1、A COURSE OF CHINESE-ENGLISH TRANSLATION,QQ Group: 182817412,詞語翻譯技巧初探,移植法 增詞法 減詞法 換譯法 反義法 分譯法 釋義法 虛實轉(zhuǎn)換,移植法,直接法 卡拉Ok KTV BP機 CD機 X光 XP系統(tǒng) MP3 Word文件 做PPT NBA TKO,音譯法 Lu Xun Ba Jin Beijing JINHUA mahjong jiaozi kowtow kungfu Yin Yang,英譯漢,漢譯英,漢英音譯法,一般的人名、地名：毛澤東、沈陽 帶有外號的人名：黑旋風李逵 (Li Kui the Black Whirlwin

2、d) 含有普通名詞的地名：泰山(Mount Tai) 商標：聯(lián)想(Lenovo)、淘寶(Taobao) 約定俗成：香港、清華(Tsinghua)、孔子(Confucius)、孫中山(Sun Yat-sen) 其它：衙門(yamen)、四合院(siheyuan) 音譯意譯合用：武術(shù)(martial arts)、太極,詞語翻譯技巧初探,移植法 增詞法 減詞法 換譯法 反義法 分譯法 釋義法 虛實轉(zhuǎn)換,增詞法,語法性 語義性 連貫性 表達性,語法性增詞法,28. 現(xiàn)在一定是天亮了，因為鳥兒在歌唱。 It must be morning now, because the birds are singi

3、ng. 29. 她懶洋洋地站起來，估量丈夫不會再回來了。 Lazily she rose. Her husband probably would not come home, she supposed. 30. 接到信時我高興得跳了起來。 I jumped with joy when I received the letter. 31. 你去了也不會有什么結(jié)果。 Even if you go there, there wont be any result. 32. 畢竟，還有什么比快樂更令人羨慕呢？ After all, what is more enviable than happiness

4、?,語義性增詞法,33. 老老少少會定期聚在一起操練。 English learners, old and young gather at regular time to practise their spoken English. 34. 代表們的水平保證了代表大會的開好。 The political consiousness of the delegates will guarantee the success of the congress. 35. 看糧食，要看中國的農(nóng)業(yè)；看農(nóng)業(yè)，首先要看市場。今日中國 To understood food, we must look at China

5、s agriculture, and to know the agriculture we must first look at the market. 36. 誰都知道朝鮮戰(zhàn)場是艱苦的。 It is well-known that life on the Korean battlefield was rather hard.,連貫性增詞法,退休煤礦工人張師傅今年年初買了四只小雞。有一天發(fā)現(xiàn)丟了一只，氣得一個勁地埋怨老伴。傍晚，有一只小雞突然從門外進來，隨后鄰居王某跟進院來，抓起小雞就走。張老太哪里肯放。雙方爭吵起來。原來王某年初也買了兩只小雞最近丟了一只。這時，另一個姓李的鄰居過來了解情況。

6、他將有爭議的小雞從兩家中間撒出去。那只雞不去王家，直向張家的雞群跑去。王某無話可說，當場認錯，一場小雞風波平息了。,連貫性增詞法,1) Mr. Zhang, a retired miner bought four chicks early this year. 2) One day he found one of them missing. He got so angry that he kept blaming his wife for it all the time. 3) Towards evening into his yard came a chick followed by his

7、 neighbor Wang who ran to catch it. 4) Naturally Zhangs wife wouldnt let him go with the chick. 5) And so a quarrel ensued. 6) It turned out that Wang had also lost one of his two chicks recently which he bought nearly the same time as Mr Zhang did. 7) Then another neighbor Lee came to the yard to s

8、ee what was happening. 8) He put the chick somewhere between their homes and let it off. 9) The chick went straight to join Zhangs flock. 10) Wang had no more to say but made an immediate apologize. Thus ended the quarrel over a chick.,連貫性增詞法,1) Mr. Zhang, a retired miner bought four chicks early th

9、is year. 2) One day he found one of them missing. He got so angry that he kept blaming his wife for it all the time. 3) Towards evening into his yard came a chick followed by his neighbor Wang who ran to catch it. 4) Naturally Zhangs wife wouldnt let him go with the chick. 5) And so a quarrel ensued

10、. 6) It turned out that Wang had also lost one of his two chicks recently which he bought nearly the same time as Mr Zhang did. 7) Then another neighbor Lee came to the yard to see what was happening. 8) He put the chick somewhere between their homes and let it off. 9) The chick went straight to joi

11、n Zhangs flock. 10) Wang had no more to say but made an immediate apologize. Thus ended the quarrel over a chick.,連貫性增詞法,1) Mr. Zhang, a retired miner bought four chicks early this year. 2) One day he found one of them missing. He got so angry that he kept blaming his wife for it all the time. 3) To

12、wards evening into his yard came a chick followed by his neighbor Wang who ran to catch it. 4) Naturally Zhangs wife wouldnt let him go with the chick. 5) And so a quarrel ensued. 6) It turned out that Wang had also lost one of his two chicks recently which he bought nearly the same time as Mr Zhang

13、 did. 7) Their quarrel drew another neighbor Lee to the yard to see what was happening. 8) Having heard the story he put the chick somewhere between their homes and let it off. 9) The chick went straight to join Zhangs flock. 10) Wang had no more to say but made an immediate apologize. Thus ended th

14、e quarrel over a chick.,表達性增詞法,37. 中國的影響，中國的成就，在世界上到處可見。 The signs (evidences) of Chinas influence and success abound in the world. 38. 最近幾年，考托福的人大大減少了。 In recent years, the number of people who take the TOEFL test has decreased. 39. 要提倡顧全大局。 We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situati

15、on into consideration. 40. 我隨時可以在家里接待客人了。 Im now ready to meet my guests at my home.,詞語翻譯技巧初探,移植法 增詞法 減詞法 換譯法 反義法 分譯法 釋義法 虛實轉(zhuǎn)換,減詞法,語法性減詞 語義性減詞：減詞法不能減掉原文的內(nèi)容，所減之詞，其內(nèi)涵雖然在譯文字面上沒有體現(xiàn)出來，卻隱藏在譯文中。,語義性減詞法,41. 我們應(yīng)該推動農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)、加工和銷售的有機結(jié)合。 We should integrate the production, processing and marketing of agricultural

16、products. 42. 只有雨還在刷刷、刷刷地下著。 Only the rain continued to pour. 43. 那我們來談?wù)勎乃噯栴}。 Shall we talk about literature and arts?,語義性減詞法,44. 我們黨結(jié)束了那個時期的社會動蕩和紛擾不安的局面。 Our Party has put an end to the social unrest and upheaval of that time. 45. 他的家里很窮，但是他從小就認真讀書、刻苦學(xué)習。 His family was very poor, but he worked hard

17、 at his studies even in early childhood.,案例分析1,我的英語水平提高了。 譯文1：The level of my English has improved. 譯文2：My English has improved. 大樓的質(zhì)量不好。 譯文1：The quality of the building is poor. 譯文2：The building is not well built.,案例分析1,有時英語中一些詞的本身，或上下文中已包括漢語中許多字的意思，因此翻譯中不要把漢語中每個詞譯出。,詞內(nèi)信息重復(fù)的語義性減詞,46. 由于各種各樣的原因，他們常常

18、感到心情壓抑，事業(yè)受挫。 They often feel depressed and frustrated for a variety of reasons. 47. 這份雜志內(nèi)容有趣，文字淺顯，立即暢銷全國。 The magazine has gained immediate nationwide popularity at once as it is interesting and easy.,詞內(nèi)信息重復(fù)的語義性減詞,48. 他家里很窮，沒有什么衣服可穿，也沒有什么東西可吃。 His family was so poor that they did not have enough foo

19、d and clothing. 49. 醫(yī)生給了她一些治療感冒的藥。 The doctor gave her some medicine for her cold.,一、表示狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)的漢語概念,試譯,50. 各學(xué)校正采取步驟糾正教學(xué)和科研不平衡的狀況。 51. 在表面平靜的生活下面一直有一種不滿和不安的情緒。 52. 他在日記中記下了這位詩人對中國未來的悲觀看法。 53. 這個會議的召開表明十年社會動蕩局面的結(jié)束。 54. 在工作中，大家都必須杜絕浪費和低效率的現(xiàn)象。,參考答案,50. Colleges and universities are taking measures to redr

20、ess the imbalance between teaching and research. 51. There always was dissatisfied restlessness under the placid surface of life. 52. He noted in his diary the poets pessimism regarding the future of China. 53. The meeting signified an end to the social unrest, which lasted for ten years. 54. It is

21、necessary to put an end to waste and inefficiency in our work.,二、修飾詞加動詞結(jié)構(gòu),試譯,55. 我們要進一步簡化手續(xù)，及時地、積極地吸收外資。 56. 大氣污染嚴重損害了人的健康，大大縮短人的壽命。 57. 幾百萬的私人小企業(yè)大大地推動了國家的經(jīng)濟。 58. 要認真做好思想教育工作。,參考答案,55. We must simplify procedures and take prompt action to suck in capital. 56. Air pollution criples and shortens the l

22、ives of human beings. 57. Millions of small private enterprises have fuelled the nations economy. 58. Stress must be laid on ideological education.,案例分析2,他們八面玲瓏，到處有緣。 譯文：They are well liked everywhere. 海峽兩岸的中國人都是骨肉同胞，手足兄弟。 譯文：The Chinese on both sides of the Taiwan Straits are of the same blood.,案例分

23、析2,中文的行文沒有英語那么嚴謹?；蛐揶o原因，或文風原因，文章中往往有不少重復(fù)的信息，在翻譯時要分析，把多余、重復(fù)的信息去掉。,句內(nèi)信息重復(fù)的語義性減詞,59. 他雖然帶著五七分酒意，卻裝作十分醉的，前顛后仰，東倒西歪。水滸 60. 要堅定信心，勇于探索，大膽實踐。 61. 家庭中最有損個人健康的因素為夫妻間的無休止的日夜爭吵和猜疑。,參考答案,59. He was not really drunk, but pretended he was intoxicated and staggered along. 60. We should be firm in determination and

24、bold in exploration and practice. 61. Among other things in a family which affect a persons health is the endless quarrels and suspicions between husband and wife.,詞語翻譯技巧初探,移植法 增詞法 減詞法 換譯法 反義法 分譯法 釋義法 虛實轉(zhuǎn)換,換譯法,漢語動詞的換譯 漢語名詞的換譯 漢語形容詞和副詞的換譯,漢語動詞的換譯(1),交易增加，要求流通的貨幣量也增加。 The fact that business increases

25、requires that the amount of money which is generally circulated be also increased. An increase in business requires an increase in the amount of money coming into general circulation.,漢語動詞的換譯(1),當漢語句子中的動詞連續(xù)出現(xiàn)時，將其中的某個或某些動詞換譯為英語名詞，可以使翻譯后的英文句子地道自然。,漢語動詞的換譯(1),62. 絕不允許違反這個原則。 No violation of this princi

26、ple can be tolerated. 63. 計算機出現(xiàn)后，這種論調(diào)才流行。 This argument was not prevalent until the advent of computers. 64. 她負責翻譯這個章節(jié)。 She is responsible for the translation of this chapter.,漢語動詞的換譯(2),漢語動詞的換譯(2),漢語喜歡從動態(tài)角度反映某些靜態(tài)現(xiàn)實，而英文則反之。在翻譯漢語句子時，常將漢語的表動態(tài)的動詞換譯為英文的表靜態(tài)的形容詞，使譯文符合英文習慣。,漢語動詞的換譯(2),65. 我們切不可滿足于僅僅有的一點點書本

27、知識。 We should never be content with a little book knowledge only. 66. 他熱愛科學(xué)研究，但對提升職稱不感興趣。 He is keen on scientific research but indifferent to promotion. 67. 他一點都不清楚自己想過什么樣的生活。 He isnt at all clear about what he wants to do with his life.,漢語動詞的換譯(2),這類詞性轉(zhuǎn)換的常用動詞還有：be grateful to, be good at, be aware

28、 of, be content with, be unequal to, be familiar with, be certain, be careful, be free from, be worthy of, be superior to, be inferior to等。,漢語動詞的換譯(3),英語介詞具有豐富的詞匯意義，由于搭配不同，意義不同，可以表達漢語中常用動詞的意義。重形合的英語用介詞比重意合的漢語多，而且有些英語介詞是由動詞演變而來，具有動詞特征。所以有些漢語動詞可以用英語介詞或介詞詞組來譯。,漢語動詞的換譯(3),68. 他到商店去買醬油。 He went to the sh

29、op for a bottle of sauce. 69. 我們不應(yīng)該只追求名譽地位。 We should not be after only fame and position. 70. 我謹代表全公司，感謝你所做的所有工作。 On behalf of the entire company, I would like to thank you for all your work.,漢語動詞的換譯(4),英語中表示狀態(tài)、方位和方向等意義的副詞往往具有動態(tài)的意義。漢語口語中的動詞常常轉(zhuǎn)換成英語的副詞，這類副詞常見的有in，on，out，over等。,漢語動詞的換譯(4),71. 收音機開著呢。

30、The radio is on. 72. 他們的試驗已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。 Their experiment has been over. 73. 今天晚上演什么？ What is on tonight? 74. 她坐在那里沉默了一會兒，然后哭了起來。 She sat silently for a while, then started weeping.,換譯法,漢語動詞的換譯 漢語名詞的換譯 漢語形容詞和副詞的換譯,漢語名詞的換譯(1),75 雄偉的人民大會堂給我們留下了深刻的印象。 The magnificent Great Hall of the People impressed us great

31、ly. 76. 他的畫的特點是筆力沉著、色彩鮮明。 His paintings are characterized by steady strokes and bright colors.,漢語名詞的換譯(1),英語中有一部分動詞是從名詞派生出來的，有的英語名詞同時也可兼做動詞用。漢語中有些名詞，尤其是抽象名詞，做主語、表語或賓語時，如果也譯為名詞，句子就不地道，不符合英文的習慣，可酌情譯為動詞。,試譯,77. 社會主義的革命目的是解放生產(chǎn)力。 Socialist revolution aims at liberating the productive forces. 78. 無知與疏忽是這錯

32、誤的原因。 Ignorance and negligence has caused this mistake. 79. 橄欖枝是和平的象征。 Olive branch symbolizes peace.,漢語名詞的換譯(1),這類詞性換譯的漢語名詞還有：區(qū)別（differ）、化身（personify）、象征（symbolize）、定義（define）、設(shè)計（design）、形狀（shape）、重量（weigh）、意思（mean）等等。,漢語名詞的換譯(2),80. 他們將為盲人和聾人建所學(xué)校。 They will build a school for the blind and the dea

33、f. 81. 全體傷員送進醫(yī)院去了。 All the wound were sent into the hospital.,漢語名詞的換譯(2),英語的有些形容詞加上定冠詞the就可以變成名詞，表示一類人，因此，在翻譯漢語名詞時，有時可以采取英語的這種表達方法，以符合英語的表達習慣。有時也可換譯成副詞。,試譯,82. 我們應(yīng)該尊老愛幼。 We should respect the old and love the young. 83. 在資本主義制度下，富人越富，窮人越窮。 Under the capitalist system, the rich get richer and the poo

34、r get poorer. 84. 學(xué)生們應(yīng)該德智體全面發(fā)展。 All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically. 85. 樓下有人在哭。 There is a man crying downstairs.,換譯法,漢語動詞的換譯 漢語名詞的換譯 漢語形容詞和副詞的換譯,漢語形容詞和副詞的換譯(1),86. 溫暖的屋子使他感到昏昏欲睡。 The warmth of the room made him sleepy. 87. 空氣使人感到分外涼爽、舒暢。 The air gave people a fee

35、ling of exceptional coolness and comfort.,漢語形容詞和副詞的換譯(1),在英語中，有一些名詞是從形容詞派生出來的，具有形容詞的一些特性。在漢語句子中做定語的形容詞，可譯為英語中的名詞。,漢語形容詞和副詞的換譯(1),88. 他光榮地出席了人民代表大會。 He has the honor to attend the Peoples Congress. 89. 他好意地給我指路。 He had the kindness to show me the way.,漢語形容詞和副詞的換譯(1),漢語的副詞一般在漢語中作狀語或補語，在譯成英文時，有時可以換譯為英文

36、的名詞。,漢語形容詞和副詞的換譯(2),90. 他不參加比賽，我十分失望。 To my disappointment, he did not attend the competition. 91. 我們看到了一片欣欣向榮的景象。 We saw a picture of prosperity. 92. 父親不贊成地看著他。 Father looked at him in disapproval. 93. 我們決不退讓。 Under no circumstances will we give in.,漢語形容詞和副詞的換譯(2),英語中介詞是非常靈活的詞，在句子中表達簡練、精確。因此，漢語句子中的

37、形容詞或副詞常常在英語中用介詞或介詞短語表示。,漢語形容詞和副詞的換譯(3),94. 我們政府十分關(guān)懷海外華僑。 Our government shows great concern for the Chinese residents abroad. 95. 我想男孩子的思維方式與女孩子是不一樣的。 I suppose boys think differently from girls. 96. 我們應(yīng)當充分利用現(xiàn)有的自然資源。 We should make full use of the natural resources available. 97. 她慢條斯理地點了一下頭，表示同意。 S

38、he agreed with a slow nod.,漢語形容詞和副詞的換譯(3),漢語形容詞換譯成英語副詞或漢語副詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為英語形容詞，雖然這種情況比較少，但是在一定場合下，這種換譯能使譯文更地道。,詞語翻譯技巧初探,移植法 增詞法 減詞法 換譯法 反義法 分譯法 釋義法 虛實轉(zhuǎn)換,反譯法,案例分析,我們馬上就要到了。 Well be there in no time. 油漆未干。 Wet paint. 昨晚我沒出去。 I stayed at home last night. 我決不會辜負父母的期望。 I will live up to my parents expectation.,反譯法,

39、由于英漢語言在表達否定意義上形式差異較大，有必要采用反譯法，其目的是使譯文的表述更符合目標語言讀者的思維習慣。,案例分析1,98. 我們剛到家就開始下雨了。 We had no sooner got home than it began to rain. 99. 他是非常勇敢的。 He is no coward. 100. 他住在一座危樓中。 He lived in an insecure building.,反譯法 - 正話反說,漢語中由肯定形式表達的句子在英語中找不到與之相對應(yīng)的表達形式，因此，翻譯時要轉(zhuǎn)換成否定形式，才符合英語的習慣。,案例分析2,101. 閱讀遠非知識的唯一來源。 Re

40、ading is far from the only source of knowledge. 102. 我在任何場合都不會感到拘束。 I am usually quite at ease in any occasion. 103. 他承認對中國的了解還不夠。 He admitted that there is a general lack of understanding of China.,反譯法 - 反話正說,漢語中由否定形式表達的句子在英語中找不到與之相對應(yīng)的表達形式，因此，翻譯時要轉(zhuǎn)換成肯定形式，才符合英語的習慣。,選擇性反譯與強制性反譯,The world economy is i

41、n great recession. 嚴重蕭條（很不景氣） His strength left him suddenly. 體力不濟（體力消失） 104. 他已入暮年，未免力不從心。 His age is working against him.,詞語翻譯技巧初探,移植法 增詞法 減詞法 換譯法 反義法 分譯法 釋義法 虛實轉(zhuǎn)換,分譯法,It is an important catalyst to the cause of our liberation. 這是我國解放事業(yè)的重要催化劑。 這是促進我國解放事業(yè)的重要因素。 105. 前事不忘，后事之師也。 Do not forget previo

42、us experiences but take them as lessons for generations. 106. 它那得意的神態(tài)，確實招人喜愛。 Its proud and self-satisfied manner was really enchanting.,詞語翻譯技巧初探,移植法 增詞法 減詞法 換譯法 反義法 分譯法 釋義法 虛實轉(zhuǎn)換,釋義法,Early Reagan was a mirror image of early Carter. 上臺時的里根有著執(zhí)政初期卡特的鏡子形象。 里根上臺時在做法上跟執(zhí)政初期的卡特毫無二致。 This man is the black sh

43、eep of the family. 這個人是家中的害群之馬。 107. 我們是一個蘿卜一個坑，騰不出人手來。 Were so busy that no one can be spared for any other work.,釋義法,釋義法，就是解釋詞語的意思，通常應(yīng)用于英譯漢。當原文中某個詞語在譯入語中無法找到與之對應(yīng)的詞語，可考慮放棄原文的表面形式，對該詞語進行適當?shù)年U釋。,詞語翻譯技巧初探,移植法 增詞法 減詞法 換譯法 反義法 分譯法 釋義法 虛實轉(zhuǎn)換,虛實轉(zhuǎn)換,一、實述虛化 （一）對義聚合體詞語 （二）形象詞語 二、虛述實化 （一）普通詞語 （二）溢美詞語 （三）模糊詞語 （四）縮略詞語,實述虛化-對義聚合體詞語,父母、兄弟 松竹梅、天地人 王侯將相、男女老少、花鳥魚蟲 金木水火土、工農(nóng)商學(xué)兵 茶米油鹽醬醋茶、赤橙黃綠青藍紫,實述虛化-對義聚合體詞語,兄弟姐妹 relatives 綾羅綢緞 fine clothes 吃喝玩樂 enjoy ones life 108. 只要你嫁給我，雞鴨魚肉，綾羅綢緞，一輩子享用不盡。 If you are willing to marry me,