1、,Renaissance and Reformation,General introduction Background Medieval architecture The famous people and their works,Renaissance (around1300-1650),General Introduction,The word “renaissance” means revival, specifically in this period of history,revival of interest In ancient Conservatism of the feud

2、alism and the Roman church vs humanism of the rising bourgeoisie,Renaissance (around1300-1650),Humanism vs. Christianity religion philosophy heaven earth beauty of God beauty of the human body clergy牧師, 教士 humanist death and the other word living for the present,Renaissance (around1300-1650),Renaiss

3、ance,我是人，人所具有的我無不具有。 拉丁詩人 特倫斯（2 B.C.） Renaissance(humanism) the Papal states教皇國；the kingdom of Naples那布勒斯王國) c. Florence (prosperous seaport in the late 15th cent.) flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture rise of humanist ideas d. Venice : Venetian art 威尼斯畫派,Medieval architecture,Between

4、the time of Roman Architecture (30BC-300 AD) and the rebirth of Rome as the center of architecture during the Renaissance( 1400-1600), there were 4 overlapping, but distinctive periods of architecture: Early Christian, Byzantine, Romanesque and Gothic .The common belief in Christianity created an ar

5、chitectural and social unifying force. The great monuments of this period were all designed for the greater glorification of the Christian God.,The famous people and their works,Renaissance,New literature Giovanni Boccaccio薄伽丘: Decameron十日談：a prose fiction,Renaissance,Francesco Petrarch彼德拉克(One of t

6、he poets who invented Sonnet十四行詩,商籟體) It was the morning那天早晨 It was the morning of that blessed day, 那一天，太陽也為哀悼上帝變得陰晦 Whereon the Sun in pity veiled his glare 我不曾抵抗就做了俘虜，F(xiàn)or the Lords agony, that, unaware, 因為，夫人，您那美麗的眼睛射出的無形視線I fell a captive, Lady, to the sway 將我捆縛起來，如同囚犯一般。 Of your swift eyes; tha

7、t seemed no time to stay 當(dāng)時我沒有意識到預(yù)防愛神的糾纏， The strokes of love: I stepped into the snare 依然若無其事、自信地邁步向前 Secure, with no suspicion: then and there 殊不知就在此刻，我的感情之苦I found my cue in mans most tragic play. 已經(jīng)伴隨著人間之痛一起涌起波漣。 Love caught me naked in his shaft, his sheaf, 在愛神面前我毫無防范，The entrance for his ambus

8、h and surprise 從眼睛到心靈全都門扉大開，Against the heart wide open through the eyes, 雙眼變成熱淚流淌的通道和源泉。 The constant gate and fountain of my grief 但我以為，此情此景之下How craven so to strike me so, 用箭射中我并不是什么榮耀， Yet from you fully armed conceal his bow!因為對您，一個有防范的人，它從不會放箭。,Renaissance,Renaissance Art distinct features: a.

9、change of social status of artists craftsmen of the church artists b.change of artistic theme celestial realm all aspects of nature and man c.study of ruins of Roman and Greek artistic principles d.Scientific theories of anatomy解剖學(xué) and perspective透視法,Renaissance,Renaissance Artists Giotto喬托: Fresco壁

10、畫 (dignity of human figures),The Mourning of Christ,Flight into Egypt,Betrayal of Judas,Renaissance,Donatello多那太羅 ： anatomy in sculpture,David,The Gattamelata Equestrian Statue 格太梅拉達騎馬像,Renaissance,Giorgione喬爾喬內(nèi) (use of colour schemes配色),Tempesta：a group of pictures(scene before, in and after the st

11、orm),Sleeping Venus,Renaissance,High Renaissance鼎盛時期 Artists Leonardo da Vinci a.a man of many talents b.Uniting precision line with rhythm of movement c.Light and shade明暗 d.Scientific experiments and designings e.Expression of emtional states內(nèi)心境界的表達(quotation),Renaissance,High Renaissance鼎盛時期 Artis

12、ts Leonardo da Vinci,Last Supper,Mona Lisa,Renaissance,Michelangelo Buonarroti米開朗基羅 Sculpture : mans beauty, nobility, anguish and energy,David: muscular body and tense emotion; combination of outer calm and inner tension,Fresco: Sistine Chapel西斯廷教堂,Dying Slave,Moses,Raphael拉斐爾: elegant Raphael Pain

13、ting: the exquisite harmony and balance of the High Renaissance,Madonna del Granduca,Madonna with the fish,Titian提香 A Venetian painter: A supreme colorist（firm Oil color on canvas油畫,Venus of Urbino,Sacred and Profane Love天上的愛與人間的愛,Madonna of the Pesaro Family,Portrait：Man with the Glove,Renaissance

14、in other countries,Renaissance in France Francois Rabelais 拉伯雷：Gargantua and Pantagruel巨人傳 Michel Eyques de Montaigne 蒙田：Essais散文集,Francois Rabelais,Montaigne,Renaissance in other countries,Renaissance in Spain Miguel de Cervantes塞萬提斯: Don Quixot堂吉訶德,Renaissance in other countries,Renaissance in Eng

15、land Thomas More: Utopia 烏托邦,Works of William Shakespeare,Comedy Alls Well That Ends Well As You Like It The Comedy of Errors Cymbeline Loves Labours Lost Measure for Measure The Merry Wives of Windsor The Merchant of Venice A Midsummer Nights Dream Much Ado About Nothing Pericles, Prince of Tyre Ta

16、ming of the Shrew The Tempest Troilus and Cressida Twelfth Night Two Gentlemen of Verona Winters Tale,History Henry IV, part 1 Henry IV, part 2 Henry V Henry VI, part 1 Henry VI, part 2 Henry VI, part 3 Henry VIII King John Richard II Richard III,Tragedy Antony and Cleopatra Coriolanus Hamlet Julius

17、 Caesar King Lear Macbeth Othello Romeo and Juliet Timon of Athens Titus Andronicus,Poetry The Sonnets A Lovers Complaint The Rape of Lucrece Venus and Adonis Funeral Elegy by W.S.,William Shakespeare,Renaissance,人有兩只耳朵，一只聽從上帝的聲音，一只聽從魔鬼的聲音。 Victor Hugo 雨果對基督教內(nèi)在矛盾的比喻 Contradiction of Christianity p14

18、3 Roman influence：Materialism物質(zhì)主義 & carnalism縱欲主義 vs. Christianity：Spiritualism唯靈主義,Reformation and Counter-Reformation,Martin Luther and his Doctrines (p143) Beginning of the Reformation(p146) Translation of the Bible Gospel of Love and Ideas of Equality (p147),Counter-Reformation,Council of Trent

19、特倫托會議 Ignatius伊納爵 and the Jesuits耶穌會教徒,Protestantism and the Rise of Capitalism,Protestantism新教 is one of the three major divisions within Christianity (or four, if Anglicanism英國國教會is considered separately) together with the Eastern Orthodox Church東正教 and the Roman Catholic Church羅馬天主教. The term is

20、most closely tied to those groups that separated from the Roman Catholic Church in the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation. The doctrines of the various Protestant denominations vary, but nearly unanimous doctrines include justification by grace through faith and not through works, the priestho

21、od of all believers, and the Bible as the ultimate authority in matters of faith and order. In the sixteenth century the followers of Martin Luther established the evangelical churches of Germany and Scandinavia. Reformed churches in Switzerland were established by John Calvin and more radical refor

22、mers such as Huldrych Zwingli. Thomas Cranmer reformed the Church of England and later John Knox established a more radical Calvinist communion in the Church of Scotland.,Reformation and Counter-Reformation,John Calvin (1509-1564) Calvinism加爾文主義 : （p147） Strict theological doctrine of the French Pro

23、testant新教徒(指16世紀(jì)脫離羅馬天主教之基督教團體或后來由其形成的教派成員) church reformer John Calvin and the basis of Puritan清教徒( a group of English Protestants )society. Calvin held that all humans were born sinful and only Gods grace (not the church) could save a person from hell. In 1620, the first group of puritans landed the North America by “May Flower.” The influence of Puritanism on Americans pioneering spirit,John Calvin,Reformation and Counter-Reformation,In the colonial era of the United States, Puritanism became the mainstream idea for th