1、Traditional Chinese Medicine English Course,Jeanelle Chin,中醫(yī)各科表達法,中醫(yī) traditional Chinese medicine traditional Chinese physician 中藥學(xué) Chinese materia medica 中醫(yī)藥 traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacology 中西醫(yī)結(jié)合 integration of traditional and western medicine 中醫(yī)基礎(chǔ)理論 basic theory of traditional Chines

2、e medicine 中醫(yī)診斷學(xué) diagnostics of traditional Chinese medicine 方劑學(xué) prescriptions of Chinese materia medica 中醫(yī)內(nèi)科學(xué) internal medicine of traditional Chinese medicine 中醫(yī)外科學(xué) surgery of traditional Chinese medicine,中醫(yī)皮膚科學(xué) dermatology of traditional Chinese medicine 中醫(yī)肛腸科學(xué) proctology of traditional Chinese m

3、edicine 中醫(yī)婦科學(xué) gynecology of traditional Chinese medicine 中醫(yī)兒科學(xué) pediatrics of traditional Chinese medicine 中醫(yī)眼科學(xué) ophthalmology of traditional Chinese medicine 中醫(yī)耳鼻喉科學(xué) otorhinolaryngology of traditional Chinese medicine 中醫(yī)骨傷科學(xué) osteology and traumatology of traditional Chinese medicine,中醫(yī)英語翻譯的基本特點,1.1

4、仿造 翻譯 SL 的無等值詞匯時，用 TL 中的直接對應(yīng)詞代換無等值詞匯的組成部分 (詞素 / 詞) 借用英語中已有的相關(guān)單詞來表達中醫(yī)學(xué)特有的概念 肝血liver blood 血虛blood deficiency 活血化瘀activating blood to resolve stagnation,中醫(yī)英語翻譯的基本特點,1.1 仿造 (imitation) 句子層次的翻譯也能運用仿造法 從陰陽則生，逆之則死。 Following (the law of) yin and yang ensures life, while violating it leads to death. 陰虛則熱，陽

5、虛則寒。 Deficiency of yin generates heat and deficiency of yang produces cold.,中醫(yī)英語翻譯的基本特點,1.2 定義化 (definition) 中醫(yī)術(shù)語高度凝煉，難以用同樣長短的英語表達清楚 翻譯往往以解釋、定義方式進行 辨證論治 diagnosis and treatment based on the overall analysis of symptoms and signs 虛脹 Flatulence due to yang-deficiency of the spleen and kidney,中醫(yī)英語翻譯的基本

6、特點,1.2 定義化 缺點 簡潔變?nèi)唛L，違反科技術(shù)語翻譯、使用的原則 和語境難以配合 有礙中醫(yī)術(shù)語英譯邁向規(guī)範 簡化處理 辨證論治 treatment based on syndrome differentiation (Li) identifying patterns and determining treatment (Wiseman) 虛脹 deficiency-flatulence vacuity distension,中醫(yī)英語翻譯的基本特點,1.3 詞義分化 同一中醫(yī)術(shù)語在不同語境下，可以有不同涵義 (一詞多義 polysemy) 同一概念也可用不同術(shù)語表達 (同義詞 synonym

7、y) 虛 asthenia, deficiency, insufficiency, weakness, debility, hypofunction,中醫(yī)英語翻譯的基本特點,1.3 詞義分化 脾虛 asthenia of the spleen (Li) spleen vacuity (Wiseman) spleen deficiency (WHO draft)* 脾虛水泛 hypofunction of the spleen* (Li) 體虛 weakness / debility,中醫(yī)英語翻譯的基本特點,1.3 詞義分化 必須考慮語境 a) 腎藏精，精舍志。 精指精氣 The kidney

8、stores essence and the essence maintains activities. b) 精1傷則骨痠痿厥，精2 時自下。 精1 指腎精； 精2 指精液 The damage of the kidney essence causes aching and flaccidity of the bones as well as cold sensation in the limbs, which will further leads to frequent seminal emission.,中醫(yī)英語翻譯的基本特點,1.3 詞義分化 (續(xù)) 必須考慮語境 c) 脈理精微，其體

9、難辨。 精 指精深 The theory of pulse is very profound and the conditions of pulse are difficult to differentiate.,中醫(yī)英語翻譯的基本特點,1.4 拼音化 當英語無法表達中醫(yī)特有概念時，用拼音翻譯 氣 Vital energy * Qi 動筆！ which term(s) should be phonetically transcribed? 四氣五味 滋陰降火,2 中醫(yī)翻譯的困難,2.1 詞匯缺口 (lexical gap) 翻譯人員各有不同考慮、偏好 五行 five elements, fiv

10、e phases, wuxing 命門 gate of life, vital gate, vitaport, mingmen 三焦 three warmers, triple burners, three heaters, triple energizers, sanjiao 五臟 five solid organs, five bowels, five zang-organs, five zang-visceras, wuzang,中醫(yī)特有的表達,先天之氣 氣的運動變化 正邪相爭 形神統(tǒng)一 陰陽失調(diào) 三部九候 三焦主決瀆 肝，體陰而用陽 精血同源,2 中醫(yī)翻譯的困難,2.2 理解偏差 歷時

11、、文化因素，使得術(shù)語理解困難 帶下醫(yī)- 失笑散 Powder for Lost Smiles* Sudden Smile Powder 黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng) Yellow Emperors Internal Medicine * (Huangdis) Canon of Medicine Huangdis Classics on Medicine Huangdis Internal Classic Huangdi Neijing,中醫(yī)英語的翻譯方法,一、借用西醫(yī)用語 由于疾病屬于客觀存在物，不管你如何稱呼它，它總是客觀存在的。例如發(fā)生在中國人身上的生理現(xiàn)象和病理變化在其他民族的人身上也會發(fā)生，因此中國人對某

12、個生理現(xiàn)象和病理變化的稱呼在其他民族的語言中也應(yīng)該能找到對應(yīng)的說法。這是毫無疑問的，因為它屬于人類共同經(jīng)驗寶庫中的一部分。所以在翻譯中醫(yī)的有關(guān)疾病名稱時，可以借用相應(yīng)的現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)用語。,借用西醫(yī)術(shù)語 動筆！ 心悸 便秘 便溏 遺尿 黃疸 納呆,借用西醫(yī)術(shù)語（一）,中醫(yī)病癥名 西醫(yī)病癥名 心悸 palpitation 便秘 constipation 呃逆 hiccup 遺尿 enuresis 黃疸 jaundice 白喉 diphtheria 癃閉 retention of urine 經(jīng)閉 amenorrhea 納呆 indigestion,中醫(yī)療法名稱 西醫(yī)療法名稱 放血 bloodletti

13、ng 驅(qū)蟲 anthelmintic treatment 正骨 reduction 止血 hemostasis, hemostasia 止痛 analgesia 止瀉 antidiarrhea,借用西醫(yī)術(shù)語（二）,中醫(yī)用語英語翻譯的方法,二、直譯法 （一）基礎(chǔ)理論 動筆！ 陽化氣 陰中之陰 木生火 抑木扶土 補母瀉子 * 心開竅於舌 脾主運化 * 肺主氣司呼吸,陽化氣 yang transforming into qi 陰成形yin constituting form 陰陽的相互轉(zhuǎn)化mutual transformation between yin and yang 陰中之陰yin withi

14、n yin 陽中之陽yang within yang 陰勝則寒predominance of yin causing cold 陽勝則熱predominance of yang causing heat 陰陽偏盛relative predominance of yin and yang 母子關(guān)系mother-child relation 木生火wood generating fire 金克木metal restricting wood 抑木扶土inhibiting wood to strengthen earth 培土制水supplementing earth to control water

15、 補母瀉子reinforcing mother-organ and reducing child- organ,二、直譯法 （二）生理 心開竅于舌 The heart opens into the tongue. 肺主氣司呼吸The lung controls qi and manages respiration. 通調(diào)水道regulation of the water pathway 脾主運化The spleen controls transportation and transformation. 肝藏血The liver stores blood. 腎藏精The kidney store

16、s essence 藏而不瀉storage without excretion 瀉而不藏excretion without storage,二、直譯法 （三）病理 陰陽失調(diào) imbalance between yin and yang 熱入心包invasion of heat into the pericardium 脾失健運failure of the spleen to transport normally 肝不藏血failure of the liver to store blood 胃失和降failure of the stomach qi to descend 氣虛不孕sterili

17、ty due to qi deficiency 風熱腰痛lumbago due to wind-heat 腎陽不足 insufficiency of kidney yang,三、意譯 天行赤眼 acute contagious conjunctivitis vs. heaven-current red eye 纏腰火丹 herpes zoster around the waist vs. girdling fire cinnabar 子盜母氣 child-organ disorder involving its mother organ vs. child steals the mothers

18、 qi,中醫(yī)用語英語翻譯的方法,epidemic,Have a try！,天行-流行性的（epidemic） 天行發(fā)斑瘡-smallpox 天行瘟疫-pestilence（a disease that cause death and spreads quickly to large numbers of people, esp. bubonic plague鼠疫),白虎歷節(jié) acute arthritis 牛皮蘚 psoriasis 臟燥 hysteria 角弓反張 opisthotonos severe spasm in which the back arches and the head

19、bends back and heels flex toward the back,四、音意結(jié)合 元氣(原氣） primordial qi, original qi, congenital qi 正氣 healthy qi, right qi, genuine qi, vital qi 宗氣 pectoral qi, thoracic qi, ancestral qi 中氣 gastrosplenic qi*, middle qi, center qi 營氣 nutrient qi, construction qi 腎氣 kidney-qi, renal qi*,中醫(yī)用語英語翻譯的方法,“陰陽”是否音譯,“沖任之脈起