1、Stata學(xué)習(xí)討論會第7期：畫圖命令的應(yīng)用產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟學(xué) 肖寒主要內(nèi)容1.2.3.4.5.散點圖直方圖條形圖餅圖如何美化圖表畫圖的意義描述性統(tǒng)計是研究的基礎(chǔ)部分，在進行計量分析前需要知道數(shù)據(jù)“長什么樣”作圖是描述數(shù)據(jù)、直觀表達數(shù)據(jù)規(guī)律的有效工具作圖有助于尋找研究問題作圖為論文的研究內(nèi)容服務(wù)基本描述性統(tǒng)計基本描述性統(tǒng)計散點圖作用：兩個變量之間的規(guī)律基本命令：twoway scatter varlist if in weight , options選項：marker_options marker_label_options connect_options composite_style_option

2、jitter_options axis_choice_options twoway_optionsaspect ratio, etc.change look of markers (color, size, etc.) add marker labels; change look or positionchange look of lines or connecting method overall style of the plotjitter marker positions using random noise associate plot with alternate axistitl

3、es, legends, axes, added lines and text, by, regions, name,marker_optionsDescriptionmsymbol(symbolstylelist) mcolor(colorstylelist)outmsize(markersizestylelist) msangle(anglestyle) mfcolor(colorstylelist) mlcolor(colorstylelist) mlwidth(linewidthstylelist)mlalign(linealignmentstyle)shape of markerco

4、lor and opacity of marker, inside andsize of markerangle of marker symbolinside or fill color and opacity color and opacity of outlinethickness of outlineoutline alignment (inside, outside,center)overall style of outlinemlstyle(linestylelist)mstyle(markerstylelist)overall style of markermarker_label

5、_optionsDescriptionmlabel(varlist)specify marker variablesmlabposition(clockposlist) mlabvposition(varname) mlabgap(relativesizelist) mlabangle(anglestylelist) mlabsize(textsizestylelist) mlabcolor(colorstylelist)mlabtextstyle(textstylelist)where to locate label where to locate label 2gap between ma

6、rker and label angle of labelsize of labelcolor and opacity of label overall style of textmlabstyle(markerlabelstylelist) overall style of labelconnect_optionsDescriptionconnect(connectstylelist)how to connect pointssort(varlist)cmissing(y|n .)how to order data before connectingmissing values are ig

7、noredlpattern(linepatternstylelist)line pattern (solid, dashed, etc.)lwidth(linewidthstylelist)lcolor(colorstylelist) lalign(linealignmentstyle)thickness of line color and opacity of lineline alignment (inside, outside, center)lstyle(linestylelist)overall style of line直方圖作用：檢驗數(shù)據(jù)的分布、檢驗異常值基本命令：histogr

8、am varname if in weight , continuous_opts | discrete_opts options Options:bin(#) width(#) density fraction frequency percent normalkdensityset number of bins to # set width of bins to #draw as density; the default draw as fractionsdraw as frequencies draw as percentagesadd a normal density to the gr

9、aphadd a kernel density estimate to the graph條形圖作用：分組展示數(shù)據(jù)基本命令：graph bar yvars if in weight , options graph hbar yvars if in weight , options餅圖作用：分組展示比例基本命令：graph pie varname if in weight, over(varname)選項：pie(numlist|_allplabel(#|_all sum|percent|name|text美化圖表美化圖表選顏色：help colorsytle調(diào)整green%50：mcolor(

10、%30) 調(diào)整亮度： green*.8bcolor(*.7)美化圖表散點圖：graph tw (scatter y x)(lfit y x ) if “xxx)直方圖：,graphregion(color(white) legend(label(1graph twoway (hist x1if, color(eltblue*0.5)/( hist x2if, lcolor(black) fcolor(none) ) /(kdensity x1 if(kdensity x2 if, lpattern(solid) lcolor(red) lwidth(medthick) /, lpattern(

11、dash)lcolor(red) lwidth(medthick), /legend(label(1 “xxx) label(2 “xxx) /label(3 “xxx) label(4 “xxx) graphregion(color(white)美化圖表條形圖：twoway (barmonth_avg year if year2018, yaxis(2) barwidth(.3)lcolor(gs12) fcolor(gs12) xtitle() ytitle(“/) yscale(range(2 9) axis(2)(barmonth_avg_emp year if year2018, b

12、arwidth(.3) fcolor(none) lcolor(red) yaxis(2) xtitle() ytitle() ) /(connect employment_rate year if year2018, yaxis(1) lpattern(dash) xtitle() ytitle() yscale(range(.4 .5) axis(1),/legend(label(1 ) label(2 )label(3 ) /rows(3) ring(0) pos(11) region(lcolor(white) graphregion(fcolor(white)美化圖表餅圖：graph

13、 pie x if year = 2017, over(category) pie(1, explode color(red*.8) plabel(1 ) /pie(2, explode color(red*.4) plabel(2 xxx) /pie(5, explode color(blue*.4) plabel(5 pie(3, explode color(red*.2) plabel(3 pie(6, explode color(blue*.2) plabel(6 pie(4, explode color(blue*.8) plabel(4 xxxxxx ) / )/xxx ) /xxx) legend(off)美化圖表：中文期刊風(fēng)格ssc install scheme_tufte, replace findit scheme使用方法：sysuse auto.dta, clearset scheme s2colort