1、,提綱式命題作文,Directions: In this section, you are asked to write a composition entitled Should people own cars or not? Your composition should be based on the outline given below. Your composition should be at least 120 words. Outline: 1、有人贊成個人買車。 2、也有人持相反觀點。 3、你的看法。 Should People Own Cars or Not?,Shoul

2、d People own Cars or not?,Now having a car is more and more popular, so many familys want to buy a car. They think its useful. Some youngs think its cool, and many people think its convenent when they have a private car. They dont need to wait the crowded bus/so they can go to work on time. Its save

3、 the time. And they also can drive the car go wherever they want to . A family can have a travel togethter. Its comfortable. In a word, they can improve the quality of their life with a car. Especially the increasing of private car can promote the economic. It can lead the development of many indust

4、ries. Its good for our countrys developing.,作文評分原則及標準,14分 漂漂亮亮：切題，表達思想清楚，文字連貫，連貫性好，基本上語言無誤。 11分清清楚楚：切題，表達思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語言錯誤。 8分馬馬虎虎：基本切題，有些地方表達思想不夠清楚，文字勉強連貫，語言錯誤相當多，其中一些是嚴重錯誤。 5分糊里糊涂：基本切題，表達思想不清楚，連貫性差，有較多的嚴重語法錯誤。 2分一塌糊涂：條理不清，思路紊亂，語言支離破碎，或大部分句子都有錯誤，且多數(shù)為嚴重錯誤。,Praise, An Important Gift Some people thin

5、k that critism can change ones view of life. However, many people argue that praise is more important. In my opinion, praise is more profitable than critism. Praise is like fresh air, without it, our life will become uninteresting and inhappy. Giving praise does not cost the giver a lot, but, the re

6、ceiver can learn much. There are many people who succeed at last with a praise, Take myself for example. Though it happened a long time ago, I remember it clearly. It was a sports meeting and I attend it. At first, I was very confident and thought I was the best of them, so I had no training. The tr

7、uth was, during the race, many students left me behind. Then I want to give up and was frustrated. Fortunately, my PE teacher came and patted on my back:” As long as you stick to continue, success will belong to you. I believe you, come on!” He said with a smile. You know, I improved dramatically an

8、d won the prize. So, praise is an important gift.,試評分！,寫作對策,內(nèi)容是否緊扣主題，涵蓋提示要點 作文結(jié)構(gòu)層次是否清晰 語言表達是否流暢，有無重大語病，有無邏輯錯誤 是否能恰當?shù)氖褂眠^渡性詞語 作文字數(shù)是否達到要求 卷面是否整潔，書寫是否漂亮,寫作體裁,議論文 說明文 記敘文,議論文開頭常用句式,Recently, the problem of has aroused peoples concern. has been playing an increasingly important role in our daily life. It

9、has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. Nowadays, has become a problem we have to face. It is commonly believed that / It is a common belief that Many people insist that With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that A lot of pe

10、ople seem to think that ,議論文結(jié)尾常用句式,Taking all these factors into consideration, we finally come to the conclusion that Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the conclusion that Hence / Therefore, wed better arrive at the conclusion that There is no doubt that (job-hopping)

11、 has its drawbacks as well as merits. All in all, we cannot live withoutBut at the same time, we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.,寫作類型,原因類 （現(xiàn)象解釋型） 觀點類對立觀點 （對比選擇型） 辦法類 （問題解決型） 提問類 （視情況而定） 觀點類事物性質(zhì) 利弊類 批駁類,觀點論證類,各種類型的寫作方法 現(xiàn)象解釋型：基本方法為：描述現(xiàn)象分析原因?qū)ΜF(xiàn)象做出預測或如何促進(限制)這種現(xiàn)象

12、的進一步發(fā)展。 對比選擇型：基本方法為：闡述一種觀點或態(tài)度并表明這種觀點或態(tài)度正確的理由;闡述第二種(相對或相反的)觀點或態(tài)度并說明這種觀點或態(tài)度正確的理由;表明個人支持或反對以上觀點或態(tài)度，并說明原因。 問題解決型：基本方法為：提出問題分析問題解決問題。 觀點論證型：基本方法為：分析主題得出結(jié)論舉例論證得出結(jié)論(證明觀點的正確性)。,三段式作文的結(jié)構(gòu)安排,表明對立的雙方觀點,表明個人態(tài)度及理由,總結(jié)重申自己的立場，聯(lián)系現(xiàn)實，展望未來。,號召行動。,以事實論證，舉例論證，因果論證，反面論證等方式進行論證,總結(jié)重申自己的立場，聯(lián)系現(xiàn)實，展望未來。,表達個人觀點,In my opinion Fro

13、m my point of view As far as I am concerned, As for me, I cannot entirely agree with the idea that Personally, I am standing on the side of Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why I sincerely believe that ,論證方法,論點：,反面論證,舉例論證,事實論證,因果論證,論 證 方 法,大學英語四級寫作,舉例論證： for example,

14、for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration I can think of no better illustration of this point than . It can manifest itself best in It is not necessary to cite all the examples of this point, but suffice it to mention A good case in point is.,圖 畫 作 文,事實論證： No one can deny the fact that There i

15、s no denying the fact that. It is universally acknowledged that It is obvious/ evident that It is common saying that As we all know,. As is shown in a recent survey,. According to a recent survey,.,大學英語四級寫作,The following reasons may be responsible for. There are two main reasons accounting for the p

16、henomenon. 除了下面兩個原因，沒有更好的了。 I can think of no better reasons for the phenomenon other than the following two. Several factors, both individual and social, could account for the negative phenomenon. Obviously, a variety of complicated factors contribute to the phenomenon, with the following one being

17、 the foremost. 很明顯，有很多復雜的原因?qū)е逻@個現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生，而下面的是最有代表性的。,17,圖 畫 作 文,原因論證常用過渡句,大學英語四級寫作,Why did? For one thingFor another Perhaps the primary reason is I quite agree with the statement thatThe reasons are chiefly as follows.,原因論證常用過渡句,As a result Therefore, . ., which has brought about./ which will contribu

18、te to.,19,圖 畫 作 文,結(jié)果論證常用過渡句：,大學英語四級寫作,圖 畫 作 文,反面論證（1句）：,要是沒有的話，我們就不會取得一個 一個偉大的成就 2. 沒能做到.的人必將在處事中出于不利的位置,大學英語四級寫作,原因類,Harmfulness of Fake Commodities 1. 目前社會上有不少假冒偽劣商品(fake commodities)。為什么會有這種現(xiàn)象? 2. 舉例說明假冒偽劣商品對消費者個人、社會等的危害。,Nowadays a lot of fake commodities flood into the market and do great harm

19、to the consumers and the whole society. Why are there so many fake commodities? The first reason, in my mind, is that some people dream of earning a large sum of money easily and quickly. Furthermore, the general social atmosphere is somewhat unhealthy-many people attach great importance to money in

20、stead of honesty. Last but not least, some government officials are not doing their jobs.,Harmfulness of Fake Commodities,The harmfulness of fake commodities has become more than obvious at the moment. First of all, The consumers are the direct victims, they spend money buying unqualified and even u

21、seless products. In the second place, the authentic producers also suffer great loss. Thirdly, fake commodities may even be dangerous sometimes, such as fake food and medicine, which are a threat to peoples health. Consequently, it is high time that we made great efforts to put an end to fake commod

22、ities.,觀點類對立觀點,My View on Opportunity 1 有的人認為機會是極少的，另一些人則認為人人都會有某種機會。 2 我的看法 3 結(jié)論,My View on Opportunity,When it comes to opportunity, peoples opinions differ. Some people think that there are few opportunities in the world, while others argue that everybody will have some kind of opportunity along

23、his life route.,As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion. For one thing, I firmly believe opportunities are everywhere around us. No person will be unlucky enough to have no opportunities all the time, because every dog has his day”. For another, since opportunities are transient, w

24、e have to make good preparations and improve ourselves. Just think of Newton, who discovered the Law of Gravitation when many people had watched an apple falling ahead of them.,From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably draw the conclusion that there are quite a few opportunities around u

25、s. Only if we get prepared can we seize the opportunities instead of letting them slip by, just as an old saying goes, opportunities are only for the prepared minds”.,辦法類(個人問題),How to Succeed in a Job Interview 1 面試在求職過程中的作用 2 取得面試成功的因素：儀表、舉止談吐、能力、專業(yè)知識、自信、實事求是,How to Succeed in a Job Interview,A job

26、 interview is vital to the job-hunting process in that if you are successful in it, you stand a good chance of final obtaining the ideal job. Then how can we succeed in job interview? In the first place, you should dress and behave properly in order to leave a good first impression on the interviewe

27、r. In the second place, when it comes to talking, you should speak of your expertise and special abilities clearly and honestly. Whats more, self-confidence is also an important factor, telling the interviewer that you will face the challenge whenever you encounter difficulties. You will succeed in

28、a job interview as long as you put the above principles into practice. As a result, you will probably obtain the job you have been dreaming of.,提問類,Should College Marriage be permitted? 1 關于是否允許大學生結(jié)婚的討論在校園里興起。 2 我對這一現(xiàn)象的看法。,A national debate has sprung up on whether college marriage should be permitt

29、ed. Many people strongly oppose the permission of college marriage. They hold that the chief task for college students is to study, and marriage will distract their attention and occupy a lot of time. Moreover, students are not economically independent, so marriage will cause a lot of problems such

30、as future job hunting and housing. In a word, they believe marriage will largely hinder both present study and future work. From my perspective, I think college marriage should be permitted but be practiced with extreme care. For one thing, the right of college students should be respected, as they

31、are adults. For another, the restriction on the age of students was done away with in 2001, and many elder students attend universities. Last but not the least, the time in college is so precious that every student will think twice before they get married. Undoubtedly, few students will ever get mar

32、ried after college marriage is permitted, but the authority should grant them the right.,Should College Marriage be permitted?,觀點類事物性質(zhì),My View on Double BA Degree 1 現(xiàn)在大學生讀雙學位的現(xiàn)象很常見 2 我對這一現(xiàn)象的看法,My View on Double BA Degree,Recently it has become a common phenomenon for college students to have two maj

33、ors at the same time. In this way, they can get double BA degrees when they graduate from the university several years later.,Although it may bring unfavorable consequences, we can be sure to conclude that this practice is favorable on the whole. To begin with, most students will become more hardwor

34、king and efficient in order to finish the learning tasks satisfactorily. Moreover, with two degrees at hand after graduation, they will stand a better chance in the job market full of fierce competition. In the third place, as for todays university students, tuition and fees are becoming more and mo

35、re expensive. If they can make achievements in study at school and find a satisfactory job afterwards, it will not be a big problem.,Weighing the pros and cons of such a new trend, we can naturally arrive at the conclusion that it is beneficial and rewarding. This system not only compels students to

36、 work hard, but also prepares them for the coming competition.,認為，主張,argue, maintain, hold, believe,考慮,takeinto consideration, consider, think over, reflect on,認為，思考，考慮,think,下結(jié)論，斷定,come to the conclusion, arrive at the conclusion, conclude, decide, assert,斷定,judge,獲得,acquire, obtain, attain, reap,贏

37、得，取得,earn, gain,得到,get,支持，贊成,approve of, in favor of, stand by ones side, agree with,提倡,advocate, recommend,支持,support,利弊子類,The Golden Week 1 黃金周給大學生帶來的好處 2 黃金周給大學生帶來的弊端 3 我應當怎樣過好黃金周,The Golden Week,The golden weekNational Day holidayhas brought a lot of benefits to college students ever since the b

38、eginning. First, it gives students time to take a rest after months of hard work. Second, they can conduct social activities to combine book knowledge with practice. Third, they can also use this precious week to make progress in study or carry out specialized research.,Though it does good to colleg

39、e students in many ways, the golden week can never to be said to bring no problems. For one thing, many students eat and sleep too much during the vacation, which are harmful to their health. For another, quite a few students spend too much time playing video games or going sightseeing. How can they

40、 make progress in their study if they do not cherish time at all?,In order to make good use of the golden week, I form the habit of making a concrete plan before it comes. On the one hand, I always set aside enough time for reviewing lessons and reading relevant literature. On the other hand, I usua

41、lly go to watch a movie and listen to a concert at the Grand Opera. By carefully planning my time, I am confident to spend a meaningful golden week.,反對,oppose, object to,抵制,resist,反對,say no to,意義深遠的,far-reaching, profound, significant,重要的,important,充分運用,optimize, make best / full use of,使用,employ, u

42、tilize,使用,use,好處，優(yōu)點,advantage, merit, benefit,壞處，缺點,disadvantage, defect, flaw, drawback, deficiency,好處,good side,重要的，有 決定性的,vital, crucial, critical, decisive,應用,apply,壞處,bad side,批駁類,My View on Teenagers Studying Abroad 1 現(xiàn)在有很多青少年出國留學 2 有些人認為這種做法是有益的 3 我認為這種觀點是不對的,My View on Teenagers Studying Abr

43、oad,Recently it seems that among the students who choose to study abroad, there are more and more teenagers who study in high schools or even elementary schools. Many people, especially the parents, think it will certainly do good to their children because the independent life will make them learn c

44、onfidence and perseverance. Moreover, the quality of overseas education is often higher, thus the child stands a better chance of entering a better university and getting a better job in the future.,After careful consideration, I have to say the above view is more than biased. On the one hand, early

45、 independent life is not necessarily good, if the child cannot receive proper guidance and tender care from both teachers and parents. On the other hand, the educational quality is also a question too many foreign schools aim at earning money. When the children come back, who can guarantee that they

46、 can adapt to the fierce competition here?,We can see clearly that although teenagers studying abroad may bring favorable results, there are still a lot to worry about. It seems necessary for young students to make a careful investigation before going abroad.,把看做，當做,regard as, consider as, look onas

47、, treatas, viewas,把看做，當做,seeas,全面的，徹底的,utter, thorough,完全的,complete,起作用,解釋,難以置信的，驚人的,play a role, perform, function, serve, play a part,解釋,explain,account for, illustrate, clarify,fantastic, incredible, unbelievable, exceptional, extraordinary, marvelous, amazing, astonishing,起作用,work,驚人的，極好的,great,

48、 surprising,勤奮的，勤勉的,diligent, industrious,勤奮的,hardworking,認真的，謹慎的,conscientious, cautious,認真的,careful, serious,冷靜的，清醒地,sober, reasonable, sensible, rational,聰明的,bright, intelligent, wise, brilliant,平靜的,calm,適應,be adapted to, be accustomed to, be adjusted to,集中精力于,focus on, center on, concentrate on,

49、聰明的,clever,適應,be used to,專心于,set ones mind on,注意,Pay ones attention to,常用句式和常用表達,列舉：for one thing, for another, finally, besides, moreover, oneanother, still another, first, second, then, also, to begin with, first of all, in the first place, last, next, above all, last but not the least, first and

50、most important 舉例：for example, for instance, one example is, besides, moreover, furthermore, in addition, a case in point, that is, incidentally, as an illustration, such as, in fact, in general, in particular, to illustrate, namely 定義：refer to, call, mean,比較 a.相似的比較：likewise, in comparison, similar

51、ly, in the same manner b.相反的比較：on the other hand, conversely, on the contrary, whereas, , instead, in contrast, nevertheless, compared with 表示時間：later, next, then, finally, at last, eventually, meanwhile, from now on, at the same time, for the time being, in the end, immediately, in the meanwhile /

52、meantime, recently, soon, now and then, during, nowadays, since, lately, as soon as, afterwards, temporarily, earlier, after a while, now,表示方位和順序：before, behind, below, beneath, between, here, there, where, beyond, nearby, under, above, over, on the right (left), in (the) front of, at the back of, i

53、n the middle of, at the bottom of, opposite to, next to 表示概要和結(jié)論：in a word, in short, in brief, to sum up, on the whole, by and large, all in all, so far, therefore, thus, in summary, in conclusion, to conclude, to summarize, to end with,列出解決辦法的常用句式,Here are some suggestions for handling that The bes

54、t way to solve the trouble is People have figured out many ways to solve this problem.,提出建議的常用句式,It is high time that we put an end to the (trend). It is time to take the advice ofand to put special emphasis on the improvement of There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of O

55、bviously, if we want to do sth, it is essential that Only in this way can we It must be realized that ,用于駁斥的語句,1. Although a lot of people believe that ., I am doubtful whether the argument bears 2. As opposed to widely held ideas, I hold that . 3. Although the popular is that ., (a) current indicat

56、es that . 4. They may be right about ., but they seem to ignore the fact that . 5. Although it is widely accepted that ., it is unlikely to be true that . 6. It is true that ., but that . 7. There is/are reason(s) for us to believe that . 8. What these people fail to see is that . 9. It is one thing

57、 to believe that ., but it is quite another to say that .,批駁錯誤觀點和做法 常用句式,As far as sth is concerned, It was obvious that It may be true that, but it doesnt mean that It is natural to believe that, but we shouldnt ignore that There is no evidence to suggest that,如何寫好英語說明文？,審題 （what, to whom, how, etc

58、.） 開好頭 寫好主題句 注意行文的統(tǒng)一性和連貫性 注意說明方法的選擇（eg.: 舉例法、過程分析法、分類法、因果分析法、比較法、細節(jié)法，etc.） 注意說明順序 （eg.: 空間順序、時間順序、邏輯順序、認識順序，etc.） 結(jié)尾（重述主題而非重復主題；簡短自然，避免介入新的話題）,Fast Food Restaurant,1. 快餐館簡介 2.去快餐館的好處 3.快餐館的發(fā)展趨勢,Fast Food Restaurant,If you are too busy or too tired to cook, please go to the fast food restaurant where

59、 various kinds of ready-made food are served. Some serve fish or chicken, some serve sandwiches or salad, and some also serve drinks, coffee, and so on.,Fast food restaurants are very convenient. You just go there, order your food, wait only for a few minutes, then when the food is ready, you carry it to your table yourselves. you can either eat it in the restaurant or take the food out in a plastic container and eat it at home, in your office, in a park, or anywhere you like.,Nowadays, fast food restaurants