1、英語(yǔ)四級(jí)圖表作文講解及參考范文,導(dǎo)言：圖表式作文,一、圖表作文常見(jiàn)出題形式 圖表作文一般在題目中給出作文的標(biāo)題和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì)表格、圓形圖、曲線圖或條形圖，有時(shí)還用英文或中文提綱的形式給出提示，要求我們： 1)用文字描述圖表，客觀解釋圖表中所傳遞的信息，并找出某種規(guī)律或趨勢(shì); 2)就圖表中所反映的某種趨勢(shì)或問(wèn)題分析其原因或后果。 圖表作文著重說(shuō)明事實(shí)，常常是通過(guò)對(duì)圖表中所反映的具體數(shù)據(jù)的說(shuō)明、分析、比較，對(duì)某種事物或現(xiàn)象的事實(shí)或變化情況等加以說(shuō)明，并提出結(jié)論或看法。因此，圖表作文常常采用議論文體的寫作方法。 寫好圖表作文，關(guān)鍵在于能否讀懂圖表中所提供的信息，把握各信息間的聯(lián)系，用準(zhǔn)確流暢的語(yǔ)言

2、把這一信息表達(dá)出來(lái)，并就這一信息發(fā)表自己的看法。,二、圖表作文的寫作步驟,寫圖表作文時(shí)，要注意遵循以下步驟： 1)認(rèn)真分析圖表的含義，弄清圖表中所含的信息及不同信息間的關(guān)系; 2)確定文章的主題思想，構(gòu)思出文章的基本框架，篩選出能說(shuō)明圖表主題思想的典型數(shù)據(jù); 3)編列文章的提綱; 4)根據(jù)文章的提綱，將各段的提綱內(nèi)容擴(kuò)展成段落，然后將各個(gè)段落組成文章，注意段與段之間的銜接與過(guò)渡; 5)檢查與修改。,三、圖表作文的篇章結(jié)構(gòu),三段式的陳述方式。 第一段：概述圖表反映的主題思想（總趨勢(shì)+極端值+特點(diǎn)） 第二段：分析產(chǎn)生的原因 第三段：展望未來(lái)或提出方法或建議,2004 2007年人民飲食習(xí)慣變化表,

3、1)側(cè)重于數(shù)據(jù)的排序的表格(table),圖表類作文的形式及特點(diǎn):,%,20,40,60,80,100,1995,2000,2005,State-owned,private,美國(guó)近年住房產(chǎn)權(quán)的變化情況,2)側(cè)重?cái)?shù)據(jù)的對(duì)比柱狀圖( chart column),近年來(lái)看電影與看電視的人數(shù)變化情況。,(a): Number of TV watchers (b): Number of film goers,Number of People (in thousands),A,B,3) 側(cè)重?cái)?shù)據(jù)變化的曲線圖(graph),A Percentage of Average Family Expense in

4、2000,B Percentage of Average Family Expense in2007,Housing 25%,other 57%,Housing 32%,other 46%,Food drink 22%,Food drink 18%,4.側(cè)重內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)變化的餅形圖(pie chart),2000與2007年平均家庭開(kāi)支情況變化表.,graph （一般的圖表） 曲線圖 柱圖 chart 餅圖 柱狀圖 table 表格圖 diagram 示意圖,1.The graph/chart/table above the above graph/chart, it can be seen th

5、at. 3. (正如) is shown in the graph, . 4. has been shown from the table that,第一步：,shows,From,As,It,圖表類說(shuō)明文的寫作步驟,開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山地點(diǎn)明本圖表所反映的主題, 即conclusion.,常使用的詞匯有:,（圖表/數(shù)據(jù)）：,table表格, chart圖表 , graph曲線圖, figure(數(shù)據(jù)) ；,動(dòng)詞：,tell, show, represent,常用句型：,1.The graph/chart/table above _ that+句子 _ the above graph/chart, it

6、can be seen that +句子 _ (正如) is shown in the graph, +句子 _ has been shown from the table that +句子,第一步：,shows,From,As,It,圖表類說(shuō)明文的寫作步驟,開(kāi)門見(jiàn)山地點(diǎn)明本圖表所反映的主題, 即conclusion.,常使用的詞匯有:,（圖表/數(shù)據(jù)）：,table表格, chart column柱狀圖 , graph曲線圖，figure(數(shù)據(jù)) ；,動(dòng)詞：,describe, tell, show, represent,常用句型：,1）內(nèi)容：figure、statistic、number、p

7、ercentage、proportion 2）用語(yǔ)：,修辭語(yǔ),在運(yùn)動(dòng)范疇中存在著如下的種運(yùn)動(dòng)趨向：,1. 保持平穩(wěn)： 可以使用的套用結(jié)構(gòu)有: stay stable / remain steady 舉例：表示“人口數(shù)量保持平穩(wěn)”的時(shí)候可以寫: the number of population stayed stable / the number of population remained steady 2. 上升/增加： 可以使用的套用結(jié)構(gòu)有：rise / climb / increase / ascend /mount / aggrandize (增加) 舉例：人口數(shù)上升：the numb

8、er of population increased/ascended/mounted等等。,3下降/減少： 可以使用的套用結(jié)構(gòu)有：fall/ drop/ decrease/ descend/ decline 舉例：人口減少：the number of population decreased/ declined 4. 下降后保持平穩(wěn)： 這個(gè)圖形比較奇怪，劃出的線段應(yīng)該前面是向下的，后面是平的，在表示這個(gè)平的時(shí)候我們就不可以使用 remain steady 了，我們要使用的結(jié)構(gòu)是bottom out。 舉例：人口下降后保持平穩(wěn)：the number of population decrease

9、d and bottomed out 5.上升后保持平穩(wěn)： 前面的上升我們就不用說(shuō)了，但是在上升以后保持平穩(wěn)，我們需要使用 level off。 舉例：人口上升后保持平穩(wěn)：the number of population mounted and leveled off,6.復(fù)蘇： 前面下降了以后，然后就上升了，這兩條線段的連接點(diǎn)就叫復(fù)蘇。英語(yǔ)中表達(dá)為recover。 舉例：人口下降后復(fù)蘇：the number of population decreased and recovered 7. 波動(dòng)： 這個(gè)就像我們的心電圖一樣。英語(yǔ)中叫 fluctuate。 舉例：人口波動(dòng)： the number

10、 of population fluctuated. 8. 達(dá)到頂峰：peak / reach its summit / reach its zenith 舉例：人口到達(dá)了頂峰：the number of population peaked/ reached its summit/ reached its zenith.,連續(xù)性描寫,上面就是運(yùn)動(dòng)性線段的八種趨勢(shì)了。但是上升，下降，波動(dòng)是存在程度的。所以我們接下來(lái)要討論的是程度的描述方法。程度只有兩種，緩慢和陡然。 緩慢的/輕微的： gradually/ smoothly/ steadily/ slightly 陡然的/大幅度的： dramat

11、ically/ sharply/ considerably/ appreciably/ greatly 舉例: 1. 人口大幅度攀升: the number of population mounted dramatically 2. 人口輕微下降: the number of population decreased slightly 3. 人口逐漸下降: the number of population decreased gradually,好了，我們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)說(shuō)了兩個(gè)范疇了, 這兩個(gè)范疇可以幫你搞定任何線段組的描述。緊接下來(lái)我們要討論的是如何將線段組與數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行連接。非常簡(jiǎn)單, 注意如下的介

12、詞使用。,一. remain steady / stay stable / level off / bottom out / peak / reach its peak / reach its zenith 后面需要使用的是 at . 舉例: 1. 人口在500萬(wàn)上保持平穩(wěn): the number of population remained steady at 5 million 2 人口在800萬(wàn)時(shí)到達(dá)了頂峰: the number of population peaked at 8 million 3. 下降后, 人口在400萬(wàn)保持平穩(wěn): after decreasing, the nu

13、mber of population bottomed out at 4 million 4. 上升后, 人口在700萬(wàn)保持平穩(wěn): after mounting, the number of population leveled off at 7 million,二. 上升/下降后面使用to(到)和by(了) 舉例: 1. 人口下降到200萬(wàn): the number of population decreased to 2 million. 2. 人口下降了200萬(wàn): the number of population decreased by 2 million. 3. 人口上升到1000萬(wàn):

14、 the number of population increased to 10 million. 4. 人口上升了500萬(wàn): the number of population increased by 5 million. 三. recover的后面大家需要使用的是from 舉例: 人口在200萬(wàn)時(shí)開(kāi)始復(fù)蘇:number of population recovered from 2 million. 四. fluctuate 的后面大家需要連接 between . and . 舉例: 人口在2和100億之間波動(dòng): the number of population fluctuated be

15、tween 2 and 10 billion,來(lái)看一篇范文：, From the graph, we can see that the number of car accidents in Walton city fluctuated during the year of 1990. The first two months of 1990 showed an increasing trend. The rate rose to 32 in March but fell to 26 in June. From June on, the rate was rising again and rea

16、ched the peak point 39 in August. After August the rate began to decline remarkably, and eventually dropped to the lowest point 16 at the end of the year. Therefore, its obvious that car accident in Walton city declined in 1990.主題句/概述表格反映的內(nèi)容(5)反映交通事故的變化情況(6)小結(jié)：總結(jié)表格數(shù)據(jù)反映的總趨勢(shì),There are several reasons

17、for the decline. First, a new traffic law was made and came into force. It provided that in summer every car must be air-conditioned. As a result, the highest rate in August, when humidity and high temperature make drivers impatient and easily lead to car accidents, dropped steadily. Second, new roa

18、ds were built and some narrow streets were widened, which quickened the flow of traffic. Finally, the city administration made great efforts to heighten peoples awareness of observing traffic rules.主題句原因/措施一解釋措施一/次要輔助采取措施一后的結(jié)果原因/措施二原因/措施三, With all these new measures, Im sure the rate of car acciden

19、ts in Walton city will go on falling this year.總結(jié)：展望未來(lái)的情況,模板一, 總的趨勢(shì) 圖表具體描述 剖析圖表所揭示的含義 理由一 理由二 理由三 理由四 總結(jié) 前景預(yù)測(cè) As can be seen from the table, the past decade has witnessed dramatic changes in_. While _. It is obvious from the table that_. What contributed to these changes? I think the reasons are as

20、follows. To start with, _. Secondly, _ . Whats more, _. Last but not lease, _. In conclusion, _. Moreover, _.,模板二,描述圖表 分三方面解釋原因 下結(jié)論 1) During the period from _to _, _rose from _to _, while _ decreased from _ to _. 2) We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon. First,_. Second, _.

21、Third, _. 3) _.We are happy to see that things are becoming better and better nowadays. We can imagine that _.,模板三,描述圖表 解釋圖表 補(bǔ)充解釋 1) During the period between _ and _, _ declined abruptly from _ to _, while _ increased sharply from _ to _. 2) Several reasons can account for this phenomenon. Compared

22、 with _ is much cheaper and more convenient_ . Apart from that, _. 3) However, there are still a number of people who _, generally for two reasons. On the one hand,_. On the other hand, _.,第二節(jié) 圖表作文樣題與樣文舉例,樣題一： Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic

23、How People Spend Their Holidays. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the table and the outline given below:,1、 根據(jù)上表，簡(jiǎn)要描述1990年、1995年、2000年某城市人們度假方式的情況及其變化； 2、 請(qǐng)說(shuō)明發(fā)生這些變化的原因； 3、 得出結(jié)論。,How People Spend Their Holidays,As is clearly shown in the table that there was a dramati

24、c change in the way people spent their holidays between 1990 and 2000. Especially, in 1990, 63% of people spent their holidays at home, while the figure decreased considerably to 24% in 2000. There are three reasons for this phenomenon.,To begin with, with the development of market-oriented economy,

25、 people earn by far more money than they used to, making it possible for them to afford traveling expenses. In addition, people realize the importance of getting well-informed about the outside world in this modern era to develop their potential. For example, a traveler may encounter or talk with so

26、meone of a different cultural background so as to broaden his vision. Last but not least, by traveling outside, people are close to nature, which is not only beneficial to both their health and peace of mind. In short, more and more people take the occasion of holiday to travel outside and relax the

27、mselves.,As far as I am concerned, I prefer to go traveling instead of staying at home during holidays. On the one hand, I love meeting different people and take in some fresh ideas. On the other hand, it is agreed that the world is becoming a global village. No one could confine himself within his

28、small circle of families or relatives. In brief, I have benefited a lot and will benefit more from traveling during the holidays. 點(diǎn)評(píng)：該篇作文屬圖表作文，命題思路與四級(jí)真題圖表作文一致，仿真度高。本預(yù)測(cè)題關(guān)于人們旅游度假方式的變化，也是社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)話題，2006年1月就考過(guò)名校校園該不該成為旅游景點(diǎn)話題；2004年6月也是關(guān)于旅游景點(diǎn)的介紹。,樣題六Changes in the Ownership of Houses (2003.6),要求：1、根據(jù)上圖描述該市住房產(chǎn)

29、權(quán)的變化； 2、分析產(chǎn)生這些變化的原因； 3、說(shuō)明這些變化對(duì)個(gè)人和社會(huì)產(chǎn)生的影響。,Changes in the Ownership of Houses,As is shown in the chart, great changes have taken place in the ownership of houses in the city. There has been a steady decline in the percentage of state-owned houses from 75 in 1990 to 20 in 2000. On the contrary, the pe

30、rcentage of private houses has been on the rise.,Several factors may account for the trend. For one thing, owing to the policy of reform and opening to the outside world, the past decade witnessed significant improvement in peoples standard of living. In other words, they have had the means to purch

31、ase houses of their own. For another, peoples ideas about consumption have undergone some radical changes. In the past, they were reluctant to spend, but now they are willing to buy. Anyway, it is much more comfortable to dwell in a house of ones own.,These changes in the ownership have already had

32、a positive effect on both individuals and society. Individuals, young people in particular, will be motivated to work harder to purchase a nest of their own. As a result, the housing industry will be boosted and more revenues will be raised to cover other sectors of our national economy.,萬(wàn)能句型,As the

33、 picture shows, The picture illustrates that The drawing describes that To solve this problem, need to To handle this problem, we should . The following measures can be taken to settle this problem: First Second,模板3,As the picture shows, 圖表內(nèi)容. The picture is intended to highlight 揭示什么問(wèn)題. To solve this problem, 解決辦法（一二三）. In conclusion, 重申觀點(diǎn).,Can Cell Phones Replace Schooling ? As the picture s