1、高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空題解題策略,1、語(yǔ)法填空主要考查哪方面的內(nèi)容?,2、語(yǔ)法填空命題特點(diǎn)是什么 ?,語(yǔ)法和詞匯（考試重點(diǎn)）,上下文連貫性（語(yǔ)境）,10 1.5 15 10 150 15 1？,共10個(gè)小題,每題1.5分,滿分15分,須在10分鐘內(nèi)完成,短文長(zhǎng)度150詞左右,設(shè)空間距15詞左右,每格不一定1個(gè)詞（特別是謂語(yǔ)或非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式 ）,側(cè)重語(yǔ)境加語(yǔ)法 語(yǔ) 法 占 關(guān) 鍵,語(yǔ)法填空考哪些語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目？,1、名詞； 2、代詞； 3、數(shù)詞； 4、介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)； 5、連詞； 6、形容詞； 7、副詞； 8、冠詞； 9、動(dòng)詞； 10、時(shí)態(tài)； 11、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)； 12、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；,13、構(gòu)詞法； 14、句子

2、種類； 15、句子成分； 16、簡(jiǎn)單句基本句型； 17、主謂一致； 18、并列復(fù)合句； 19、主從復(fù)合句； 20、間接引語(yǔ)； 21、省略； 22、倒裝； 23、強(qiáng)調(diào)； 24、虛擬語(yǔ)氣。,1、閱讀/理解語(yǔ)篇的能力; 2、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力; 3、熟練運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法的能力。,語(yǔ)法填空題能力要求,重在基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法和句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析： 從語(yǔ)法角度去考慮，填的是語(yǔ)法詞，包括功能詞和詞形變換兩個(gè)方面。不限定一個(gè)詞。 句子方面，要學(xué)會(huì)正確分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，如主謂賓等；還要會(huì)區(qū)分主從句的層次。 特別是動(dòng)詞的成分，是否謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。,語(yǔ)法填空題解題方向,語(yǔ) 法,語(yǔ)法填空題型的解題思路,語(yǔ)法填空解題技巧（“由大到小” ）,1、通讀全

3、文、了解大意、把握特征、弄清文脈。,2、巧用已知，連線畫圖、降低難度、鋪平道路。,3、理解句意、分析結(jié)構(gòu)、大膽猜測(cè)、各個(gè)擊破 。,4、重讀全篇、仔細(xì)核查、語(yǔ)法正確、語(yǔ)意貫通。,5、拼寫正確、書寫規(guī)范、大小寫準(zhǔn)確（注意三寫）。,根據(jù)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)進(jìn)行填充 根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行填充 根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志進(jìn)行填充 語(yǔ)篇是指比單個(gè)句子長(zhǎng)的語(yǔ)言單位（句群、段落、篇章等）。語(yǔ)篇間往往有標(biāo)明內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的詞，我們稱這些詞為“語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志詞”。如表示結(jié)構(gòu)層次的有first, second, third, finally等；表示邏輯關(guān)系的有thus，therefore，so等；表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系或變換話題的有however, but, by

4、the way等。“語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志詞”對(duì)迅速理清文章的脈絡(luò)，弄清上下文關(guān)系很有幫助。,4.根據(jù)固定詞組進(jìn)行填充 熟練掌握一些常見(jiàn)的詞組，如as a matter of, be proud of, by the way, come from, congratulateon, devoteto, earn ones living, keep ones word, make up ones mind等，對(duì)解題很有幫助。 5. 根據(jù)句型搭配進(jìn)行填,就是根據(jù)一些常用的句型搭配，如so/suchthat, it is(for sb.) to do sth., There is no doubt that, th

5、ere is no sense in doing sth.等來(lái)解題。,6. 根據(jù)詞匯知識(shí)進(jìn)行填充 指根據(jù)某些詞語(yǔ)在用法上的特殊搭配來(lái)解題。如下列各類動(dòng)詞必須牢記：只能接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，只能接to do作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，接to do作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，接do作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，接doing或done作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，對(duì)句式搭配要求較為特別的詞語(yǔ)，等等。 7. 根據(jù)生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行填充,實(shí)踐與提高Practice makes perfect!,Will _1_ matter if you dont take your breakfast? Recently a test _2_ (give) in the

6、 United Sates. Those tests included people of different _3_ from 12 to 83. During the experiment, these people were given all kinds of breakfasts, and sometimes they got _4_ breakfast at all. Special tests were set up to see _5_ well their bodies worked and when they had eaten_6_certain kind of brea

7、kfast. The results show that if a person eats a proper breakfast, he or she will work with better effect _7_ if he or she has no breakfast. This fact appears to be _8_ (especial) true if a person works _9_ his brains. For example, if a student eats fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school,

8、 he will learn more quickly and listen with_10_ (much) attention in class.,it,were given,ages,no,how,a,than,especially,with,more,備考策略,1不斷記憶，積累詞匯。 語(yǔ)法填空題對(duì)單詞提出了比以前更高的要求，它不但要求考生認(rèn)識(shí)單詞，還要求能寫出一些要求的單詞。這就要求考生平時(shí)不斷地記憶單詞，不斷地積累詞匯，千方百計(jì)地把我們的詞匯量提高上去?？荚嚂r(shí)才能隨心所欲的寫出單詞，填出固定搭配。,2夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，學(xué)好語(yǔ)法。 英語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)瑣碎繁雜，不是一朝一夕就能掌握的，它要求我們平時(shí)多

9、聽(tīng)，多讀，多記，夯實(shí)自己的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)；我們還要堅(jiān)定不移地加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)法的學(xué)習(xí)，尤其是長(zhǎng)句、難句、復(fù)雜句的分析。只有這樣，才能為綜合能力的提高打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。,3大聲朗讀，培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)感。 語(yǔ)感是一種對(duì)語(yǔ)言、語(yǔ)段或詞句的感受能力，是一種看不見(jiàn)摸不著的東西，但在做完形填空題時(shí)又是必不可少的東西。嫻熟的語(yǔ)感的形成不是一蹴而就的，要在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中多聽(tīng)，多讀，尤其是大聲朗讀猶為重要。在早讀或晚讀時(shí)間，拋開(kāi)顧忌，放開(kāi)喉嚨，大聲朗讀，對(duì)培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)感是非常重要的。如果通過(guò)朗讀能夠多背誦一些課文是再好不過(guò)的了。語(yǔ)感在你的朗讀和背誦課文的過(guò)程中，不知不覺(jué)地逐步形成了。,4堅(jiān)持不懈，多做練習(xí)。 語(yǔ)法填空是一種新題型，考生在前幾年

10、都不曾練過(guò)的。但是高考中又占了總分的十分之一，非常重要。因此要求考生在考前一段時(shí)間要大量練習(xí)這種題型，不斷練習(xí)，不斷總結(jié)，不斷提高，高考時(shí)才能處變不驚，輕松應(yīng)對(duì)。,練習(xí)與思考,解答語(yǔ)法填空的八條思路,根據(jù)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)進(jìn)行填空 根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行填空 根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志進(jìn)行填空 根據(jù)固定詞組進(jìn)行填空 根據(jù)句型搭配進(jìn)行填空 根據(jù)詞匯知識(shí)進(jìn)行填空 根據(jù)生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行填空 根據(jù)文化背景進(jìn)行填空,A proverb says, “Time is money”. But in my opinion, time is even 1 _ precious than money. Why? 2 _ when money is

11、 spent, we can earn it back. However, when time is 3 _ , it will never return. 4 _ is known to all that the time we can use is limited. Therefore we should make 5 _ use of our time to study hard so as to serve our country in 6 _ future. But it is a pity that there are a lot of people 7 _ do not real

12、ize the value of time. They 8 _ their precious time smoking, drinking and playing. In a word, we should form the good habit of 9 _ (save) time. Do not put off what can be done today 10 _ tomorrow.,more,Because,gone,It,good / full,the,who,spend / waste,saving,till / until,1.由than可知, precious要用比較級(jí)，多音節(jié)

13、形容詞的比較級(jí)前加more，故此題答案為more,2. 因前句用Why提問(wèn)，應(yīng)當(dāng)用because來(lái)回答，故此題答案是because,3. 由表示轉(zhuǎn)折however的可知，是指當(dāng)時(shí)間失去的時(shí)候，表示“失去”是gone。,4.填it，形式主語(yǔ)，真正主語(yǔ)是后面由that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,5.有表示結(jié)果的Therefore可知，應(yīng)充分利用時(shí)間，故用形容詞full或good來(lái)修飾名詞。,6. 表示“在將來(lái)”，固定短語(yǔ)in the future,7.因there are是個(gè)句子，do not 應(yīng)是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，從句缺主語(yǔ)，先行詞是人，應(yīng)填入 who.,8.由time smoking可想到是spend /wa

14、ste time (in) doing句型，這是由spend /waste的用法所決定的；這里是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，填spend /waste,9. 因of是介詞，介詞后的動(dòng)詞通常用 -ing形式，故填saving,10.結(jié)合生活常識(shí)，不難理解句意為“不要把今天能做的事情推遲到明天做”，答案自然是表示“直到”的until/till.,語(yǔ)法填空題的解題技巧,一、無(wú)提示型的解題技巧 介詞，代詞，冠詞， 助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，疑問(wèn)副詞 并列句，復(fù)合句,規(guī)律1 空格+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,1. I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _ gets

15、 there almost in a second. 2. Some of my friends who had been there before said _ was a wonderful holiday destination. 3. Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk, but after some minutes _walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed 4. She remembered how difficult _ was to choose a

16、 suitable Christmas present for her father.,代詞或名詞(多考代詞),it,it,he,it,5. It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help _ rice crop grow up quickly. 6. In the beginning, there was only_very small amount of unfairness in the world. 7. I sat next to the man a

17、nd introduced myself. We had_amazing conversation.,his,a,an,8. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _ top floor. 9. But I quickly realized that it wasnt her, it was probably the fact that she sat in_ last row. 10. the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to

18、pull it to _ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage.,規(guī)律2 空格+名詞,限定詞,the,the,a,11 who should have the honour of receiving me _ a guest in their house. 12. When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next _ the window 13. my credit card had already been charge

19、d _ the reservation. 14. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect_ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.” 15. The new boy looked at the teacher_ a few seconds and all the other students wondered,規(guī)律3 空格+名詞/代詞,介詞,as,to,for,for,f

20、or,16. two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso _ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars. 17. all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me _ almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. 18. I wanted to see as much of the city as possible

21、in the two days _ I was to return to Guangzhou. 19. He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _ he felt very happy 20. Maybe you leave a habit _ is driving your family crazy.,and,and,before,but,that,21. The next day, my brother and I went to the beach _ we watched some people play volleyba

22、ll. 22. Nicks guests, _ had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy sale more cheaply if they could. 23. Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary,_ made her feel like a star. 24. Behind him were other people to _ he was trying to talk 25. One day, he ca

23、me up with an idea _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.,規(guī)律4 詞和詞之間沒(méi)連詞，句和句之間沒(méi)連詞（注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)）,連詞,where,who,which,whom,that,26. What is acceptable in one country_ be considered extremely rude in another. 27. He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he _ bring h

24、ome a regular salary.,規(guī)律5 結(jié)構(gòu)完整，給原形， 上下文其他時(shí)態(tài)不一致,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞,may,did,28. and _ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldntt eat MSG (味精)! 29. _with hard work can you expect to get pay rise. 30. as_ took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists 31. Datin

25、g sites also make_ easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. 32. This made the goat so jealous _ it began plotting against (謀劃對(duì)付) the donkey. 33. Cynthias story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares_ how much he pays.,it,Only,it,it,that,than,規(guī)律6 特殊句式,(1)由it ist

26、hat強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)形式，判斷填it還是that。如： (2)由倒裝句式判斷，是填構(gòu)成倒裝的條件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，還是填do, does, did等。如： (3)由it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)的句式判斷，空格處是否填it。如： (4)so /suchthat句型。如： (5)morethan (與其說(shuō)不如說(shuō)，比更)句型。如：, 有提示詞的解題技巧,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu) 上下文語(yǔ)境,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)） 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 名詞，形容詞，副詞， 形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)或最高級(jí),有提示詞,（一）動(dòng)詞類,1. A

27、boy on a bike _ (catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. 2. We _（tell）that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week 3. Suddenly, he_ (find) that he had run out of salt. 4. In Logan, three people _ (take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic.,規(guī)律

28、1 句中沒(méi)有別的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,所給動(dòng)詞就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞, 則考慮時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài),5. That was definitely not an attractimve idea so I politely declined her invitation, _(close) my book and walked away.,closed,雖然已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但需填的動(dòng)詞與之是并列關(guān)系,所給動(dòng)詞就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞, 則考慮時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài),規(guī)律2 ：若句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又不是并列謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞就是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。若是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就要確定用 doing形式，done形式，還是 to do 形式。非謂語(yǔ)的形式一定要考慮它與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間

29、的關(guān)系。,先來(lái)看看歷年高考語(yǔ)法填空題非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都考了什么？,1. but he refused _ (stop) until we reached the next stop. 2. Still, the boy kept _ (ride).,3. We got a little _（sunburn），but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind. 4. Mary felt_ (please), because there were many empty seats in the room. 5. some of them looked

30、 very anxious and _ (disappoint) .,6. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man _ (sit) at the front. 7. While she was getting me _ (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car,8. She wished that he was as easy _ (pleas

31、e) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume. 9. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop _ (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.,10. He spit it out, _ (say) it was awful. 11. In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone ad

32、ded a little, always _ (think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.”,歷年高考語(yǔ)法填空題考過(guò)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu) 1 動(dòng)詞 +不定式 2 動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)名詞 3 系動(dòng)詞 + 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 4 動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式/現(xiàn)在分詞/+過(guò)去分詞 5 Be +形容詞+ to do 6 不定式做目的狀語(yǔ) 7 現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語(yǔ),非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞類試題的幾個(gè) 其他注意點(diǎn),1. but it is not enough only _(memorize) rules

33、 from a grammar book.,to memorize,2. _(speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary,Speaking,注意 ：作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用doing / being done形式表示習(xí)慣或一般情況； 用to do / to be done形式表示具體情況或?qū)?lái)；用having done / having been done表示已發(fā)生。,3. _(complete) the project as planned, well have to work two mo

34、re hours a day.,To complete,5. Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely _(succeed.),to succeed,1.目的狀語(yǔ), (tooto,enough to, only to do) 2. be+形容詞+to do,4. The young student did all that he could _ (pass) the examinations.,to pass,Thecakeiseasytomake.,6. He

35、saw the stone, _ (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.”,saying,分詞作狀語(yǔ)，查邏輯主語(yǔ)，確定形式。,7. The headmaster went into the lab, _(follow) by the foreign guests.,followed,8. There will be a meeting, _(start) later this year to review the film.,learned,分詞后置定語(yǔ)，查與被修飾詞，確定形式。,starting,9. .Lessons_(learn)

36、in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.,10. Antonio Gaudio, a Spanish architect, was the first _ (understand) that.,the first/second/last/next/only. (+名詞/代詞)+to do sth.,to understand,其他詞類的解題規(guī)律,熟悉各種詞性充當(dāng)何種句子成分是基礎(chǔ) 判斷出該詞在句子所作何種句子成分是關(guān)鍵 熟悉各種詞形變化是保障,1. The youngster immediately fell _ (sile

37、nce) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. 2. That would be a very _ (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said. 3. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _ (nature) course. 4. Teachers must try their best to make most of the

38、ir students _ (interest) in the subject,規(guī)律1：作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)， 通常用形容詞形式。,答案：silent，reasonable， natural，interested,規(guī)律2：作主語(yǔ)或在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞后作賓語(yǔ)，用名詞,5. When Chinas ancient scientific and technological _ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions. 6. These people have made gr

39、eat _(contribute) to China with their work. 7. instructors expect students to be familiar with _(inform) in the reading,achievements,contributions,information,規(guī)律3 限定詞+空格+of +名詞空格用名詞,8. But Jane knew from past experience that her _ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. 9. With the large nu

40、mbers of students, the _ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.,choice，operation,規(guī)律4：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個(gè)句子，作狀語(yǔ)，用副詞,10. the crowd of strangers _ (sudden) became friendly to one another. 11. She was _（surprise）helpful. 12. But such a small thing couldnt _ (possible) destroy a village. 13. Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet _ (mai