1、Shakespeare莎士比亞 簡介,Group 1,Personnel: 人員介紹：,We talk about their own understanding of Shakespeare!大家講講自己所了解的莎士比亞吧!,1 Romeo and Juliet 羅密歐與朱麗葉 2 the merchant of Venice威尼斯商人 3 Hamlet3哈姆雷特 So what? Following our group to know Shakespeare! 那么還有哪些呢？ 跟隨我們小組來了解莎翁吧！,Shakespeare (1564 1616) the Great Renaissa

2、nce dramatist, poet, European Renaissance humanism literature synthesizer. 莎士比亞（W. William Shakespeare；15641616）英國文藝復興時期偉大的劇作家、詩人，歐洲文藝復興時期人文主義文學的集大成者。,Life（生平）,Shakespeare was born in Britain in April 23, 1564central Warwick County along the Evan River in Stratford, a wealthy families. 莎士比亞于1564年4月2

3、3日生于英國中部瓦維克郡埃文河畔斯特拉特福的一位富裕的市民家庭。,莎士比亞故居,Youth in a local Teaching Latin literary school study, master the writing skills and rich knowledge, but because his father went bankrupt, failing to graduate go alone on the road to earn a living. He worked as a butchers apprentice, has taught in rural school

4、s, also worked in various other occupation, which makes him grow a lot of social experience. 少年時代曾在當?shù)氐囊凰饕淌诶∥牡摹拔膶W學?！睂W習，掌握了寫作的基本技巧與較豐富的知識，但因他的父親破產，未能畢業(yè)就走上獨自謀生之路。他當過肉店學徒，也曾在鄉(xiāng)村學校教過書，還干過其他各種職業(yè)，這使他增長了許多社會閱歷。,After 20 years of age to London, first in the theater when the groom. A handyman, after enterin

5、g the theatre as an actor, director and screenwriter., become the theatre began around 1588shareholders; writing, first is adapted for the previous script, soon began to independent creation. 20歲后到倫敦，先在劇院當馬夫雜役，后入劇團，做過演員導演編劇，并成為劇院股東；1588年前后開始寫作，先是改編前人的劇本，不久即開始獨立創(chuàng)作。,At the time of the opera Oxford, Ca

6、mbridge background, the University wits who control, a famous dramatist ever with contemptuous tone to write articles mocking Shakespeare such a vulgar, civilian upstart crow to the noble genius contest! But Shakespeare later won the college student groups, including the majority of the audience sup

7、port and love and esteem, students in school amateur performances of some of Shakespeares plays, such as Hamlet, the comedy of errors. 當時的劇壇為牛津、劍橋背景的“大學才子”們所把持，一個成名的劇作家曾以輕蔑的語氣寫文章嘲笑莎士比亞這樣一個“粗俗的平民”、“暴發(fā)戶式的烏鴉”竟敢同“高尚的天才”一比高低！但莎士比亞后來卻贏得了包括大學生團體在內的廣大觀眾的擁護和愛戴，學生們曾在學校業(yè)余演出過莎士比亞的一些劇本，如哈姆雷特、錯誤的喜劇。,The success o

8、f writing, so that Shakespeare won the show mulberry management for Lord, Lord became his protector. Shakespeare in the early 90s had his two poem Venus and Adonis, the rape of Lucrece dedicated to the Lord, who also wrote the sonnet lord. 寫作的成功，使莎士比亞贏得了騷桑普頓勛爵的眷顧，勛爵成了他的保護人。莎士比亞在90年代初曾把他寫的兩首長詩維納斯與阿都尼

9、、魯克麗絲受辱記獻給勛爵，也曾為勛爵寫過一些十四行詩。,With the help of Lord, Shakespeare into the aristocratic culture salon, causing him to society with observation and understanding, expanded his vision of life, for he created to provide a rich source of. 借助勛爵的關系，莎士比亞走進了貴族的文化沙龍，使他對上流社會有了觀察和了解的機會，擴大了他的生活視野，為他日后的創(chuàng)作提供了豐富的源泉。,

10、From 1594 onwards, he belongs to the theatre by the palace minister asylum, called in the Lord Chamberlains men. 從1594年起，他所屬的劇團受王宮大臣的庇護，稱為“宮內大臣劇團”。,莎士比亞葬地,In 1603, the accession of James I, his troupe called the king offered Theatre, he and the group of actors was appointed Royal retainers, therefor

11、e theater in addition to regular touring, often during performances, Shakespeare screenplay and renowned community. In April 23, 1616 Shakespeare in their fifty-two birthday and died in three one churches, st. 1603年，詹姆士一世繼位，他的劇團改稱“國王供奉劇團”，他和團中演員被任命為御前侍從，因此劇團除了經常的巡回演出外，也常常在宮廷中演出，莎士比亞創(chuàng)作的劇本進而蜚聲社會各界。161

12、6年4月23日莎士比亞在其五十二歲生日前后不幸去世，葬于圣三一教堂。,A literary creation（創(chuàng)作）,Shakespeare in about 1590 1612of the total20years wrote thirty-seven plays ( such as plus and Fletcher wrote two of your kiss is the thirty-eight ), he also wrote two long poem Venus and Adonis, the rape of Lucrece and one hundred and fifty-

13、four sonnets. 莎士比亞在約15901612的20余年內共寫了三十七部戲?。ㄈ缂由吓c弗萊徹合寫的兩位貴親則是三十八部），還寫有二首長詩維納斯與阿多尼斯、魯克麗絲受辱記和一百五十四首十四行詩。,More than his plays based on historical records, novels, folklore and the old opera and other existing materials, a reflection of the feudal society to capitalist society, the historical reality of

14、the transition, to promote the emerging bourgeoisie humanitarianism thought and point of view of human nature. 他的戲劇多取材于歷史記載、小說、民間傳說和老戲等已有的材料，反映了封建社會向資本主義社會過渡的歷史現(xiàn)實，宣揚了新興資產階級的人道主義思想和人性論觀點。,Due to a wide range of experiences of ancient drama, English medieval drama and the emerging European culture and

15、 art, a profound observations of life, social understanding, grasp the pulse of the times, so that Shakespeare was able to create a large number of true to life likeness characters, depicting broad, resplendent with variegated coloration in the view of social life, and make a tragicomedy, full of po

16、etic and imagine, combining unified contradiction in change and rich life philosophy and critical spirit characteristics known. Generally divided into three periods. 由于一方面廣泛借鑒古代戲劇、英國中世紀戲劇以及歐洲新興的文化藝術，一方面深刻觀察人生，了解社會，掌握時代的脈搏，故使莎士比亞得以塑造出眾多栩栩如生的人物形象，描繪廣闊的、五光十色的社會生活圖景，并使之以悲喜交融、富于詩意和想象、寓統(tǒng)一于矛盾變化之中以及富有人生哲理和批

17、判精神等特點著稱。一般劃分為三個時期。,The first period (1590 1600)第一時期,In order to writing historical drama, comedy, a9historical drama,10 comedies and2 tragedies. 以寫作歷史劇、喜劇為主，有9部歷史劇、10部喜劇和2部悲劇。 9 historical drama John king was written in early thirteenth Century British history, the other8 is the content of the inte

18、rface of the two Episode 4: Henry VI, the Charlie III, and; Richard II, Henry IV ( referred to as the most successful historical drama ) on the V, with Henry. These historical drama summary of British history more than 100 years of unrest, created a series of positive, negative image of monarchy, re

19、flecting Shakespeare against the feudal rule, support the centralization of power, condemned the tyrant and tyranny, enlightened monarchs were top-down reform requirements, the establishment of a harmonious society between humanistic political and moral ideal. 9部歷史劇中除約翰王是寫 13 世紀初英國歷史外 ，其他8部是內容相銜接的兩個

20、4部曲 ： 亨利六世上 、中、下篇與查理三世；理查二世、亨利四世（被稱為最成功的歷史?。┥?、下篇與亨利五世。這些歷史劇概括了英國歷史上百余年間的動亂，塑造了一系列正、反面君主形象，反映了莎士比亞反對封建割據(jù)，擁護中央集權，譴責暴君暴政，要求開明君主進行自上而下改革，建立和諧社會關系的人文主義政治與道德理想。,The 10comedy comedy of errors, the taming of the Shrew, the two gent, love in vain, A Midsummer Nights dream, the merchant of Venice, the Merry W

21、ives of Windsor, make trouble out of nothing, to the satisfaction of all and Twelfth Night to love, friendship, mostly marriage as the theme, the protagonist is a few humane wisdom and virtue of young men and women, through their freedom, happiness struggle, progress, sing good new fresh air, but al

22、so gently to expose and ridicule the old things decay and ugly, such as asceticism virtual correction, puritanical hypocrisy and usurers avaricious and mean wait for. 10部喜劇錯誤的喜劇、馴悍記、維洛那二紳士、愛的徒勞、仲夏夜之夢、威尼斯商人、溫莎的風流娘兒們、無事生非、皆大歡喜和第十二夜大都以愛情、友誼、婚姻為主題，主人公多是一些具有人文主義智慧與美德的青年男女，通過他們爭取自由、幸福的斗爭，歌頌進步、美好的新人新風，同時也溫

23、和地揭露和嘲諷舊事物的衰朽和丑惡，如禁欲主義的虛矯、清教徒的偽善和高利貸者的貪鄙等。,This period drama the basic mood is optimistic, bright, full of humanistic ideal to solve social contradictions, confidence, that is written in this period the tragicomedy Romeo and Juliet, was filled with the comedy atmosphere. Although the hero died senti

24、mentalism, but the ideals of love over death, in exchange for a reconciliation of feudal. 這一時期戲劇創(chuàng)作的基本情調是樂觀、明朗的，充滿著以人文主義理想解決社會矛盾的信心，以致寫在這一時期的悲喜劇羅密歐和朱麗葉中，也洋溢著喜劇氣氛。盡管主人公殉情而死，但愛的理想戰(zhàn)勝死亡，換來了封建世仇的和解。,The second period (1601 1607)第二時期,In tragedy, written 3 Department of the Rome opera,5 tragedies and 3 dark

25、 comedy or problem plays. 以悲劇為主 ，寫了3部羅馬劇、5部悲劇和3部“陰暗的喜劇”或“問題劇”。 Rome drama Julius Caesar, Anthony and Cleopatra Petra and Cory is based on Plutarch lanus Rome Greek heroes historical drama. 羅馬劇尤利烏斯凱撒、安東尼和克莉奧佩特拉和科里奧拉努斯是取材于普魯塔克希臘羅馬英雄傳 的歷史劇。,Four tragedies Hamlet, Othello, King, Mike white and tragedy T

26、imon of Athens marks of the era, the life of the deep thinking, strive to create the new era of tragic hero. 四大悲劇哈姆雷特、奧賽羅 、 李爾王 、麥克白和悲劇雅典的泰門標志著作者對時代、人生的深入思考，著力塑造了這樣一些新時代的悲劇主人公 。,The tragic character waking up from a medieval prison and ignorance, in modern dawn shines, aspiring to develop or improve

27、 themselves, but can not overcome the limitations of their own age and, finally in the same environment and inner strength disparity between the hostile forces in the struggle, the inevitable failure and sacrifice. Hamlet avenged the death of his father and found with all time out of joint, decided

28、to take up the responsibility of reforming the course, the result is just great ambitions, powerless. King Lear in power to bring him glory, pride, self-confidence in the nature, get crazy, fantasy to make right divided country to prove himself become a king and do an ordinary person, can be the sam

29、e or greater, and suffered a painful ordeal. 這些悲劇人物從中世紀的禁錮和蒙昧中醒來，在近代黎明照耀下，雄心勃勃地想要發(fā)展或完善自己，但又不能克服時代和自身的局限，終于在同環(huán)境和內心敵對勢力的力量懸殊斗爭中，遭到不可避免的失敗和犧牲。 哈姆雷特為報父仇而發(fā)現(xiàn)與“整個時代脫榫”了，決定擔起“重整乾坤”的責任，結果是空懷大志，無力回天。 李爾王在權勢給他帶來的尊榮 、自豪 、 自信中迷失本性 ，喪失理智，幻想以讓權分國來證明自己不當國王而做一個普通人，也能同樣或更加偉大，因而經受了一番痛苦的磨難。,Mike Bai Ben is a real hero,

30、 disposition has the goodness and beauty side, just because of the temptation and ambition, reduced to a from the bloody to bloody, Aohuiwuji sinner. Othello honest honest, trust and vengeful, in communication at the mercy of the suicide, for the pursuit of its perfection itself. Instead by evil. Th

31、ese characters tragedy, announced deeply in the period of capital primitive accumulation has begun to appear the social evils and bourgeois egoism, the performance of the humanist ideal and reality the irreconcilable contradiction between, highly summarized significance. 麥克白本是有功的英雄，性格中有善和美的一面，只因王位的誘

32、惑和野心的驅使，淪為“從血腥到血腥”、懊悔無及的罪人。 奧賽羅正直淳樸，相信人而又嫉惡如仇，在奸人擺布下殺妻自戕，為追求至善至美反遭惡報。 這些人物的悲劇，深刻地揭示了在資本原始積累時期已開始出現(xiàn)的種種社會罪惡和資產階級的利己主義，表現(xiàn)了人文主義理想與殘酷現(xiàn)實之間矛盾的不可調和，具有高度的概括意義。,Since this period plays the depth of thought and the realistic depth increase, make Troilus and Cressida, married and requite like for like and comed

33、y also reveals the dark side, enveloped the treachery, the intrigues of the evil shadow, so called problem plays or dark comedy. 由于這一時期劇作思想深度和現(xiàn)實主義深度的增強，使特洛伊羅斯與克瑞西達、終成眷屬和一報還一報等“喜劇”也顯露出陰暗的一面，籠罩著背信棄義、爾虞我詐的罪惡陰影，因而被稱為“問題劇”或“陰暗的喜劇”。,The third period (1608 1613)第三時期,Inclined to compromise and the illusion

34、of tragedy and comedy or drama. 傾向于妥協(xié)和幻想的悲喜劇或傳奇劇。 The main work is a4comedy and tragedy or melodrama crown prince Chris, Xin Lin, winters tale, the storm. 主要作品是4部悲喜劇或傳奇劇泰爾親王里克里斯、辛白林、冬天的故事、暴風雨。,Many of these works were written, reunion, framing,. Although still adhere to the ideals of humanism, the d

35、ark reality has been exposed, but contradictory settlement mainly rely on magic, fantasy, the lucky chance coincidence and accident, and to promote forgiveness, tolerance, compromise, and talks. 這些作品多寫失散、團聚、誣陷、昭雪。盡管仍然堅持人文主義理想，對黑暗現(xiàn)實有所揭露，但矛盾的解決主要靠魔法、幻想、機緣巧合和偶然事件，并以宣揚寬恕、容忍、妥協(xié)、和解告終。,The works of this pe

36、riod are often through the mythical fantasy, with the help of supernatural power to solve the contradiction between the ideal and reality; works through forgiveness, reconciliation, not the joy, nor the metaphase and gloomy, but full of beautiful life fantasy, romantic exotic. The storm (1611) is th

37、e most representative of this period style, known as written in poetry. 這一時期的作品往往通過神話式的幻想，借助超自然的力量來解決理想與現(xiàn)實之間的矛盾；作品貫串著寬恕、和解的精神，沒有前期的歡樂，也沒有中期的陰郁，而是充滿美麗的生活幻想，浪漫情調濃郁。暴風雨（1611）最能代表這一時期的風格，被稱為“用詩歌寫的遺囑”。,Tragedy（悲?。?Four great tragedies（四大悲?。? Macbeth (麥克白) King Lear (李爾王) Hamlet (哈姆雷特) Othello (奧賽羅) Romeo

38、 and Juliet (羅密歐與朱麗葉) Titus Andronicus (泰特斯安特洛尼克斯) Julius Caesar (裘力斯凱撒) Antony and Cleopatra (安東尼與克莉奧佩屈拉) Coriolanus (科利奧蘭納斯) Troilus and Cressida (特洛埃圍城記) Timon of Athens (雅典的泰門),Comedy（喜劇）: Four Great Comedies（四大喜?。? As You Like It（皆大歡喜） Twelfth Night or What You Will（第十二夜） The Merchant of Venice

39、（威尼斯商人） A Midsummer Nights Dream（仲夏夜之夢） Much Ado About Nothing（無事生非) Measure for Measure（一報還一報) The Tempest（暴風雨) Taming of the Shrew（馴悍記) The Merry Wives of Windsor（ 溫莎的風流娘們) Loves Labours Lost（愛的徒勞) The Two Gentlemen of Verona（維洛那二紳士） Pericles Prince of Tyre（泰爾親王佩力克爾斯） Cymbeline (辛白林) The Winters T

40、ale (冬天的故事) The Comedy of Errors (錯中錯) Alls Well That Ends Well (終成眷屬),The Sonnets（十四行詩） A Lovers Complaint（愛人的怨訴又譯：情女怨） The Rape of Lucrece（魯克麗絲失貞記） Venus and Adonis（維納斯和阿多尼斯） The Passionate Pilgrim（熱情的朝圣者又譯：激情飄泊者） The Phoenix and the Turtle （鳳凰和斑鳩）,HAMLET哈姆雷特,ROMEO&JULIET羅密歐與朱麗葉,MERCHANT of VENICE

41、威尼斯商人,Shakespeares literary position （莎士比亞文學地位） In his works, the bourgeois humanism thought is behaved most adequately, also the highest art. He works for the bourgeoisie emerged as the most powerful public opinion preparation. 在他的作品里，資產階級人文主義思想表現(xiàn)得最為充分，藝術性也最高。他的作品為資產階級的興起作了最有力的輿論準備 。 In poetry crea

42、tion, he changed the format in Italy, according to the four, four, four two arrangement, each poem can better embody the introduction, emotional and train of thought turns and change. He likes from life and nature, from the country, city, court, stage, court, battlefield, merchants cabinet, churches

43、 looking for vivid images and metaphors. He used his control, polysemy, repetition, alliteration, pause, the length of tone scattered to foil content, enhanced music. The sonnet form in the foreign developed under the pen of Shakespeare. 在詩歌的創(chuàng)作中，他改變了意大利的格式，按四、四、四二編排，每首詩更能體現(xiàn)起承轉合，情感和思路曲折而有變化。他喜歡從生活和大自

44、然中，從鄉(xiāng)村、城市、法庭、舞臺、宮廷、戰(zhàn)場、商人的柜房、教堂等場所尋找生動的形象和比喻。他常用對照、多義詞、重復、停頓、頭韻、長短音的錯落來烘托內容，增強音樂性。十四行詩這一外來形式在莎士比亞筆下得到了發(fā)展。,Shakespeare is a great master of language, he absorbed the peoples language, ancient and modern literary language essence, in his mature works can be handy, and then the local mood anastomosis, a

45、ccording to the characters and plot, and poetry, and prose. Early language be gorgeous, late maturity, but always lively and full of image. Many of his phrases win universal praise, become a part of British National language. 莎士比亞是一位杰出的語言大師，他吸收了人民語言、古代和當代文學語言的精華，在他的成熟作品中能做到得心應手，與人物當時當?shù)氐男那槲呛?，按人物性格和劇?/p>

46、需要，時而詩體，時而散文。早期語言流于華麗，后期日趨成熟，但始終生動而富于形象性。他的許多詞句膾炙人口，成為英國全民語言的一部分。,During this period, Shakespeare wrote nine historical subjects to British historical drama, the prevailing historical plays in the highest achievement. 這一時期，莎士比亞寫過九部以英國歷史為題材的歷史劇，在當時盛行的歷史劇中成就最高。 Shakespeares history plays reflect the e

47、merging bourgeoisie request Shakespeares history plays with epic grand scale, although the UK is a past history, wrote in Renaissance England society and was a problem concerned by the people, and had distinctive national features. 莎士比亞的歷史劇反映了新興資產階級的要求 莎士比亞的歷史劇具有史詩的宏大規(guī)模，雖然講的是英國過去的歷史，卻寫出了文藝復興時期的英國社會和當時人們所關心的問題，并具有鮮明的民族特點。 Shakespeare on real life deeply and widely observed and his era s exploration, laid the foundation of his realism. 莎士比亞對現(xiàn)實生活的深入而廣泛的觀察以及對他所處的那個時代的悉心探索，奠定了他的現(xiàn)實主義的深厚基礎。,The Shakespeare story: Once, I had asked about Shakespeare wrote many research monographs Tannen D