1、考研英語(yǔ)：語(yǔ)法長(zhǎng)難句 主講人：劉曉艷目錄第一課一二三四第二課一二三第三課一二三四奮斗的開(kāi)始-簡(jiǎn)單句1什么是英語(yǔ)句子？1英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)1句子的成分2簡(jiǎn)單句的考點(diǎn)分析4難點(diǎn)稍露尖尖角 并列句7什么是并列句？7并列連詞及與其同義的邏輯關(guān)系詞7并列句的考點(diǎn)分析7名詞（短語(yǔ)）和名詞性從句10名詞（短語(yǔ)）能作什么成分10什么是名詞性從句11名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞11名詞性從句的考點(diǎn)分析11第一課 奮斗的開(kāi)始-簡(jiǎn)單句一什么是英語(yǔ)句子？英漢句法結(jié)構(gòu)的差異舉例：北場(chǎng)就要到了。我要去剪頭。二英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)主謂1.主謂賓2.謂語(yǔ)：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞主謂表3.謂語(yǔ)：系動(dòng)詞 系動(dòng)詞主要分為以下六類(lèi)：be感官動(dòng)詞：look,

2、smell, taste, sound, feel變化：become, get, turn, grow, fall1區(qū)別 漢語(yǔ) 英語(yǔ) 1可以沒(méi)有主謂賓 必須有主謂 2主謂賓順序可以亂放 主謂賓順序不可以亂放 3可以沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法 必須有語(yǔ)法 保持：keep, stay, remain, stand表象：seem, appear終止：prove4.主謂雙賓5.主謂賓賓補(bǔ)舉例：I bought him a dog.You should keep the room clean and tidy.We made him our monitor.His father told him not to play

3、in the street.三句子的成分1.謂語(yǔ) 1） 謂語(yǔ)的成分：舉例： Your mother must very beautiful.2） 動(dòng)詞能不能多？舉例Laugh at others is my hobby. I enjoy see movies.My dream is become a rich lady.練習(xí)他穿上外衣，鎖上門(mén)，離開(kāi)了家。大熊貓是熊科中最罕見(jiàn)的成員，主要生活在中國(guó)西南部的森林里。長(zhǎng)江流經(jīng)不同的生態(tài)體系，是諸多瀕危物種的棲息地，灌溉了中國(guó)五分之一的 土地。 我愛(ài)你，你愛(ài)我。2冬天來(lái)了，春天就不遠(yuǎn)了。我是一個(gè)老師，我很喜歡唱歌。3）動(dòng)詞能不能少？舉例Your mot

4、her must very beautiful;I against you.謂語(yǔ)的總結(jié)：2.主語(yǔ) 1） 主語(yǔ)的成分舉例 Handsome and strong are his nature.2） 主語(yǔ)能不能少？舉例 北京很冷。如果沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)：加 it 作為主語(yǔ)：必須與天氣、溫度、時(shí)間有關(guān)系。 練習(xí): 機(jī)艙里很悶。there be 句型：聽(tīng)到“有”的時(shí)候使用。 練習(xí): 有很多人喜歡我。被動(dòng)：所有用人稱(chēng)代詞做主語(yǔ)的句子，都可以考慮寫(xiě)成被動(dòng)。練習(xí):3 必須指出堅(jiān)持很重要。 越來(lái)越多的人認(rèn)為過(guò)度捕撈很?chē)?yán)重。 三種情況無(wú)被動(dòng)： 人稱(chēng)代詞：不到萬(wàn)不得已，最好不要使用。練習(xí): 如果有夢(mèng)想，就應(yīng)該會(huì)成功。 3.

5、賓語(yǔ) 能夠充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的成分：4.表語(yǔ) 能夠充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的成分：舉例：I am a teacher.I am in Chongqing. I am beautiful.My dream is to become a poet.My dream is becoming a poet.練習(xí)：我喜歡在重慶。女人都愛(ài)美。四簡(jiǎn)單句的考點(diǎn)分析1.寫(xiě)作中的使用1） 舉例越來(lái)越多的大學(xué)生，這個(gè)事實(shí)表明我們應(yīng)該關(guān)注這個(gè)話(huà)題了。4站在講臺(tái)上的女人看起來(lái)很好看。 2）舉例劉曉艷是一個(gè)彪悍的女人。我給爺爺買(mǎi)了一條小花狗。他每天遛狗。2.長(zhǎng)難句分析舉例Creating a European identity that resp

6、ects the different cultures and traditions which goto make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task.The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male- dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the he

7、avy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japans rigid social ladderto good schools and jobs.To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.課后練兵這兩天心里很不爽。全球在變暖。重慶

8、有很多人口。嫉妒本身就是一種仰望。5有意義就是好好活，好好活就是做有意義的事情。建議政府采取措施來(lái)緩解這個(gè)問(wèn)題。毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，溺愛(ài)孩子的問(wèn)題越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重了。保護(hù)運(yùn)動(dòng)員是應(yīng)該的。6第二課 難點(diǎn)稍露尖尖角并列句一什么是并列句？舉例I love you, you love that dog.二并列連詞及與其同義的邏輯關(guān)系詞1.常見(jiàn)的并列連詞及邏輯關(guān)系詞平行：and, not onlybut also轉(zhuǎn)折：but, while, yet, whereas選擇：or, whetheror因果：for, so遞進(jìn)：then2.連詞與副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)的區(qū)別三并列句的考點(diǎn)分析1.寫(xiě)作中的使用舉例這個(gè)男人很有錢(qián)，我決定

9、嫁給他。7課后練兵愛(ài)情早已經(jīng)不在了，她還在留戀過(guò)去。有朋自遠(yuǎn)方來(lái)，不亦樂(lè)乎。都說(shuō)我如水百變，可知我清澈不變。還記得那天嗎？我沒(méi)有通過(guò)四級(jí)考試，一個(gè)人在雨中哭泣，你走過(guò)來(lái)，拍拍我的肩 膀，告訴我人生沒(méi)有終點(diǎn)。 2.完形中的使用3.長(zhǎng)難句分析舉例Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hencethe help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.The

10、data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to betreated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically.There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques

11、appropriate to the various branches ofhistorical inquiry.Until these issues are resolved a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, andwith it possibly the only way to solve our problems.課后練兵Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes for pictures or music was not only aloss of ha

12、ppiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.8As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, and their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that i

13、nformation will be available when needed and will be trustworthyand reliable.9第三課 名詞（短語(yǔ)）和名詞性從句一名詞（短語(yǔ)）能作什么成分1.主語(yǔ)舉例這部電影很好看。2.賓語(yǔ)舉例我欣賞阿甘的媽媽。3.表語(yǔ)舉例阿甘真是個(gè)男人。4.同位語(yǔ)舉例我喜歡這個(gè)部分，開(kāi)始的部分。1） 什么是同位語(yǔ)：舉例 我喜歡 Eason，一個(gè)著名歌手。 我的媽媽?zhuān)粋€(gè)典型的家庭主婦，喜歡打麻將。 練習(xí)2）能夠充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)的成分：10二什么是名詞性從句三名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞舉例他已經(jīng)離婚了是我的錯(cuò)。他已經(jīng)離婚了嗎是顯而易見(jiàn)的。他會(huì)和誰(shuí)結(jié)婚呢是一個(gè)。名詞

14、性從句的引導(dǎo)詞按照從句的類(lèi)型劃分：1） 2）3）練習(xí)我正在思考外星人存在嗎。女人總是對(duì)的是一個(gè)常識(shí)。我的意思是孝敬父母是民族的一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)美德。有一天你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)事業(yè)、親情、友情都比愛(ài)情重要。關(guān)鍵是你什么時(shí)候有錢(qián)哪。四名詞性從句的考點(diǎn)分析1.寫(xiě)作中的使用1）主語(yǔ)從句 主語(yǔ)從句的滿(mǎn)分表達(dá)：11幾個(gè)滿(mǎn)分句型：滿(mǎn)分句型的位置：練習(xí)顯而易見(jiàn)，關(guān)于勤奮這個(gè)話(huà)題已經(jīng)引起廣泛關(guān)注了。2）同位語(yǔ)從句舉例他成功地找到了女朋友，這件事情使他的家人很開(kāi)心。沒(méi)有什么能夠掩蓋她正在變老這個(gè)事實(shí)。河南人都是騙子這種想法是不正確的。溫室里的花朵不能經(jīng)受風(fēng)雨這個(gè)事實(shí)表明我們不應(yīng)該溺愛(ài)孩子。2.長(zhǎng)難句分析1） 如何識(shí)別主語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)Th

15、at the plates are moving is now beyond dispute.Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure scienceat theexpense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen asthe driving force.How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon th

16、e amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.12It is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideasreadily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symb

17、ols in solving problems.For example, it has long been known that total sleep deprivation is 100 percent fatalto rats, yet, upon examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal.Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy is directly boundup with the efficienc

18、y of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds 2） 如何識(shí)別賓語(yǔ)從句舉例She said (that) she would marry an old rich man.I wonder if I can pass the National Postgraduate Entrance Examination smoothly.練習(xí)This alone demonstrates that the

19、television business is not an easy world to survivein. A fact underlined by statistics shows that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.He believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage offorcing him to think long and intently abo

20、ut every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations.You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction（歸納法） and deduction（演繹法）, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort13of sense, manage to extract from Nature cer

21、tain natural laws, and that out of these,by some special skills of their own, they build up their theories.3） 如何識(shí)別表語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteousand helpful most Americans were to them Galileos greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first

22、 person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sunrather than around the Earth.Women are much too preoccupied by family. Once the marriage begins to disintegrate, they are lost. That is where their unhappiness spring from and that iswhy most divorced mothers regard themselves as victims.