1、The Eternal Smile of the Buddha,Beautiful GuanYin in the MoGao GrottoesSmiling Buddha in the Maijishan GrottoesBuddha of Brightness in the Longmen Grottoes Compassionate Buddha of Qingzhou,Contents：,Brief Introduction,Buddhism found its way to China around the first century and has since exerted a s

2、ignificant, far-reaching influence on Chinese culture. The splendid Buddhist artistic works are important component. The statues of the Buddha are found in many places across the country.,Yungang grottoes, one of Chinas four most famous Buddhist Caves Art Treasure Houses, is located about sixteen ki

3、lometers west of Datong, Shanxi Province.,It exists 53 caves, most of which are made during the Northern Wei Dynasty between 460 and 494 AD, and over 51, 000 stone sculptures.,云岡石窟,莫高窟,It existing caves 735, the mural45,000 square meter, painted sculpture 2,415, are in the world the extant scale is

4、biggest, the content richest Buddhism art place.,ThegrottoesofMaijiMountainarecavedinthecliffs,whichareinrows20to30metersor70to,80,meters,above,the,foot,of,mountain.,That,makes,them,look,like,a,huge,honeycomb,in,the,distance.Thewideofthosegrottoeswhicharelinkedbysomedangerouswaysisfrom3metersto,abou

5、t1meter.,麥積山石窟,MaijishanGrottoeswerefirstdugin the QinDynastyofthe SixteenStatesPeriod(about384to 417AD).,Andthegrottoes werecutandrepairedinthesuccessivedynastiesofthe NorthernWeiDynasty，the NorthernZhouDynasty,theSuiDynasty,the Tang Dynasty.,He facing the despondent secular world with a smile. smi

6、ling mysteriously and kindly.,Features of the Buddha in Maijishan,The statues are wrought with as many human features as possible. The countenance of the statues expresses calm compassion. The majority of the statues nod and smile in a natural manner, and their robes are smooth as if flying.,On Nove

7、mber 30, 2000, the Long men Grottoes were approved by the 24th UN Heritage Commission to be put on the List of World Cultural Heritage.,龍門石窟,The construction of the Longmen Grottoes began in 493 during the reign of Emperor Xiaowen and continued through the successive six dynasties, including Tang an

8、d Song, for a span of over 400 years. Altogether there are 2100 caves, 785 niches.,The statue of the Buddha of Brightness “盧舍那佛”,智慧廣大，光明普照,Compassionate Buddha of Qingzhou,Buddha statues from the northern Qi Dynasty was one of the most exciting archeological findings of 20th century China. These sta

9、tues have been exhibited in Germany, France and the United States, arousing great interest among viewers.,A painted Buddha statue with a mysterious smile and moving luminosity.,思維菩薩像,The discovery of the Qing Zhou Grotto transported smiles from a thousand years ago to todays human world.,The Dazu st

10、one sculptures,Dazu rock carvings are a great masterpiece of art, important contribution to the creation of new ides in the development of Chinese speleologists.,大足石刻千手觀音像,觀音曾發(fā)誓要普度眾生，然而眾生蕓蕓，觀音頗有力不勝任之感。于是觀音分身成四十二個(gè)大慈大悲菩薩，意在利益安樂一切眾生。觀音的師傅無(wú)量佛將四十二個(gè)個(gè)體撮合在一起，只留下四十二只手臂，又讓每只手掌上長(zhǎng)出一只眼睛，代表一個(gè)化身。,這樣除去主體的兩只手臂，還有四十只

11、手臂，每只手臂各配上佛門三界中的“二十五有”(佛教認(rèn)為，三界中有二十五種有情存在環(huán)境，包括四洲、四意趣、六欲天等)，兩數(shù)相乘為一千。,Sakyamuni,釋迦摩尼，姓喬達(dá)摩，名悉達(dá)多。佛教創(chuàng)始人，釋迦摩尼是佛教徒對(duì)他的尊稱。,Background Information,China was experiencing one of the most traumatic periods in its history, with endless wars claiming the lives of countless people, and the survivors plunged into an

12、 abyss of suffering. These statues face the despondent secular world with smile, which gives people faith in life.,公元前6世紀(jì)至前5世紀(jì)，釋迦牟尼創(chuàng)建于古印度。以后廣泛傳播于亞洲很多國(guó)家和地區(qū)。佛教向亞洲各地傳播，大致可分為兩條路線：南向最先傳入斯里蘭卡，又由斯里蘭卡傳入緬甸、泰國(guó)、柬埔寨、老撾等國(guó)。北傳經(jīng)帕米爾高原傳入中國(guó)，再由中國(guó)傳入朝鮮、日本、越南等國(guó)。約在19世紀(jì)末和20世紀(jì)初，佛教先后傳入歐洲和北美。1906年英國(guó)成立“英國(guó)佛教協(xié)會(huì)”，歐洲佛教徒開始有自己的組織。以后英

13、、法、德、瑞士、瑞典、捷克斯洛伐克、匈牙利等國(guó)都有佛教僧團(tuán)和研究機(jī)構(gòu)。佛教傳入美國(guó)后，又北傳加拿大，南傳巴西、秘魯、阿根廷等國(guó)。目前佛教已傳播到世界各大洲。但主要仍集中在東亞和東南亞一帶，這個(gè)地區(qū)的佛教信徒人數(shù)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過其他宗教信徒。,The origin of Buddhism,佛教的基本教義，主要是：緣起、法印、四諦（ （1）苦諦：指三界六道生死輪回，充滿了痛苦煩惱。（2）集諦：集諦，指眾生痛苦的根源。（3）滅諦：指痛苦的寂滅。 （4）道諦：指通向寂滅的道路，主要指八正道。佛教認(rèn)為，依照佛法去修行，就能脫離生死輪回的苦海，到達(dá)涅盤寂滅的境界。）、八正道（正見，正思維，正語(yǔ)，正業(yè)，正命，正精進(jìn)

14、，正念，正定）、十二因緣（無(wú)明，行，識(shí)，名色，六入，觸，受，愛，取，有，生，老死）、因果業(yè)報(bào)、三界六道、三十七道品、涅盤，以及自成一體的密宗法義等。,佛教的宗旨是解脫煩惱，脫離輪回。,華嚴(yán)經(jīng)：“佛土生五色莖，一花一世界，一葉一如來(lái)” 佛曰：一花一世界，一木一浮生，一草一天堂，一葉一如來(lái)，一砂一極樂，一方一凈土，一笑一塵緣，一念一清靜。,一切事從因得果，種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆，所以種菩提就得菩提，種佛就得佛。修道到了一定的境界，身若菩提樹，不為凡事所困，心如明 鏡不受俗塵所擾，要不斷的審視自身，以免又為塵世所束縛。,“男戴觀音女戴佛”,男人戴觀音，是讓男人少一些殘忍和暴力，多一些像觀音一樣的慈悲與柔

15、和。 女人戴佛，是讓女人少一些嫉妒和小心眼，少說(shuō)是非，要像彌勒佛一樣肚量廣大。,Why Buddha is always smiling?,佛祖拈花 迦葉微笑 一天，在靈山會(huì)上，大梵天王以金色菠蘿花獻(xiàn)佛，并請(qǐng)佛說(shuō)法?？墒?，釋迦牟尼如來(lái)佛祖一言不發(fā)，只是用拈菠蘿花遍示大眾，從容不迫，意態(tài)安詳。當(dāng)時(shí)，會(huì)中所有的人和神都不能領(lǐng)會(huì)佛祖的意思，唯有佛的大弟子摩訶迦葉尊者妙悟其意。破言為笑。于是，釋迦牟尼將花交給迦葉，囑告他說(shuō)：吾有正法眼藏，涅槧秒心，實(shí)相無(wú)相，微妙法門，不立文字，教外別轉(zhuǎn)之旨，以心印心之法傳給你。 釋迦牟尼佛祖在大庭廣眾之下，像這樣一言不發(fā)，只是帶在和他那不動(dòng)生色的微笑，從容不迫，寧?kù)o安

16、詳，其中微妙究竟何在？,Why Buddha is always smiling?,佛祖拈花 迦葉微笑 其實(shí)，釋迦牟尼這里所傳示的，正是一中無(wú)言的心態(tài)一種至為安詳，靜謐，調(diào)和，美好的心態(tài)，這是不呢國(guó)內(nèi)用任何語(yǔ)言和行為來(lái)打破的。這種心態(tài)純凈無(wú)染，無(wú)欲無(wú)貪，坦然自得，樂觀自信，無(wú)拘無(wú)束，不著形跡，不可動(dòng)搖，與世長(zhǎng)存即所謂“真如秒心”，亦即“普照一切、含藏萬(wàn)法”的根本佛法正法眼藏之所在。所以迦葉與佛祖在靈山會(huì)上心心相印，僅只拈話微笑而已，沒有任何其他的表示，但一切盡在不言中，此時(shí)無(wú)聲勝有聲。而釋迦牟尼最后對(duì)迦葉所囑咐的話，也正好是對(duì)這種心態(tài)的最好證明。,峨嵋山靈巖寺：開口便笑，笑古笑今，凡事付之一笑大肚能容，容天容地，于人何所不容,成都寶光寺：你眉頭著什么焦，但能安分守貧，便將得和氣一團(tuán)， 常向眾人開口笑我肚皮有這般大，總不愁穿慮吃，只講了包羅萬(wàn)物， 自然百事放寬心,四川樂山凌云寺：笑古笑今笑東笑西笑南笑北笑來(lái)笑去笑自己原來(lái)無(wú)知無(wú)識(shí)觀事觀物觀天觀地觀日觀月觀上觀下觀他人總會(huì)有高有低,Conclusion,Generally speaking, Buddha statues always emphasize natural and calm facial expressions, but the s