1、.Unit1 ：interdisciplinemechanical property交叉學(xué)科力學(xué)性質(zhì)介電常數(shù)dielectric constant電磁輻射 electro-magnetic radiation固體性質(zhì) solid materials材料加工processing of materials熱容 heat capacity彈性模量（模數(shù)） elastic coefficient1.直到最近，科學(xué)家才終于了解材料的結(jié)構(gòu)要素與其特性之間的關(guān)系。 It was not until relatively recent times that scientists came to underst

2、and the relationship between the structural elements of materials and their properties .2.材料工程學(xué)主要解決材料的制造問(wèn)題和材料的應(yīng)用問(wèn)題。Material engineeringmainly to solve the problem and create material application.3.材料的加工過(guò)程不但決定了材料的結(jié)構(gòu)，同時(shí)決定了材料的特征和性能。Materials processing process is not only to de structure and decided th

3、at the material characteristic and performance.4.材料的力學(xué)性能與其所受外力或負(fù)荷而導(dǎo)致的形變有關(guān)。 Material mechanical properties with the extemal force or in de deformation of the load.Unit2 ：先進(jìn)材料advanced material合金 metal alloys陶瓷材料ceramic material移植implant to粘土礦物clay minerals玻璃纖維glass fiber高性能材料high performance material碳

4、納米管carbon nanotub1、金屬元素有許多有利電子，金屬材料的許多性質(zhì)可直接歸功于這些電子。 Metallic materials have large numbers of nonlocalized electrons， many properties of metals are directly attributable to these electrons.2、許多聚合物材料是有機(jī)化合物，并具有大的分子結(jié)構(gòu)。 Many of polymers are organic compounds,and they have very large molecular structures.

5、3、半導(dǎo)體材料的典型特征介于導(dǎo)體材料（如金屬、金屬合金）與絕緣體（陶瓷材料和聚合體材料）之間。 Semiconductors have electrical properties that are intermediate between the electrical conductors ( viz. metals and metal alloys ) and insulators ( viz. ceramics and polymers ).4、生物材料不能產(chǎn)生毒性， 并且不許與人體組織互相兼容。 Biomaterials must not produce toxic substances

6、 and must be compatible with body tissues.Unit3 ：微觀結(jié)構(gòu)microstructure電荷平衡balanced electrical charge宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)macrostructure帶正電子的原子核positivelycharge化學(xué)反應(yīng)chemical reactionnucleu原子量atomic1、從我們呼吸的空氣到各種各樣性質(zhì)迥異的金屬，成千上完中物質(zhì)均是由 100 多種院子組成的。 These same 100 atoms form thousands of different substances ranging from the a

7、ir we breathe to the metal used to support tall buildings.2、事實(shí)證明金屬原子是通過(guò)很強(qiáng)的鍵結(jié)合在一起的。The strength of metals suggests that these atoms are held together by strong bonds.3、微觀結(jié)構(gòu)是指能夠通過(guò)顯微鏡觀察到的而不是用肉眼直接觀察到的結(jié)構(gòu)，宏觀是指可以直接用肉眼觀察到的結(jié)構(gòu)。Microstructure, which includes features that cannot be seen with the naked eye, but

8、 using a microscope. Macrostructure includes features that can be seen with the naked eye.4、原子核中質(zhì)子和中子的量的綜合就是原子量。The atomic weight of an atom indicates how many protons and neutrons in the nucleus.Unit4 ：相轉(zhuǎn)變溫度重力加速度phase transformation temperaturesthe acceleration ofgravity比重 specific gravity磁導(dǎo)率 magne

9、tic permeability熔點(diǎn) the melting point熱導(dǎo)率 thermal conductivity1. 化學(xué)性質(zhì)是用來(lái)描述一種物質(zhì)是怎樣變成另外一種完全不同的物質(zhì)的性質(zhì)。Physical properties are those that can be observed without changing the identity of thesubstance.2. 相變是一種物理性質(zhì)，并且物質(zhì)存在四種相：固相、液相、氣相和等離子體。Phase is a physical property of matter and matter can exist in four ph

10、ases : solid , liquid , gas and plasma .3. 當(dāng)溫度低于熔點(diǎn)時(shí)，聚合物的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)破壞，但其分子任然連接在分子鏈上，從而形成一種柔軟和柔順性材料。 Instead , at some temperature below the melting point , they start to lose their crystalline structure but the molecules remain linked inchains , which results in a soft and pliable material.4. 在工程應(yīng)用中，滲透率通常用

11、相對(duì)值而不是絕對(duì)值表示。 In engineering applications , permeability is often expressed in relative , rather than in absolute , terms .Unit5 ：實(shí)驗(yàn)樣品test specimen臨界應(yīng)力critical stress靜負(fù)荷static loading屈服強(qiáng)度yield strength作用力applied force應(yīng)力面積stress area垂直軸normal axis應(yīng)力 -應(yīng)變曲線stress-strain curve工程應(yīng)變engineering strain1. 通常，

12、溫度低于室溫時(shí)，金屬合金的強(qiáng)度性質(zhì)降低，而延展性、破碎韌度和拉伸性能增強(qiáng)。 Temperature above room temperature usually cause a decrease in thestrength properties of metallic alloys.2. 從材料的角度來(lái)說(shuō)，盈利是一種在材料內(nèi)部所分布的力，他可以平衡所施加的負(fù)荷并與其發(fā)生相互作用。 From the perspective of what is happening within a material , stress is the internal distribution of forces

13、 within a body that balance and.react to the loads applied to it.3. 工程應(yīng)變可定義為： 所施加立方向上的材料的改變量與材料原始長(zhǎng)度的比值。Engineering strain is defined as the amount of deformation in the direction of the applied force divided by the initial length of the material .4. 高強(qiáng)度和高延展性的材料比低強(qiáng)度和地延展性的材料的韌性高。 A material with high

14、stress and high ductility will have more toughness than a material with low strength and low ductilityUnit6 ：國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 GDP衛(wèi)生保健 health cane市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì) market economies材料科學(xué)與工程MSE社會(huì)問(wèn)題 societal issues國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值 GNP經(jīng)濟(jì)指數(shù) economic index人口增長(zhǎng)率 population grouth rate1、然而，隨著時(shí)間的變化，人類(lèi)的革新與創(chuàng)造力，工程師滿足社會(huì)需求的能力和建立工程企業(yè)的精神是永恒不變的。 Howe

15、ver， some things that have been constant over time are human innovation and creativity, the engineers ability to address societal needs , and the entrepreneurial spirit of engineering.2、我們可以看到醫(yī)學(xué)、通信學(xué)和運(yùn)輸工業(yè)的革命給我們生活帶來(lái)的變化。We have witnessed the re-shaping of our lives through revolution that have taken pl

16、ace in medicine, telecommunications, and transportation industries.3、18%的世界人口缺少安全飲用水，幾乎 40%缺少環(huán)境衛(wèi)生設(shè)施。 Eighteen percent of the world s population lacks access to safe drinking water and nearly 40% has no access to sanitation.4、材料與社會(huì)是相互聯(lián)系的，并且我們應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)為材料科學(xué)工程的發(fā)展與影響人類(lèi)生存條件的全球社會(huì)問(wèn)題存在密切的關(guān)系，這是唯一理性的看法。Materials an

17、d society are interlinked, and it is only rational that we should see a close relation between the MSE research agenda and societal issues that affect the human condition on the globe.Unit7 ：離域電子delocalized electrons核電荷nuclear charge電子結(jié)構(gòu)e lectrical structure導(dǎo)電性e lectrical conductivity堿土金屬 a lkali-ea

18、rth metals價(jià)帶 valence bands核電荷nuclear charge離子晶格the ion latti化學(xué)電池electrochemical cell1、金屬有時(shí)被描述為由游離電子團(tuán)包圍的正離子晶格。 Metals are sometimes described as a lattice of positive ions surrounded by a cloud of delocalized electrons.2、通常地，金屬具有良好的導(dǎo)電性和導(dǎo)熱性，具有金屬光澤，密度較大，并且具有在壓力下變形而不會(huì)斷裂的能力。Metals in general have superior electric andthermal conductivity, high luster and density and the ability to be deformed under stress without cleaving.3、合金是指兩種或