(dá)的應(yīng)試技巧,（一）答題思路 分為三個(gè)階段： （1）準(zhǔn)備階段 （2）寫作階段 （3）檢查和修改階段,1 準(zhǔn)備階段,1）這

20、是什么體裁的作文？是書信？是感謝信？是說明文？還是記敘文？ 2）寫作的背景是什么？ 3）寫作的目的是什么？ 4）文章的讀者是誰？應(yīng)該采用什么樣的文體？ 5）交際的內(nèi)容是什么？ 6）文章是否有字?jǐn)?shù)要求？,以2005年高考英語試卷書面表達(dá)題為例： 假設(shè)你是李華，正在英國(guó)牛津參加短期語言培訓(xùn)，計(jì)劃星期天去倫敦旅游。互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的一則廣告引起了你的注意，但是一些具體信息不明確（箭頭所指內(nèi)容）。請(qǐng)給該旅行社發(fā)一封電子郵件，詢問有關(guān)情況。 注意：1詞數(shù)100左右，信的格式已為你寫好。2可根據(jù)內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。3參考詞匯：牛津- Oxford 費(fèi)用- fee,分析：要求寫一封電子郵件。 l寫作

21、的背景是：你是李華，正在英國(guó)牛津參加短期語言培訓(xùn)；計(jì)劃星期天去倫敦旅；你對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的一則關(guān)于旅游廣告引起你的注意，但是一些具體信息不明確，你想詢問這些信息。 寫作的目的是詢問關(guān)于一則廣告的具體信息。 文章的讀者是旅行社工作人員，非熟人或朋友，因此寫作的文體應(yīng)該略顯正式，語氣應(yīng)該禮貌，用詞應(yīng)較為正式。 l寫作的內(nèi)容是：（仔細(xì)閱讀箭頭所指問題，確定內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)：5個(gè)） l字?jǐn)?shù)100字左右,2 寫作階段 1）根據(jù)內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)列出簡(jiǎn)要提綱，即內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。 開頭語 （開頭） 詢問是否有購(gòu)物時(shí)間，學(xué)生票價(jià) 費(fèi)用是否含景點(diǎn)門票、午餐 返回牛津的時(shí)間 結(jié)尾 （收尾）,2）構(gòu)思文章內(nèi)容的布局，完成初稿。,第一段：開頭，開

22、門見山，說明寫信的目的： I read your advertisement about the Day Tour in London and Im writing for more information about it.,第二、三段：正文，包括內(nèi)容要點(diǎn),As a student at Oxford University, Id like to know if you have any special price for students. As for the money you charge, does it cover the entrance fees for visiting t

23、he places listed? What about lunch? Is it included? Or do I need to bring along my own food? How long will the tour last? Since I need to prepare my lessons for the next day, Id like to know the time to return, Besides, is there any time for shopping? I really want to have a look at the big stores i

24、n London.,第四段：結(jié)尾，說明寫信人的愿望或期望等,I will be looking forward to your reply.,3 檢查和修改階段 1）通讀全文，仔細(xì)檢查內(nèi)容是否扣題，有無遺漏要點(diǎn)，是否有拼寫及語法錯(cuò)誤，文章是否連貫、通順。 2） 適當(dāng)修改用詞和句式。在通讀的過程中，注意是否有用詞重復(fù)的地方，可以嘗試使用其它同義詞或詞組，這樣可以有效的提升文章的文采。同時(shí)適當(dāng)變化句式，例如主動(dòng)句、被動(dòng)句、倒裝句的交錯(cuò)使用，可以使文章更富于變化性，以增強(qiáng)可讀性。 3) 謄抄作文,（二）需注意的問題 1書寫規(guī)范，字跡清楚，書寫不勾不劃,卷面美觀。 2表達(dá)要準(zhǔn)確。（保證第一句話正確無誤

25、） 3. 文中不要出現(xiàn)漢語表達(dá)。 4格式要正確。不同的書面表達(dá)形式有不 同的格式，如書信、日記、便條、通知等各有其特殊的格式。 5. 注意答題時(shí)間。,如何提高英語書面表達(dá)能力？,（一） 掌握常用句型句式 1 五種主要的基本句型 句型1： S + V + P （主 + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語） 句型2： S + Vt + O （主 + 及物動(dòng)詞+ 賓語） 句型3： S + Vi+ (A) 主 + 不及物動(dòng)詞+ （狀語） 句型4： S + Vt+ Oi + Od （主 + 及物動(dòng)詞+ 間接賓語 + 直接賓語） 句型5： S + Vt+ Oi + Oc （主 + 及物動(dòng)詞+賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語）,高考范文

26、中的范例： 含主語、系動(dòng)詞、表語的句型 If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help. (04年高考范文） Im so glad to learn that you are coming in September. (03年高考范文）,含主語、謂語、賓語的句型,I know you like singing. (04年高考范文） They believe a public park should be free of charge. (02年高考范文） Ive found a place for

27、 you. (03年高考范文）,2. 特 殊 句 型,1）it 引導(dǎo)的句型 It will be necessary to build gates and walls. 2）it + 系動(dòng)詞+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that/who （強(qiáng)調(diào)句） 3）it takes (sb) sometime to do sth 4) It is + 時(shí)間+since 從句 5) It will (not) be + 時(shí)間+ before 從句 6) It + 及物動(dòng)詞（appear, seem, matter,happen等）+ that 從句 7）定語從句,8）狀語從句 As long as, although,

28、no matter, unless, whether or, （讓步） So that, in order to, in order that, such/sothat, when （結(jié)果或目的） When, while, only, notuntil, assoon as （時(shí)間） If, once, unless (條件）,3. 插入語或固定短語,I think, I believe, I hope, I suppose, To my surprise/delight; whats worse; to make things worse; generally speaking; What

29、is more; It is generally believed/recognized,二） 熟練變化句式 1）嘗試使用不同的句式結(jié)構(gòu)造句 （在基本句型的基礎(chǔ)上，用不同形式的句子構(gòu)成主、謂、賓成分） 2）加強(qiáng)句子組合練習(xí) e.g. He is a boy. He is twelve years old. 改為：He is a twelve-year-old boy. He left home. He didnt take any money with him. 改為：He left home without taking any money with him. I bought a dict

30、ionary last week. It was recommended by my English teacher. 改為：I bought a dictionary that was recommended by my English teacher.,（三） 注重詞匯的變化使用，提倡運(yùn)用詞組 例如find, discover; ask/inquire; change/alter/modify; answer/reply/ surprise/astonish/astound/be taken aback 記憶單詞的方法：字不離詞；詞不離句；句不離篇,He got up at 7 ocloc

31、k.,It was not until 7 oclock that he got up.,Not until 7 oclock did he get up.,(強(qiáng)調(diào)句）,（倒裝句）,He didnt get up until 7 oclock.,使用多種句式,1. I had a good idea.,a. A good idea occurred to me.,b. I came up with a good idea.,多種表達(dá)&高級(jí)詞匯,make every effort to, make great efforts to spare no efforts to, try every m

32、eans to do all we can to, do what we can to,2. Dont worry . Well try to help you.,Practice: 1. There are 80% of the population live on farming.,2.At 8 this morning, there were about 50 American students came to visit our school.,80% of the population live on farming.,At 8 this morning, about 50 Amer

33、ican students came to visit our school.,Practice: （用分詞合并） He had finished his homework. He went out to play football.,I was moved by his words. I decided to lend him a hand.,Moved by his words, I decided to lend him a hand.,Having finished his homework, he went out to play football.,Practice: （用連接詞連

34、接） The police searched everywhere. The missing boy could not be found.,The police searched everywhere, but the missing boy could not be found.,Though the police searched everywhere, the missing boy could not be found.,Practice: (避免用相同結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯） 1. I like sports. I like music, too.,I like sports and musi

35、c as well. I like sports as well as music.,My favorite subject is English while my sisters favorite subject is history.,My favorite subject is English while my sisters is history.,b. My favorite subject is English while my sister likes history best.,My old grandfather fell asleep in the sofa. He had

36、 a book on his knees.,Practice: （用介詞短語）,My old grandfather fell asleep in the sofa with a book on his knees.,（四） 學(xué)會(huì)使用過渡詞。 (1)表示增加的過渡詞：also, and, and then, too, in addition, furthermore, moreover, again, on top of that, another, first/second/third等。 (2)表示時(shí)間順序的過渡詞：now, then, before, after, afterwards,

37、 earlier, later, immediately, soon, next, in a few days, gradually, suddenly, finally等。 (3)表示空間順序的過渡詞：near(to), far(from), in front of, behind, beside, beyond, above, below, to the right/ left, around, outside等。 (4)表示比較的過渡詞：in the same way, just like, just as等。 (5)表示對(duì)照的過渡詞：but, still, yet, however, on the other hand, on th