1、技巧十 長(zhǎng)句翻譯之從句的翻譯,從句法功能上劃分，從句可以分為狀語(yǔ)從句(Adverbial Clauses) 、名詞性從句(Noun Clauses)和定語(yǔ)從句(Relative Clauses) 。,狀語(yǔ)從句(Adverbial Clauses) 英語(yǔ)的狀語(yǔ)從句種類(lèi)較多，為了符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，翻譯的時(shí)候應(yīng)注意從句子語(yǔ)序和詞語(yǔ)的省略?xún)煞矫婵紤]。 語(yǔ)序：英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句位置比較靈活，翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)需要，對(duì)語(yǔ)序作必要的調(diào)整。 省略：為了避免累贅，要注意漢語(yǔ)中常將從句的主語(yǔ)和連詞省略。,He always goes wherever he is in urgent need. 哪里需要他，他就到哪

2、里去。（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句） You shouldnt have given up so early, though you met with a lot of difficulty. 雖然有很多困難，你也不應(yīng)該這么早就放棄。 （讓步狀語(yǔ)從句） She passed the CET-4 because she had studied very hard. 因?yàn)閷W(xué)習(xí)努力，所以她順利地通過(guò)了英語(yǔ)4級(jí)。（原因狀語(yǔ)從句）（如果強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，也可把從句譯在后面）,We would have accomplished the task much easier if you had come to help us.

3、要是你來(lái)幫過(guò)我們，完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)本可以更容易些。 （條件狀語(yǔ)從句） Chongqing has undergone a great change since she became the municipality city. mju:nisipliti 自治區(qū) 自從成為直轄市以來(lái)，重慶發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。 （時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）,名詞性從句 (Noun Clauses) 在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses)。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組，因此名詞性從句又可分為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。,1名詞性that-從句的翻譯 That只起連接主句和從句的作用，本身

4、沒(méi)有詞義，例如： That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他還活著全靠運(yùn)氣。 （主語(yǔ)從句） John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 約翰說(shuō)他星期三要到倫敦去。（賓語(yǔ)從句）,The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事實(shí)是近來(lái)誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)他。 （表語(yǔ)從句） The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近來(lái)誰(shuí)也沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)他，這一事實(shí)令

5、辦公室所有的人不安。 （同位語(yǔ)從句）,Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless species”. 2010年48題 本句難點(diǎn)是以that引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)并列同位語(yǔ)從句。曾幾何時(shí)，生物學(xué)家有些濫用這種證據(jù)，即這些生物通過(guò)獵殺弱者來(lái)保存獵物的健康狀態(tài)，或者說(shuō)，這些生物捕殺的只不過(guò)是“毫無(wú)意義的物種

6、” 。,Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force。 主語(yǔ)從句 政府究竟是以減少對(duì)技術(shù)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入來(lái)增加對(duì)純理論科學(xué)的經(jīng)費(fèi)投入，還是相反，這往往取決于把哪一方面看作是驅(qū)動(dòng)型的力量。,That-從句作主語(yǔ)通常用it作先行詞，而將that-從句置于句末。 即用it作先行詞結(jié)構(gòu)： (1) It i

7、s 名詞從句 It is a fact that 事實(shí)是； It is an honor that 非常榮幸；It is common knowledge that 是常識(shí) (2) it is 形容詞從句 It is natural that 很自然； It is strange that 奇怪的是,(3) it 不及物動(dòng)詞從句 It seems that 似乎； It happened that 碰巧 (4) it is 過(guò)去分詞從句 It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道； It has been proved that 已證實(shí),2名詞性wh-從句的翻譯 Wh-詞包括who, wh

8、om, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞： How the book will sell depends on its author. 書(shū)銷(xiāo)售如何取決于作者本人。 In ones own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以隨心所欲。 The club will give whoever wins a prize. 俱樂(lè)部將給得勝者頒獎(jiǎng)。 My question is who will take over president

9、of the Foundation. 我的問(wèn)題是誰(shuí)將接任該基金會(huì)主席職位。,Wh-從句作主語(yǔ)也常用先行詞it做形式主語(yǔ)，而將wh-從句置于句末。 It is not yet decided who will do that job. 還沒(méi)決定誰(shuí)做這項(xiàng)工作。 It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他們何時(shí)結(jié)婚依然不明。,定語(yǔ)從句(Relative Clauses)的翻譯方法常用的有前置法、后置法和溶合法。,1. 前置法 This is the scientist who just returned from the Nort

10、h Pole. 這是剛從北極歸來(lái)的科學(xué)家。 But Miggles laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence. 但米格爾的富有感染力的笑聲打破了沉默。 Harmonious interpersonal relationship is the primary reason why I enjoy working here. 同事之間關(guān)系融洽是我喜歡在這工作的主要原因。,Without rubber there would be no such automobiles as we have today. 如果沒(méi)有橡膠，就不會(huì)有今天這樣的

11、汽車(chē)。 There is no royal road to science, and only those who do not dread the fatiguing climb of the steep paths have a chance of gaining its luminous summits。 在科學(xué)上沒(méi)有平坦的大道，只有不畏勞苦沿著陡峭山路攀登的人，才有希望達(dá)到光輝的頂點(diǎn)。,The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him. 在他手下工作的人對(duì)他怕得要死。 I was, to borrow from John

12、, the spy who was to stay out in the cold. out in the cold 被忽視，遭排斥 借用約翰的話來(lái)說(shuō)，我成了一個(gè)沒(méi)人理睬的/被打入冷宮的間諜。,He who laughs last laughs best 誰(shuí)笑到最后，誰(shuí)笑得最好。 He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet. 沒(méi)有嘗過(guò)苦味的人不知道什么是甜。 He who flatters one to the face will surely speak ill of one behind ones b

13、ack. 當(dāng)面諂媚的人，背后必詆毀。 He who knows most says least. 知道最多的人說(shuō)得最少。/智者寡言/君子訥于言而敏于行。,2.后置法 Machine tools have various uses, one of which is to make holes in metal. 機(jī)床有各種用途，其中之一是給金屬鉆孔。 He has advanced some rational recommendations which are not necessarily applicable to the local conditions. 他提出了一些合理性建議，但對(duì)于當(dāng)

14、地情況不一定適用。,I was endeavoring to put off one sort of life for another sort of life, which was not better than the life I had known。 我一直在竭力擺脫一種生活而改換另一種生活，但是我所改換的生活并不見(jiàn)得比我原先的生活好。 There occurred the Great Earthquakes of 1923 in Japan, which caused a serious damage of property and a great loss of lives. 19

15、23年，日本發(fā)生了大地震，結(jié)果造成了重大的財(cái)產(chǎn)和生命損失。,They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. 他們正在為實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)理想而努力， 這個(gè)理想是每個(gè)中國(guó)人所珍愛(ài)的，在過(guò)去， 許多中國(guó)人曾為了這個(gè)理想而犧牲了自己的生命。,3. 溶合法（將主句與定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)合起來(lái)；There be 結(jié)構(gòu)多用） There are many people who want

16、 to see the film. 許多人要看這部電影。 One will surely succeed who perseveres to the end. 只要堅(jiān)持到底，就必獲得成功。,He is used to taking notes of any book he reads. 他慣于一面看書(shū)，一面做筆記。 We used a plane of which almost every part carried some identification of national identity. 我們使用的飛機(jī)幾乎每一個(gè)部件都有國(guó)籍的某些標(biāo)志。,There was something ori

17、ginal, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them. 這個(gè)方案富有創(chuàng)意，獨(dú)辟蹊徑，很有魄力，因此他們都很喜歡。 This is the very laser scalpel which he used to operate on a patient suffering from malignant tumor. 他就是用這把激光刀為一位患惡性腫瘤的病人動(dòng)手術(shù)的。,The forthcoming economic crisis seems more serious than the preceding cyclic depression, which did not involve energy crisis and nuclear race. 即將來(lái)臨的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)似乎比上一次周期性的經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條更為嚴(yán)重，因?yàn)槟谴问挆l沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)能源危機(jī)和核競(jìng)賽。,2004 61. The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection w