1、英語新聞報道的結構,I. Introduction,What is news?,1. News is a fresh report of events, facts, or opinions that people did not know before they read your story. 新聞就是針對人們讀你的報道以前還不知道的事 件、事實或觀點的一種全新報道。 2. News is anything timely that interests a number of persons, and the best news is that which has the greatest

2、interest of the greatest number. 凡是及時的、能引起一部分人興趣的東西, 便是新 聞。而最好的新聞則是那種能夠激起最大多數(shù)人最 大興趣的東西。,3. News is any event, idea or opinion that is timely, that interests or affects a large number of people in a community and that is capable of being understood by them. 新聞是指人們能及時獲悉的事件、觀點或見解， 它能吸引或影響社會上的許多人，并能為他們所

3、 理解。 4. News is the reporting of anything timely which has importance, use, or interest to aconsiderable number of persons in a publication audience. 新聞是對任何事物的及時報道，對于讀者群體中 的許多人來說，這類報道具有重要性、實用性或 趣味性。,5. If a dog bites a man, it is not news; if a man bites a dog, its (big) news. 狗咬人并非新聞，人咬狗才是（大）新聞。 ,N

4、ews is an account of what is happening around us. It may involve current events, new initiative or ongoing projects or issues. But news is not only about whats taking place of the day, it also concerns background analysis, opinions, human interest stories, etc.,A. Identify news categories,the nature

5、 of the reported events 1. hard news 2. soft news,Hard news is how journalists refer to news of the day. It is a chronicle of current events / incidents and is the most common type of news printed on the front page of a typical newspaper.,硬新聞關系到國計民生以及人們切身利益 的新聞。包括黨和國家的重大方針、政策的 制定和改變，時局變化，市場行情，股市漲 落，

6、銀根松緊，疾病流行，天氣變化，重大 災難事故等等。這類新聞為人們的政治、經 濟、工作、日常生活的決策提供依據(jù)。,Soft news is a term for all the news that isnt time-sensitive（時效性）, including profiles of people, programs or organizations, etc.,軟新聞：人情味較濃的社會新聞（社會花 邊新聞、娛樂新聞、體育新聞、服務性新聞 等），形式上通俗，注重趣味性。它沒有明 確的時間界定，多屬于延緩性新聞，無時間 的緊迫性。它和人們的切身利益無多大關 系，向受眾提供娛樂、開闊眼界、增

7、長知 識、陶冶情操。,the content of the reported events e.g. economic news, political news. Sports news, entertainment news, technology news, obituary, etc. the region of the reported events e.g. international news, domestic news, local news, etc.,the issuing medium of the reported events e.g. print news, bro

8、adcast news, TV news, online news, etc.,B. Identify news styles,There are mainly four news styles which are (1) news reporting (消息報道 ) (2) feature (特寫) (3)editorial (社論) (4)advertisement (廣告),II. News Structure,A. The lead Every hard news article starts with a lead the first 1-2 sentences that summa

9、rize the most interesting point of the article. The lead should be brief yet catchy , giving the reader an instant sense of what the article is about and making him or her want to read more.,新聞導語是新聞報道開頭的第一段文字，也是最重 要的部分，通常是標題的展開形式，記者必須把新 聞時間的主要情節(jié)用一兩句化概括在新聞導語的第 一段里。這是新聞報道的精華所在。按照新聞報道 的要求，導語盡可能回答個和一個即h

10、at （何事）、ho（何人）、here（何地）、hy （為何）和ow（如何）。這個觀點曾被西方新聞 界視為金科玉律，但是由于新聞導語趨于愈來愈 短，因此，新聞導語現(xiàn)在一般未必包含所有的新聞 要素，而是突出其中最重要的新聞要素，其他要素 可放在以下的段落。,DENVER, Colorado (AP) A lightning strike at a golf course driving range Saturday killed a man and injured his 16-year-old son, a fire department spokeswoman said When Satur

11、day Where At a golf course Who A man and his son What Lightning killed the man and injured his son,NEW YORK (Reuters Health) Teenagers who spend 3 hours a day or more in front of the television are at risk of developing sleeping problem later in life, new research reports. Who Teenagers What Teenage

12、rs may develop sleep problems When Later in their life How Spending three hours or more in front of TV,By EMMA ROSS, AP Medical Writer BANGKOK, Thailand-Asias bird flu death toll rose to 12 with the announcement Monday of two additional deaths, while China said it suspected the virus has reached pou

13、ltry in one of its most remote corners When Monday, Where Thailand What Bird flu death toll rose to 12 Who Thailand and China,In a soft news story , however , the lead should present the subject of the story by allusion (暗示; 引喻 ) . This type of opening is somewhat literary (文學的 ). Like a novelist (小

14、說家) , the role of the writer is to grab the attention of the reader.,B. The 5 “Ws” and the H News articles, especially a hard news story, always include the essentialswho, what, where, when, why and how. Good news writing attempts to answer all the basic questions about any particular event in the f

15、irst two or three paragraphs.,Who is involved? Who made a scientific discovery? Whos speaking at a forum? Who made the donation? Who organized the new staff group? (Not just names, but titles and brief backgrounds if necessary.),What is the nature of the news story or event? Is it about a scientific

16、 discovery, an economic conference, a delivered speech, a heavy flood or casualty in the Middle East? Where is the news or event taking place? When will (or did) the event take place? What time and date is the event, or when will someone be available for an interview if needed?,Why is the story news

17、worthy? Tell readers why they should care. Who will be affected by this news and how? In other words, what distinguishes the story or event from others? How usually describes the manner in which the action occurs.,C. “inverted pyramid” structure,Journalism instructors usually describe the organizati

18、on or structure of a news story as an inverted pyramid. This upside down triangle serves as a guide for how you include information in the story. Using the inverted pyramid means starting with the most important information, then giving the next most important information and so on.,The Inverted Pyramid Form,In other words, it is to