1、Module5 Grammar,語法專題突破,品味語法 1If I had ticket，I would go to the concert. If I were you，I could take his advice. 2If you had worked hard，you would have passed the final examination. 3If it were to rain tomorrow，the sports meet would be put off. If I should come tomorrow，I could see the general manager

2、.,虛擬語氣() 虛擬語氣用于表示主觀愿望和假設(shè)的虛擬情況。虛擬語氣不太顧及事實(shí)，它表現(xiàn)出說話人的主觀因素比較多。所以說話人所說的內(nèi)容往往是與事實(shí)相反的，或是其實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性微乎其微，甚至于毫無可能。當(dāng)然，有時(shí)為了使說話的語氣客氣、緩和、委婉，也使用虛擬語氣。,I wish you were more careful. 但愿你更細(xì)心一些。 If I had had more time，I would have done the work better. 我要是當(dāng)時(shí)時(shí)間再多點(diǎn)，這工作就會(huì)做得更好。 Would you mind if I closed the window? 我把窗戶關(guān)上，您介意嗎

3、？,一、虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的應(yīng)用 虛擬條件句的條件和結(jié)果都在同一時(shí)間范疇之內(nèi)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的主要形式如下：,虛擬條件句使用時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)： 1當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。 If the doctors hadnt tried their best to save you，you wouldnt be standing here now. 如果醫(yī)生不全力搶救你，你現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)站在這兒了。,2.若條件狀語從句中包含有were，had，should，有時(shí)可把if省略掉，把were，had，sho

4、uld放在主語前，構(gòu)成倒裝句。 If I were twenty now，I would join the army. Were I twenty now，I would join the army. 如果我現(xiàn)在二十歲，我就參軍。 If we had made a great effort，we might have succeeded. Had we made a great effort，we might have succeeded. 如果我們(過去)做了很大的努力的話，我們可能就會(huì)獲得成功了。,If Mr.Wang should call，what would you say? Sho

5、uld Mr.Wang call，what would you say? 萬一王先生打來電話，你怎么說呢？ If I were to do it，I would use a different way. Were I to do it，I would use a different way. 如果要我做，我就換個(gè)方式。,二、含蓄條件句 有時(shí)為了表達(dá)的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而是通過一個(gè)介詞短語(without , but for )來引出. Without electricity，human life would be quite different today. 如果

6、沒有電，人類現(xiàn)在的生活就會(huì)是另外一個(gè)樣子了。 The ship would have sunk with all on board but for the efforts of the captain. 要不是船長(zhǎng)的努力，我們就會(huì)連船帶人都沉沒了。,.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1If I _(study)medicine ten years ago，I would be a doctor now. 答案：had studied 2If I _(be)you，I should seize the opportunity to go abroad. 答案：were,3Without water in

7、 the world，everything _(die) 答案：would die,.單項(xiàng)填空 1(2011年高考北京卷)Maybe if I _ science，and not literature then，I would be able to give you more help. AstudiedBwould study Chad studied Dwas studying 解析：選C。 句意：也許如果我那時(shí)學(xué)理而不是文，我現(xiàn)在就能給你更多的幫助。本題考查虛擬語氣，如果與過去事實(shí)相反，條件從句的時(shí)態(tài)：haddone，故選C。,3The weather has been very hot

8、 and dry. Yes.If it had rained even a drop，things would be much better now! And my vegetables _. Awouldnt die Bdidnt die Chadnt died Dwouldnt have died 解析：選D。 句意為：“天氣又熱又干燥?！薄笆堑?。要是稍微下點(diǎn)兒雨，現(xiàn)在的情況就會(huì)更好一些！那樣我的蔬菜就不會(huì)死掉了。”,4Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we_it without you. Acan manage

9、 Bcould have managed Ccould manage Dcan have managed 解析：選B。 句意為：謝謝你上周的努力工作，要是沒有你，我想我們不可能做成這件事?！安豢赡茏龀伞?，但事實(shí)上已經(jīng)做成了，故須用表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣。,5The couple feel more comfortable on a ship than they would do if they_any other way. Atravel Bare traveling Ctraveled Dhave traveled 解析：選C。 這是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，if從句使用一般過去時(shí)。,

10、6Had you followed the doctors advice，you would be much better now.But you_. Adont Bhavent Chadnt Ddidnt 解析：選D 句意為：如果你聽醫(yī)生的話，你現(xiàn)在感覺會(huì)好得多。但你卻沒聽。,7Thank you for giving me a hand.I_in the experiment without your valuable help. Ahave failed Bwill fail Cwould have failed Dmust have failed 解析：選C 句意為：謝謝你幫我。沒有你

11、的幫助我的實(shí)驗(yàn)就會(huì)失敗。由題意可知，幫助是發(fā)生在過去，故為與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，所以應(yīng)該用would have done結(jié)構(gòu)，故選C。,8If the weather_more favorable，the crops_still better now. Awere；would have grown Bhas been；would be growing Chad；would have grown Dhad been；would be growing 解析：選D 句意為：如果天氣更有利些，也許莊稼現(xiàn)在能長(zhǎng)得更好。條件句表示與過去事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句，謂語用had過去分詞，而主句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反

12、，謂語would動(dòng)詞原形。本題用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示“莊稼長(zhǎng)勢(shì)正旺”。,9If you_that movie last night，you would not be so sleepy now. Ahavent watched Bdidnt watch Cwouldnt have watched Dhadnt watched 解析：選D 考查錯(cuò)綜虛擬語氣。條件句與過去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。,10_to do the work，I should do it some other day. AIf were I BI were CWere I DWas I 解析：選C 與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句，

13、從句用倒裝。,語法專題突破,品味語法 1He speaks English as if he had studied it in England before. 2I wish I had a big house. 3He insisted that the old man (should) be sent to hospital at once.,自我探究 例句1，as if后面所表示的不是事實(shí)的話，從句謂語使用虛擬語氣，表現(xiàn)在用一般過去時(shí)，表過去用過去完成時(shí)；例句2，wish 后跟賓語從句，表示愿望，也常用虛擬語氣，表示現(xiàn)在的愿望用一般過去時(shí)；例句3，在某些特定動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句謂語用(s

14、hould) do形式。,虛擬語氣 () 1would rather 之后的賓語從句中用虛擬語氣，表示寧愿讓別人做某事。 (1)用動(dòng)詞過去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪龅氖隆?Id rather you went home now. 我寧愿讓你現(xiàn)在就回家。 Dont come tomorrow.Id rather you came next weekend. 明天別來，我寧愿你下個(gè)周末來。,(2)用動(dòng)詞的過去完成式表示過去的動(dòng)作。 Id rather you hadnt done that. 我真希望你沒做過那件事。 2在動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語從句中使用虛擬語氣，表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。賓語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞

15、有以下三種形式：,3.(1)當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為表示“建議”、“命令”、“請(qǐng)求”和“要求”的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，如suggest(建議)，propose(提議)，recommend(建議)，move(提議)，advise(建議)，insist(堅(jiān)持要求)，ask(要求)，require，request(要求)，demand，desire，order，command(命令)，decide，intend(打算)，prefer(寧愿)，urge(催促)時(shí)，其后的賓語從句中要用虛擬語氣，謂語動(dòng)詞為“should動(dòng)詞原形”(should可省略)。,I suggest that we (should) hold a m

16、eeting tonight. 我建議我們今晚開個(gè)會(huì)。 They insisted that he (should) begin the work at once. 他們堅(jiān)持讓他立刻開始工作。 He ordered that all people (should)take part in the work. 他下令所有的人都要參加這項(xiàng)工作。 He asked that he (should) be given an opportunity to try. 他要求給他一個(gè)嘗試的機(jī)會(huì)。 I move that the money (should) be used for books. 我提議把這筆

17、錢用于買書。,They urged that we (should) take action on this matter immediately. 他們極力主張我們對(duì)這件事立即采取行動(dòng)。 注意：當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示，表明”，insist表示“堅(jiān)持說，堅(jiān)持聲稱”時(shí)，其后的賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。 (2)在句型“It is/was過去分詞that從句”中，當(dāng)過去分詞為“suggested，ordered，desired，,insisted，required，demanded，requested，decided，proposed，urged”等時(shí)，從句中要用“should動(dòng)詞原形”(shoul

18、d可省略)。 It is desired that everyone(should) get everything ready by tonight. 要求每一個(gè)人在今晚之前要將一切準(zhǔn)備好。 It is requested that Miss Zhang (should) give a performance at the party. 請(qǐng)求張小姐在晚會(huì)上表演一個(gè)節(jié)目。,(3)在表示主張、要求、命令等概念的名詞，如advice，order，request，requirement，suggestion，command，necessity，importance，idea，plan，motion(提

19、議)，proposal(建議)，recommendation(建議)，understanding(協(xié)議)等后面的同位語從句或表語從句中，用“should動(dòng)詞原形”(should可省略)。 I made a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.,我提出了我們下星期開會(huì)的建議。(同位語從句) His suggestion that the meeting(should)be held in this room has been accepted. 他的關(guān)于在這個(gè)房間召開會(huì)議的建議被采納了。(同位語從句) My idea is that

20、we(should)get more people to attend the conference. 我的想法是我們多找些人來參加會(huì)議。(表語從句),4(1)在句型“It is/was形容詞that從句”中，當(dāng)形容詞為“important，necessary，strange，natural，essential，urgent(緊要的)，proper(適當(dāng)?shù)?，appropriate(合適的)”等時(shí)，從句中要用“should動(dòng)詞原形”(should可省略)。 It is important and necessary that we should master a foreign languag

21、e. 掌握一門外語對(duì)我們來說是重要的和必要的。 It is strange that he(should)refuse your help. 他竟然拒絕你們的幫助，真奇怪。,(2)在句型“It is/was名詞that從句”中，當(dāng)名詞為“a pity，a shame，no wonder”等時(shí)，從句中謂語動(dòng)詞表示過去的動(dòng)作，要用“should動(dòng)詞原形”，should表示出人意料，常譯成“竟然”。 It is a great pity that he should be so selfish. 真遺憾，他竟然那么自私。,(3)在句型“It is(high)time(that)從句”中，從句中需用虛

22、擬語氣，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式或should動(dòng)詞原形(should不可省)，表示“現(xiàn)在該做某事了”。 It is(high)time(that)we went home.我們?cè)摶丶伊恕?還可表示為：It is time for sb.to do sth.。 到了某人該做某事的時(shí)候了。,5由as if和as though等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句表示方式時(shí)，意思是“好像”，這時(shí)從句中常用虛擬語氣。其從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)(be用were的形式)表示所說的與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反；用過去完成時(shí)表示所說的與過去的事實(shí)相反。 The teacher treats the pupil as if he were her ow

23、n child. 那位老師對(duì)待那個(gè)學(xué)生就像對(duì)待自己的孩子。,注意：如果說話人講的事與事實(shí)相符。as if從句中用陳述語氣。 It looks as if its going to rain.看起來要下雨了。 6if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，表示“如果就好了”，可使用虛擬語氣，也可用于陳述語氣。 If only I had taken her advice last week. I wish I had taken her advice last week. 如果上星期我聽從她的建議就好了。 If only he comes early.但愿他早點(diǎn)來。,注意：only if引導(dǎo)條件句，表示“只有”

24、；only起到強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。,.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1Our teacher has loved us as if we _(be)her children. 答案：were 2He suggested that a meeting _(hold)to discuss the issue. 答案：(should)be held 3If only I _(meet)that film star yesterday.,答案：had met 4My idea is that we _(think)it over before accepting it. 答案：should think 5Your p

25、ale face suggests that you _(be)ill. 答案：are 6I would rather they _(not hear)of the news. 答案：hadnt heard,7She speaks English so fluently as if she _(study)English in America. 答案：had studied 8It is necessary that he _(send)there immediately. 答案：(should)be sent 9I wish I _(know)what is happening there

26、in his room. 答案：knew 10The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _(raise)by 15 percent. 答案：(should) be raised,.單項(xiàng)填空 1(2010年高考江蘇卷)George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but Id rather he _ more on its culture. Afocus Bfocused Cwould focus Dhad focused 解析：選B would rather后接從

27、句時(shí)后應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用動(dòng)詞的過去式。,2The doctor recommended that you_ swim after eating a large meal. Awouldnt Bcouldnt Cneednt Dshouldnt 解析：選D 考查虛擬語氣。recommend，suggest，demand等后面的賓語從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣，從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用shoulddo，should可以省略。故這里選D項(xiàng)。,3My uncle suggests I _ abroad. I would rather you _ at home. Ago；stay Bwent；stayed Cgo；st