1、同學們都知道動詞不定式有主動式和被動式，即 “ to do和 to be done” 之分，但在實際使用中常有用主動形式表示被動含義的情況，比如：1). I have a lot of housework to do today.2). There are so many types of computers for you to choose.3). I think English is not so hard to learn.上述三例中的不定式與其前面的名詞之間都存有被動關(guān)系，但是都用了不定式的主動式表示被動意義。那么究竟在哪些情行下可用不定式的主動表示被動呢？1. 動詞不定式的邏輯主語

2、在句子中出現(xiàn)或暗含在句中如：a. We have many difficulties to overcome.b. Give him some storybooks to read.c. They didnt think that a proper measure (for them) to take.d. He is not easy (for anyone) to persuade.e. With so many trees to plant, he got up at 5 oclock the next morning.注意：若句子的主語并非不定式的邏輯主語時，不定式則必須用被動式如：a

3、. Ill go to New York. Have you anything to be taken to your wife there?b. I have no letter to be typed. Thank you all the same.c. “Have you any clothes to be washed, sir?” asked the maid.a句中take的邏輯主語為I而不是you ; b句中type的邏輯主語是you 而不是I；c句中wash的邏輯主語是 maid 而不是I。2. 在 Sth. / Sb. + adj. + to do 結(jié)構(gòu)中， 若形容詞為：ea

4、sy, difficult, hard, heavy, light, good, nice, pleasant, comfortable, fit, dangerous, interesting, important等等如：The river is dangerous to swim in.The box is too heavy for the boy to carry.The room is comfortable to live in.The problem is difficult to work out.當上述形容詞在句中作賓語補足語，后接不定式時，不定式也用主動表被動如： I fo

5、und him easy to get along with.They dont think the game interesting to play.3. There be 句型中，用來修飾主語的不定式多用主動式如：Theres nothing to do now. ( = We have nothing to do now)Theres nothing to see. ( nothing worth seeing)注意： 若用不定式的被動式，則表示不同的含義比較：Theres nothing to be done. (= We can do nothing now)Theres nothi

6、ng to be seen. ( nothing there at all)而 to let, to blame, to seek等不定式，多以主動式表被動意義如：This flat is to let.I am to blame for it.動詞不定式是動詞的一種非謂語形式，它有時態(tài)的變化，有主動和被動之分。當不定式的邏輯主語為不定式所表示動作的承受者時，通常需用不定式的被動形式。如：he asked to be sent to the front. (他請求被派往前線。) 但是，在下列情況下，常用不定式的主動形式來表示被動的含義：1. 在“形容詞 + 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作表語、賓補和定語時，其

7、中形容詞多為表示性質(zhì)的詞，如：easy, hard, good, difficult, interesting等。如：these apples are good to eat. 這些蘋果很好吃。i find the lecture difficult to understand. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這個報告很難懂。he is a man easy to get on with. 他是一個容易相處的人。2. 在too.to.結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：the passage is too hard to translate. 這一段太難，無法翻譯。the box is too heavy to move. 這個箱子太重，搬

8、不動。3. 在“疑問代詞 + 不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：i dont know what to do next. 我不知道下一步該做什么。she will tell you which bus to take. 她會告訴你坐哪路公共汽車。4. 在不定式作定語，與被修飾詞之間有動賓關(guān)系，而與句中的另一名詞或代詞之間有主謂關(guān)系時。如：i have a meeting to attend today. 今天我有個會議要參加。do you have anything to say? 你有什么話要說嗎？he gave me some books to read. 他給了我一些書看。但如果沒有這種主謂關(guān)系，則需

9、要用不定式的被動形式。如：im going to beijing next week. do you have anything to be taken to your parents? 下周我要去北京，你有什么東西(讓我)捎給你父母嗎？5. 在下列句型中，to let, to blame, to seek等用不定形式表示被動含義。如：the house is to let. 這棟房子要出租。who is to blame for it? 這得怪誰？the reason is not far to seek. 理由不難找到。在英語學習中，有許多地方用主動表被動，這對于大多數(shù)學生來說是一個難點，

10、不好掌握。其實主動表被動是指形式無被動結(jié)構(gòu)而含被動含義的主動形式，即句中某個名詞或代詞與某個動詞存在邏輯動賓關(guān)系或為被動關(guān)系，用主動結(jié)構(gòu)表被動含義。用主動結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動含義的情況有： 1. be worthdoing值得做 例如： The novel is worth reading again. The film is worth seeing. 2. need（want / require）+ doing等于need（want / require）+to be done 需要做例如： My watch needs repairing（to be repaired）. The house wa

11、nts painting（to be pained）. 3. 某些與cant, wont等連用的不及物動詞，如move, lock, shut, open等，常用主動結(jié)構(gòu)表被動含義, 例如： It cant move. The door wont shut. The window wont open. 4.某些可以和well, easily, smoothly等副詞連用的不及物動詞如read, write, wash, clean, draw, burn, cook, sell, lock, open, shut等，且主語是非生命的名詞或代詞，用主動結(jié)構(gòu)表被動含義。 例如： This kind

12、 of book sells well. The pen writes smoothly. The cloth washes well. The poem reads smoothly. The table doesnt clean easily. This kind of rice cooks more easily than that kind. That door shuts well. 5. 主語beadj.to do的結(jié)構(gòu)中，動詞不定式常用主動結(jié)構(gòu)表被動含義，這些表語形容詞有hard, difficult, easy, fit, necessary, dangerous, comfo

13、rtable, heavy等。例： The problem is hard to solve. The chair is comfortable to sit on. I find the water in the well fit to drink. 6. 有些系動詞，如: taste, sound, prove, feel, look, smell, remain, appear等，常用主動結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動含義。例如： The flower looks ugly. What you said sounds reasonable. The dish smells delicious. The f

14、ood tastes good. The story proved quite false. She remains silent. This material feels soft. 7.有些不定式，如：to let, to blame, to rent, remain to do等常用主動結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動含義。 例如： The taxi is to rent. Much remains to find. Who is to blame for starting the fire? The house is to let. 8. “主語+have / has + 名詞+ to do”結(jié)構(gòu)，也用主動結(jié)構(gòu)表被動含義，此時主語與to do 存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，to do 與賓語存在邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。例如： He has many problems to solve. Mr. White has lots of things to do. I have a room to live in. 9.介詞 on, under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語表示被動意義。例如： undern.結(jié)構(gòu)，表示某事在進行中。 如：under control, under repair, under discussion等。例如： The fire was under control