1、學(xué)習(xí)重點1 Homework Review 2 Measuring performance3 Description of charts4 數(shù)字系列講座（二）5 Oral Practice - What is important when6 商務(wù)文章閱讀賞析7 完型填空8 HomeworkI. Homework Review5 Facilities and amenities7 ing 還是-ed。(1) excited (2) confusing(3) interested (4) disappointed (5) shocked (6) fascinatingII. Measuring p

2、erformanceListening.sales volume 銷售額volume nounSOUNDuncountablethe amount of sound produced by a television, radio etcturn the volume up/down 請把音量挑高/低AMOUNT OF SOMETHINGcountable usually singular, uncountable the total amount of something, especially when it is large or increasing 量volume ofThe volu

3、me of traffic on the roads has increased dramatically in recent years. 近些年，路面的交通量激增了好幾倍。the volume of trade 貿(mào)易量SPACE FILLEDcountable usually singular a measurement of the amount of space that a substance or object fills, or the amount of space in a container 容積volume ofan instrument for measuring th

4、e volume of a gas 測量氣體容積的工具The volume of the container measures 10,000 cubic metres. 這個容器的容積是1萬立方米。BOOKcountablea) a book that is part of a set, or one into which a very long book is divided 卷The period from 1940-45 is in volume 9. 1945-49年的內(nèi)容在第九卷中。dividend noun countable1 a part of a companys profi

5、t that is divided among the people with shares in the company股份紅利；股息2 pay/bring dividendso be very useful and bring a lot of advantages, especially later in the future 有好處ood eating habitswill pay dividends later on in life. 良好的飲食習(xí)慣會讓你在日后的生活中受益良多。聽力原文詞匯specialize verb intransitiveto limit all or mos

6、t of yur study, business etc to a particular subject or activity 專長于specialize inSimmons specialized in contract law. 希蒙的專長是合同法。breakeven noun uncountable the level of business activity at which a company is making neither a profit nor a loss不賺不賠；收支平衡(the) breakeven point/level The firm should reach

7、 breakeven point after one year. 該公司在一年后收支平衡。break evento neither make a profit nor lose money賺不賠；收支平衡Were hoping that well at least break even, and perhaps make a small profit. 我們預(yù)計我們的生意至少收支平衡，或者略微獲利。volatile adjective1 a volatile situation is likely to change suddenly and without warning 多變的an inc

8、reasingly volatile political situation 變得越來越復(fù)雜多變的政治局面the highly volatile stock and bond markets 變化多的股票和債券市場2 someone who is volatile can suddenly become angry or violent 易怒的3 technical a volatile liquid or substance changes easily into a gas 易揮發(fā)的volatility noun uncountablerumour noun uncountable and

9、 countable information or a story that is passed from one person to another and which may or may not be true 謠言，謠傳rumour about/ofIve heard all sorts of rumours about him and his secretary. 我聽到有關(guān)他和他秘書之間的各種傳聞。Rumour has it that Jeans getting married again. 有謠言傳出說簡即將再婚。Where did the rumour start? 謠言是從哪

10、里傳出來的？peak noun countableTIMEusually singular the time when something or someone is best, greatest, highest, most successful etc 巔峰at somethings peakThe British Empire was at its peak in the mid 19th century. 大英帝國在19世紀(jì)中葉達(dá)到巔峰。Sales this month have reached a new peak. 這個月的銷售額再創(chuàng)新高。Most athletes reach t

11、heir peak in their mid 20s. 多數(shù)運動員在25、6歲時達(dá)到他們的巔峰狀態(tài)。Hes past his peak as a tennis player. 作為一名網(wǎng)球運動員，他已經(jīng)過了他的黃金期。Oil production is down from its peak of two years ago.石油的生產(chǎn)從兩年前的頂峰時期下降了。at the peak of somethingHotel rooms are difficult to find at the peak of the holiday season. 人們很難在度假高峰時期找到飯店房間入住。the pe

12、aks and troughs of the US economy (=high and low points) 美國經(jīng)濟的高峰和低谷MOUNTAINa) the sharply pointed top of a mountain 封尖snow-capped mountain peaks 白雪覆蓋的雪山頂peak verb intransitive to reach the highest point or level 達(dá)到頂峰Sales peaked in August, then fell sharply. 銷售額在八月份達(dá)到頂峰，之后急劇下降。peak atWind speeds pea

13、ked at 105 mph yesterday. 風(fēng)速昨天最高的時候達(dá)到了每小時105公里。collapse verbSTRUCTUREintransitive if a building, wall etc collapses, it falls down suddenly, usually because it is weak or damaged 坍塌Uncle Teds chair collapsed under his weight. 泰德叔叔的椅子經(jīng)不住他的分量踏了。The roof had collapsed long ago. 這個屋頂很久以前就踏了。ILLNESS/INJU

14、RYintransitive to suddenly fall down or become unconscious because you are ill or weak 失去知覺，突然跌落下來 He collapsed with a heart attack while he was dancing. 他在跳舞時由于心臟病突發(fā)而失去了知覺。FAILintransitive if a system, idea, or organization collapses, it suddenly fails or becomes too weak to continue （系統(tǒng)、想法、機構(gòu)）失靈、失

15、敗The luxury car market has collapsed. 豪華汽車市場無人問津。I thought that without me the whole project would collapse. 我認(rèn)為沒有我的話，整個項目將會失敗。PRICESintransitive if prices, levels, etc collapse, they suddenly become much lower （價格、程度等）急劇下跌There were fears that property prices would collapse. 人們很擔(dān)憂房地產(chǎn)的價格將會下降。collaps

16、e nounBUSINESS/SYSTEM/IDEA ETCsingular, uncountable a sudden failure in the way something works, so that it cannot continue 倒臺，突然失敗collapse ofthe collapse of the Soviet Union 前蘇聯(lián)的垮臺His business was in danger of collapse. 他的生意有破產(chǎn)的危險。BUILDING/STRUCTURE/FURNITURE ETCuncountable when something suddenly

17、falls down 倒塌the collapse of an apartment building during the earthquake 在地震中一棟公寓樓倒塌ILLNESS/INJURYsingular, uncountable when someone suddenly falls down or becomes unconscious because of an illness or injury （由于疾病或受傷）跌落，失去意識The president said he was fine after his collapse yesterday. 總統(tǒng)說盡管他昨天摔倒，但今天感

18、覺還好。MONEY/PRICES ETCsingular a sudden decrease in the value of something 突然下跌the collapse of the stock market 股市價格的下跌collapse ina collapse in the value of pensions 養(yǎng)老金的下降recover 1 intransitive to get better after an illness, accident, shock etc 身體康復(fù)After a few days of fever, she began to recover.rec

19、over fromHes in hospital, recovering from a heart attack.2 intransitive to return to a normal condition after a period of trouble or difficulty 恢復(fù)正常狀態(tài)The tourist industry is recovering to pre-war levels. 旅游業(yè)恢復(fù)到了戰(zhàn)前的水平。recover fromYesterday morning shares seemed to recover from Mondays collapse. 昨天早晨，

20、股票價格看上去從周一的下降之后又恢復(fù)過來了。decline noun singular, uncountablea decrease in the quality, quantity, or importance of something 下降decline inThere has been a decline in the size of families. 家庭人員的數(shù)量在下降。decline ofthe decline of manufacturing 制造業(yè)的衰敗rapid/sharp/steep/dramatic decline 迅速/急劇/巨幅/戲劇性的下降a rapid decl

21、ine in unemployment 事業(yè)數(shù)量的下降steady/gradual/long-term decline 平穩(wěn)的/逐漸的/長期下降The islands population initially numbered 180, but there was a gradual decline until only 40 people were left. 該島最初只有180人，但是人數(shù)不斷下降之后，只有40人還在島上。the social and economic decline faced by many cities 許多城市都面臨著社會和經(jīng)濟下滑in declineTheres

22、a widely held belief that educational standards are in decline (=falling). 人們都認(rèn)為教育質(zhì)量在下降。decline verbDECREASEintransitive to decrease in quantity or importance 下降Spending on information technology has declined. 在信息技術(shù)方面的支出在下降。Car sales have declined by a quarter. 汽車的銷售下降了25%。After the war, the city de

23、clined in importance. 戰(zhàn)后，該城市的重要性下降了。SAY NOintransitive and transitive formal to say no politely when someone invites you somewhere, offers you something, or wants you to do something 拒絕Offered the position of chairman, Smith declined, preferring to keep his current job. 史密斯獲得了董事長職位的提名，但是他拒絕了，還是想在原崗位

24、工作。Mary declined a hot drink and went to her room. 馬麗不想喝熱飲，直接進了自己的房間。decline an offer/invitation etc Mary declined Jays invitation to dinner. 瑪麗拒絕了共赴晚餐的邀請。decline to do somethingThe court declined to review her case. 法庭拒絕再次審理她的案件。The minister declined to comment (=refused to speak to people who repo

25、rt the news) about the progress of the peace talks. 部長拒絕對和平進程事宜發(fā)表任何評論。BECOME WORSE intransitive to become gradually worse in quality 質(zhì)量下降 同義詞 deteriorateHer health has been declining progressively for several months.她的健康狀況在這幾個月里逐步下降。Qualified staff are leaving and standards are declining. 有水平的員工逐漸離開

26、，工作的質(zhì)量在下降。declining adjective declining attendance at baseball games 棒球觀眾人數(shù)下降marginally adverb not enough to make an important difference 微微地同義詞 slightlyGinas grades have improved marginally since last term. 從上學(xué)期以來，吉娜的成績沒有取得多少進步。The new system is only marginally more efficient than the old one. 這套新系

27、統(tǒng)只比老的那套提高一點點效率。67 and a half Language Summary.rose sharply by 9.8%just over 6.3mbe upafter steady progressshot uppeak at collapsefallrecovered slowly towent into steady declineimproved againTheyre up slightly by 1.3. III. Description of charts（一）描述趨勢的句型有以下兩種：1. It increased sharply from January to A

28、pril.主語 + 表示趨勢的動詞 + 副詞 + 時間狀語。 2. It showed a small increase from January to April.There was a slight increase from January to April in the sales of computers.(形式)主語 + 動詞 + 形容詞 + 表示趨勢的名詞 + 時間狀語+in+真是主語。 （二）描述趨勢的動詞和名詞（一）表示上升表示上升的動詞Verbs to show increase to go up to rise to increase to climb to grow t

29、o jump to exceed v. 超過 to improve v.改善 to recover v. 恢復(fù) to peak v. 到達(dá)頂峰 to reach a peak 到達(dá)頂峰 shoot up迅速生長，迅速成長 現(xiàn)在，大家來設(shè)想一下，如果一個趨勢它已經(jīng)被描述出來了，那么這種趨勢就應(yīng)該是已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的。在動詞的過去式中，有一些是按規(guī)則變化，那么大家就不難辨別出來；而還有些動詞是不規(guī)則變化。因此，下面我們就表示上升動詞的過去式以及過去分詞形式都一并進行總結(jié)。 go -went; gone rise-rose; risen increase -increased; increased cli

30、mb -climbed; climbed grow - grew; grown jump - jumped; jumped exceed -exceeded; exceeded shoot -shot; shot improve - improved; improved recover - recovered; recovered peak-peaked; peaked reach-reached; reached表示上升的名詞Nouns to show increase a rise an increase growth an improvement a recovery reach a p

31、eak(二) 表示下降表示下降的動詞Verbs to show decrease to go down to fall to decrease to drop to decline to dip to reach a trough (降到谷地) to reduce (v. 減少) to collapse 同樣，我們下面就這些動詞的過去式和過去分詞進行一下總結(jié)。 to go -went; gone to fall-fell; fallen to decrease-decreased; decreased to drop-dropped; dropped to decline-declined;

32、declined to dip-dipped; dipped to reduce - reduced; reduced to collapse - collapsed; collapsed表示下降的名詞Nouns to show decrease a fall a decrease a decline a drop a reduction: e.g. to see further reductions a collapse （三）表示不變的動詞或動詞短語 remain the same remain constant (adj. 不變的) remain stable （adj. 不變的） re

33、main steady （adj. 平穩(wěn)的） remain unchanged show little change level off 穩(wěn)定下來 （過去式： levelled off）（三）表示上升與下降的形容詞與副詞同樣都是上升，上升的幅度可能不同；同樣都是下降，但是下降與下降之間也是不同的。所以這里我們就需要用表示幅度或頻度的詞匯來修飾。比如：產(chǎn)品A在2002年10-12月中的銷售增長很快，也可以說成是增長幅度很急劇?？焓穷l度概念；而急劇則是從幅度上談變化。不論是用頻度詞匯還是用幅度詞匯來描述，它們都要滿足我們上面所列的那兩個句型。1. It increased sharply from

34、 January to April.主語 + 表示趨勢的動詞 + 副詞 + 時間狀語。 2. It showed a small increase from January to April.There was a slight increase from January to April.(形式)主語 + 動詞 + 形容詞 + 表示趨勢的名詞 + 時間狀語。 在上升或下降的動詞的后面要有表示頻度或幅度的副詞修飾；在上升或下降的名詞的前面則要有表示頻度或幅度的形容詞來修飾。因此，下面我們就總結(jié)一下都有哪些形容詞或其相應(yīng)的副詞來修飾表示上升或下降的詞匯。形容詞副詞steady 穩(wěn)定的The sa

35、les of computers showed a steady increase in the past quarter.steadily 穩(wěn)定地The sales of computers increased steadily in the past quarter.gradual 漸漸的gradually 漸漸地slight 微微的The production of timber showed a slight fall in the past quarter.slightly 微微地The production of timber fell slightly.slow 慢慢的 (頻度詞

36、匯) It showed a slow growth.slowly 慢慢地 (頻度詞匯) It grew slowly.considerable 相當(dāng)?shù)腸onsiderably 相當(dāng)?shù)豱oticeable 明顯的noticeably 明顯地sharp 急劇的sharply 急劇地significant 巨大的significantly 巨大地dramatic 戲劇性的，巨大的dramatically 戲劇性地；巨大地substantial 巨大的substantially 巨大地enormous 巨大的enormously 巨大地rapid 快的 (頻度詞匯)rapidly 快地 （頻度詞匯）

37、（四）表示趨勢幅度的另一種方法在上面的講解中，我們學(xué)會了上升、下降以及不變的表達(dá)方法，也學(xué)會了用幅度和頻度副詞或形容詞來描述變化的情況。但是這些描述都還是太抽象了，所以在一些情況下，我們還會引入數(shù)據(jù)的表達(dá)方式，這樣就更為準(zhǔn)確了。l 當(dāng)我們要描述從上升（下降）到，我們可以使用介詞fromto。比如：The sales of computers improved from 25 units to 30 units.The enrollment dipped from 39 students in November to 20 students in December.l 當(dāng)我們要描述變化的幅度時，

38、我們用介詞by或of。比如：The sales of computers rose from 25 units to 30 units. The sales rose by 5 units.電腦的銷售從25臺增長到30臺，增長了5臺。(表示趨勢的動詞 + by)The sales of computers rose from 25 units to 30 units. They showed an increase of 5 units.電腦的銷售從25臺增長到30臺，增長了5臺。（表示趨勢的名詞 + of）l 當(dāng)我們要描述一組數(shù)據(jù)的起點、最高點以及終點時，應(yīng)該使用介詞at。It starte

39、d at 2.It peaked at 10.It finished at 2.（五）大約和大概 When you describe a line graph or a bar chart, you cannot really find the exact figures. So you should use the following words to demonstrate your accuracy on description. just underwell underjust overwell over roughly approximately around about nearl

40、yalmost（六） 描述趨勢 In some real situations or in the real test, the graph may have a lot of changes within a period of time. So in this case, you should grasp the main trends. Study the graphs and the language below. There was an upward trend. There was a generally upward trend.There were fluctuations.

41、 / It fluctuated.There was a downward trend. There was a generally downward trend.(七) 時間表達(dá)法Between 1980and1990In 1980Since 1980(八) 對比In 198039% of rural dwellers had drinking waterscompared with 50% in 1990.whereas in 1990 50% had it.More Fewer urban ruraldwellers have a water supply thanrural urban

42、dwellers.(九) 時態(tài)In most cases, the graph is drawn according the past figures. However, some graphs collected data according the speculation. So then you should use the simple future tense. Alternatively, the graph may relate to the present figures. Therefore, you should use the present perfect tense

43、to illustrate the graph.Checklistl Describing trendsl Describing increase and decreasel Incorporating datal Using approximationsl Writing appropriate and varied sentence patternsl Writing about varied time periods.鞏固練習(xí)Vocabulary ex 5.1. to rise/ a rise2. to fall/ a fall3. to collapse/ a collapse4. t

44、o peak / a peak5. to recover / a recovery ; to improve/ an improvement 6. to shoot upSelf-study 6a I.1. rose2. collapsed3. shooting up4. peaked5. fall6. recoveryIII. 1. at2. from, to3. in4. by , ofV.1. suddenly2. substantial3. steady4. hard5. marginally6. dramaticallySharePriceinUSDollars圖表寫作實踐練習(xí)SCO

45、RPIO GROUP: Share price from issue tobuy-back198619871988圖表閱讀分析參考答案The issue price of shares inScorpio was US$6 inlate1986. The price then rose, but fell dramatically at the end of 1987. Pricesrecovered slightly in 1988, but were still below the issue price. They fellagain and recovered to reach the

46、 issue price in late 1988 when the company wasbought back.IV.數(shù)字系列講座（二）Expressing thetimeThe twelve-hour clock 十二小時制的表達(dá)方法:lA simple way totell the time is to say the numbers.一種簡單的表述時間的方法就是直接說出相應(yīng)的數(shù)字來。比如：10.20我們可以說成是：tentwenty11.15 我們可以說成是：elevenfifteen4.45 我們可以說成是：fourforty-fivelYou can say thehours i

47、n two ways:在整點時你可以用這樣兩種方法來表達(dá)：ninenineoclockBut dont makethis common mistake:*nine-thirtyoclockTHIS IS WRONG.但是一定不要犯這種常見的錯誤，即在非整點時間的后面加上oclock，這是非常錯誤的。lIf you need to beexact you can say: 如果你在表達(dá)時間時想要更加準(zhǔn)確的話，你可以在時間的后面加上a.m.或p.m.，以此來表示是0點-12點，還是12點-24點。比如：上午十點：ten a.m.或者ten in themorning晚上十點：ten p.m.或者t

48、en atnight.At noon在正午12點At midnight在子夜24點lYou can also tellthe time this way:你也可以使用to和past來表達(dá)時間。例：one oclock ten past three a quarter past four half past five twenty -five to six a quarter tosevenThe twenty-four hour clock二十四小時制：這種說法一般用在列車或飛機飛行時刻表中。比如：10.30 ten thirty 13.15 thirteen fifteen 1200 twe

49、lve hundredhours0800 oh eight hundredhours0201 two oh onelDaysMonday星期一Tuesday 星期二Wednesday 星期三Thursday 星期四Friday 星期五Saturday 星期六Sunday星期日lMonths:January 一月February 二月March 三月April 四月May 五月June 六月July 七月August 八月September 九月October 十月November 十一月December 十二月lSeasonsspring 春季 summer夏季autumn 秋季( US En

50、glish美國英語: fall) winter 冬季lYears在表達(dá)年份時，如果是2000年以前，我們應(yīng)該將年份中的四個數(shù)字兩個兩個地來表達(dá)。1995nineteenninety-five1856eighteen fifty-six1066 ten sixty-six1800 eighteenhundred1900 nineteenhundred 2000年以后（含2000年）則應(yīng)先說兩千，即2000two thousand(twenty hundred)2001two thousand andone (twenty oh one)2008 two thousand and eight (t

51、wenty oheight)年代的前面用介詞in連接in 2008 = in the year 2008 (在2008年)其他時間短語的搭配:in the 1990s在20世紀(jì)90年代in the 21stcentury在21世紀(jì)in the early/late 1990s在90年代初期/在90年代末期decade注意發(fā)音at the turn of the centuryV. Oral practice - What isimportant when.-One-minutetalkWHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN?Choosing a business courselconte

52、ntlreputation of business schooll l 思路拓展experience oftrainerscostlocationqualifications (diploma,certificate)話語連接When choosing a businesscourse, there are the following factors that should be taken into consideration.First, the content is important.Second, we need to find outa reliable business school. By this, I meanFinally, location of thebusiness school is another factor.Thats what I believe on thetopic of choosing a business