1、第四講 閱讀理解考試基本題型與要求 大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)階段，對(duì)閱讀理解的要求比四級(jí)階段的要求更高。教學(xué)大綱明確規(guī)定：“能順利閱讀語(yǔ)言難度較高，內(nèi)容廣泛，體裁多樣的文章，掌握中心大意以及說明中心大意的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度，能就文章的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)、分析、推理、判斷和綜合概括，能分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，閱讀速度達(dá)到每分鐘100個(gè)單詞，能順利查閱和使用工具書參考書及其他參考資料。在閱讀篇幅較長(zhǎng)，難度略低，生詞不超過總詞數(shù)3%的材料時(shí)，能正確理解中心大意，抓住主要事實(shí)和有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)，閱讀速度達(dá)到每分鐘150詞?！备鶕?jù)這一規(guī)定，在大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)教學(xué)中，英語(yǔ)教師和教學(xué)管理部門對(duì)閱讀教學(xué)都極為重視，把這一環(huán)節(jié)作為教學(xué)的重

2、點(diǎn)來抓。在歷年的六級(jí)考試中，閱讀理解題也是重中之重。閱讀理解的短文共4篇，每篇5道題，共計(jì)20題，占試卷總分的40%。因此，考生閱讀能力的強(qiáng)弱是通過六級(jí)成功與否的關(guān)鍵，而閱讀理解的關(guān)鍵又在于對(duì)文章深層次的理解。所謂深層次的理解是指在看懂文字的基礎(chǔ)上，通過文章的表層結(jié)構(gòu)(surface structure)去推斷文章各部分的邏輯關(guān)系，文中的人物動(dòng)機(jī)，作者的意圖和態(tài)度等等，以達(dá)到對(duì)文章的真正理解。掌握了文章的深層次的含義，閱讀理解的難題也就迎刃而解了。要取得閱讀理解的好成績(jī)，考生應(yīng)注意以下幾個(gè)方面：一、把握好閱讀速度由于閱讀理解題的篇幅大，內(nèi)容多，沒有一定的速度作保證就很難把題目做完，這樣就會(huì)影響

3、做題的進(jìn)度，失去一些本來應(yīng)該得到的分?jǐn)?shù)。因此，在解題時(shí)對(duì)每篇文章的每道題都要在不影響整個(gè)試卷完成的前提下按時(shí)或稍微超前一點(diǎn)時(shí)間做完并且提高正確率。二、采用科學(xué)的解題方法1. 快速讀題。在閱讀之前先快速瀏覽文章下面的題目，這樣可以帶著這些問題讀文章，做到有的放矢，提高閱讀的質(zhì)量。2. 細(xì)讀全文。在通讀全文的過程中，要認(rèn)真仔細(xì)地讀懂文章內(nèi)容，對(duì)與問題有關(guān)的部分和細(xì)節(jié)尤其要仔細(xì)。3.邊做題邊尋讀。在做題時(shí)以查尋的方法去尋找文章中與問題有關(guān)的句子或段落，著重閱讀與問題分析有關(guān)的內(nèi)容。對(duì)全文不必再重讀，這樣可節(jié)省時(shí)間。三、熟悉閱讀文章的文體和題材，提高全面復(fù)習(xí)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解的短文大多為說明文，議論文和記敘

4、文，題材內(nèi)容多樣，其中包括社會(huì)生活、文化教育、人物傳記、科普知識(shí)、政治經(jīng)濟(jì)、天文地理等。四、熟悉和了解閱讀理解的命題方式，有針對(duì)性地進(jìn)行考前訓(xùn)練縱觀歷年六級(jí)英語(yǔ)試卷的閱讀理解試題，其命題方式有以下幾種：1.語(yǔ)義題型式。主要考察短文中某個(gè)單詞，某個(gè)短語(yǔ)或某個(gè)句子的含義。2.細(xì)節(jié)題型式。對(duì)文章中某些事實(shí)的某些細(xì)節(jié)考查。3.推理題型式。通過暗示某種觀點(diǎn)考查邏輯思維和推斷的能力。4.主旨題型式。通過分析和理解，考查對(duì)文章的主題思想的理解能力。5.排除題型式。通過給出一個(gè)與文章不相干的選項(xiàng)來考查對(duì)文章的全面理解。五、閱讀理解的考試類型目前，六級(jí)閱讀理解的考試題型有兩種，一種是多項(xiàng)選擇，另一種是簡(jiǎn)短回答問

5、題。1.多項(xiàng)選擇多項(xiàng)選擇是四、六級(jí)英語(yǔ)閱讀與理解考試最常見的題型。該部分由4篇短文組成，總詞匯量大約為1300-1500詞，共設(shè)有20道題目。每篇文章有五道題目，每個(gè)題目含四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，時(shí)間分配為：在35分鐘內(nèi)完成全部題目。具體要求如下：Part Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are 4 reading passges in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choi

6、ces marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: 21. The author is primarily addressing_.A)parents of teenagers B)newspaper readersC)those

7、 who give advice to teenagers D)teenagers22. The first paragraph is mainly about_.A)the teenagers criticism of their parentsB)misunderstandings between teenagers and their parentsC)the dominance of the parents over their childrenD)the teenagers ability to deal with crises23. Teenagers tend to have s

8、trange clothes and hair styles because they_.A)want to show their existene by creating a culture of their ownB)have a strong desire to be leaders in style and tasteC)have no other way to enjoy themselves betterD)want to irritate their parents24. Teenagers do not want their parents to approve of what

9、ever they do because they_.A)have already been accepted into adult worldB)feel that they are superior in a small way to the adultsC)are not likely to win over the adultsD)have a desire to be independent25. To improve parentchild relationships,teenagers are advised to be_.A)obedient B)responsibleC)co

10、-operative D)independent2.簡(jiǎn)短回答題(Short Answer Questions)該題型是最近幾年出現(xiàn)的一種主觀考題，側(cè)重考察考生的理解和主觀表達(dá)能力。由于該部分要求考生提高動(dòng)手寫作的能力，所以和寫作一起被安排在試卷二上。具體要求如下(以1997年6月六級(jí)真題為例)：Directions: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements.Read the passage carefully.Then answer the questions or c

11、omplete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words).I once knew a dog named Newton who had a unique sense of humour.Whenever I tossed out a Frisbee(飛碟)for him to chase,hed take off in hot pursuit but then seemto lose track of it.Moving back and forth only a yard or two from

12、the toy,Newton would look all around,even up into the trees.He seemed genuinely puzzled.Finally,Id give up and head into the field to help him out.But no sooner would I get within 10 ft.of him than he would run invariably straight over to the Frisbee,grab it and start running like mad,looking over h

13、is shoulder with what looked suspiciously like a grin.Just about every pet owner has a story like this and is eager to share it with anyone who will listen.On very short notice,TIME reporters came up with 25 stories about what each is convinced is the smartest pet in the world.Among them:the cat who

14、 closes the door behind him when he goes into the bathroom;the cat who uses a toilet instead of a little box.and flushes it afterward;the dog who goes wild when he sees his owner putting on blue jeans instead of a dress because jeans mean it is time to play;and the cat who used to wait patiently at

15、the bus stop every day for a little girl,then walk her the six blocks home.And so on.These behaviours are certainly clever,but what do they mean?Was Newton really deceiving?Can a cat really desire privacy in the toilet?In short,do household pets really have a mental and emotional life?Their owners t

16、hink so,but until recently,animalbehavior experts would have gone mad on hearing such a question.The worst sin in their moral vocabulary was anthropomorphism(擬人化),projecting human traits onto animals.A dog or a cat might behave as if it were angry,lonely,sad,happy or confused,but that was only in th

17、e eye of the viewer.What was going on,they insisted,was that the dog or cat had been conditioned,through a perhaps unintentional series of punishments and rewards,to behave a certain way.The behaviour was a mechanical result of the training.Questions: (注意：答題盡量簡(jiǎn)短，超過10個(gè)詞要扣分。每條橫線寫一個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不占格。)S1.Wha

18、t did Newton seem puzzled about?CD#5 CD#5 CD#5 CD#5 CD#5CD#5 CD#5 CD#5 CD#5 CD#5S2.Why does the author say Newton had unique sense of humour?CD#5 CD#5 CD#5 CD#5 CD#5CD#5 CD#5 CD#5 CD#5 CD#5 S3.What made it possible for the TIME reporters to come up with so many interesting stories about pets?CD#5 CD#5 CD#5 CD#5 CD#5CD#5 CD#5 CD#5 CD#5 CD#5 S4.Wh