1、新目標(biāo)七年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)Unit4 Dont eat in class!一、詞組、短語(yǔ)1. 祈使句是指動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭，表達(dá)命令或祈求的句子。其否定句是在句首加dont構(gòu)成。2. arrive 到達(dá)，抵達(dá)arrive at + 小地點(diǎn) arrive at school 到達(dá)學(xué)校arrive in + 大地點(diǎn) arrive in Beijing 到達(dá)北京get to + 地點(diǎn) get to Beijing 到達(dá)北京 get home 到家 get there 到那兒 reach + 地點(diǎn) reach Beijing 到達(dá)北京 reach home 到家 get、arrive后接副詞是，介詞省略

2、。3. be late for + 名詞 遲到 He was late for school. 他上學(xué)遲到了。4. outside (外面)- inside(里面)5. dining hall 餐廳，飯廳6. in /at school 在上學(xué)，在求學(xué) in the school 在學(xué)校里7. have to do sth不得不做某事8. on school nights 上課期間的晚上9. too many + 可數(shù)名詞 “太多” too many books 太多的書 too much + 不可數(shù)名詞“太多” too much homework 太多的家庭作業(yè)10. No smoking!

3、 = Dont smoke! 請(qǐng)勿吸煙！ No food! = Dont eat food! 禁止吃東西！ No + 名詞（短語(yǔ)）或動(dòng)詞-ing形式，表示“不許，不可，不能”11. later 后來(lái)，以后12. by “在.以前，到為止” I should finished homework by tomorrow.在明天之前我應(yīng)該把作業(yè)做完。13. be in bed “睡覺(jué)，臥床”in bed “臥病在床” in the bed “在床上”go to bed “上床睡覺(jué)”強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作二、重點(diǎn)句型1.Dont arrive late for schoolDont be late for scho

4、ol 2.Dont fight 3.Dont listen to music in the classroom.4.Dont run in the hallways5.Dont smoke .Its bad for your health.6.Dont play cards in school7.Dont talk in class8.Dont watch TV on school nights.9.Dont sleep in class.10.Dont play sports in the classrooms.11.Dont sing songs at night.12.Dont talk

5、 when you eat.13.Dont wear hats in class.14.Do homework by 10:00.15.Clean your house!16.Make the bed.17.Can we ? Yes ,we can . No, we cant.Eg: Can we arrive late for class ?No, we cant. We cant arrive late for class.18.Do you have to wash your clothes? Yes, I do./No, I dont.三、重點(diǎn)句子1. Dont arrive late

6、 for class.2. Dont run in the hallways.3. Dont eat in the classrooms.4. Dont listen to music in the classrooms or the hallways.5. Dont fight.6. What are the rules?7. Can we listen to music?8. Do you have to wear a uniform at school?9. What else do you have to do ?10. Dont go out on school night.11.

7、Practice your guitar every day .12. I have too many rules in my family.13. I cant meet my friends after school because I have to do my homeworkl14. I have to be in bed by ten Oclock.15. I have to help my Mom make dinner.16. Later , I have to go to the Childrens Palace to learn the piano.17. I never

8、have any fun, what can I do?四、重難點(diǎn)精析 祈使句 通常用來(lái)表示命令、請(qǐng)求、禁止、建議、警告等語(yǔ)氣。它的主語(yǔ)you(聽(tīng)話人)通常省略。其構(gòu)成通常有以下幾種形式。 1)Be型（即系動(dòng)詞原型be+表語(yǔ)其他）。 如：Be quiet,please. 否定句Dont + be+表語(yǔ)+其他。 如：Dont be angry. 2)Do型（即系動(dòng)詞原形賓語(yǔ)其他）。如： Open you books,please. 否定句Dont +實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形+賓語(yǔ)+其他。 如：Dont eat in the classroom. 3)Let型（即Let+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他）如： Let m

9、e help you. Lets go at six oclock. 否定句一般在賓語(yǔ)后加not。如： Let not watch TV. 4)No+V-ing型（此種形式通常用于公共場(chǎng)合的提示語(yǔ)中，意為“禁止做某事“）如： No smoking! 嚴(yán)禁吸煙！ No talking! 不許交談！ No passing! 禁止通行！ No parking! 不許停車重難點(diǎn)解析：1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have to 的用法，意思是必須、不得不，它側(cè)重于客觀上的必要和外界的權(quán)威。（1）結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)have to動(dòng)詞原形其他（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，用has to；句子是過(guò)去時(shí)，用had to.）如：

10、We have to wear sneakers for gym class. 在體育課上，我們必須穿運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋。Tom has to practice the guitar every day. 湯姆每天必須練習(xí)彈吉它。I had to get up at 5:00 am last Monday. 上周一，我不得不早上5點(diǎn)起床。（2）否定形式：主語(yǔ)dont have to動(dòng)詞原形其他（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，用doesnt have to. 句子是過(guò)去時(shí)，用didnt have to）如：Nick doesnt have to wear a uniform. 尼克不必穿制服。We di

11、dnt have to do our homework at once. 我們不必馬上完成作業(yè)。（3）疑問(wèn)句：Do （Does或Did）主語(yǔ)have to 動(dòng)詞原形其他如：Do you have to stay at home on weekends? 周末你必須呆在家里嗎？Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 是的，我必須.不，我不必。Did he have to go to bed by 11:00 last night? 昨晚，他不得不11點(diǎn)前上床睡覺(jué)嗎？ 2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can的用法（1）表示能力，會(huì)能（在第一冊(cè)中已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)這種用法）Can you play the guita

12、r? 你會(huì)彈吉它嗎？Judy can speak a little Chinese. 朱蒂會(huì)說(shuō)一點(diǎn)中文。I can dance and sing. 我能唱歌又能跳舞。（2）表示允許、許可，可以、能（在這一課中新學(xué)的詞義）Can the students run in the hallways? 學(xué)生們可以在走廊上跑嗎？We can eat outside. 我們可以在外面吃東西。Can I come in? 我能進(jìn)來(lái)嗎？注意：同樣是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，can 和have to 的用法是有區(qū)別的，和大部分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一樣，can在否定句中，直接在can后加上not，在疑問(wèn)句中，把can放到主語(yǔ)前面，并且沒(méi)有人

13、稱和數(shù)的變化。3. hear，listen和sound都有聽(tīng)的意思，但三者是有區(qū)別的。（1）hear聽(tīng)說(shuō)，側(cè)重于聽(tīng)的內(nèi)容Im sorry to hear that you are ill. 聽(tīng)說(shuō)你生病了，我很難過(guò)。I never heard such an interesting story. 我從來(lái)沒(méi)聽(tīng)過(guò)這么有趣的一個(gè)故事。（2）listen聽(tīng)側(cè)重于聽(tīng)這一動(dòng)作。Listen to me carefully. 認(rèn)真聽(tīng)我說(shuō)。The children like to listen to music. 孩子們喜歡聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。（3）sound聽(tīng)起來(lái)，它是系動(dòng)詞，后面接形容詞等。That sounds gr

14、eat. 那聽(tīng)起來(lái)真不錯(cuò)。It sounds like fun. 聽(tīng)起來(lái)挺有趣。4. be in bed 在床上、臥床in 和bed之間不能用冠詞，bed也不用復(fù)數(shù)。He is in bed for 10 years. 他臥床10年了。Dave has to be in bed early every night.大衛(wèi)每晚必須很早睡覺(jué)。5.arrive late for 與be late for 意思相近遲到Dont arrive （be）late for school. 上學(xué)別遲到。I arrived （was）late for the meeting yesterday. 我昨天開(kāi)會(huì)遲到了。6.No talking ! 禁止交談！no后面加上名詞或動(dòng)名詞（doing）也表示不要做某事。與dont +do的用法相似。No wet umbrellas! / Dont put wet umbrellas here! 禁止放濕雨傘！No food! Dont eat food here! 禁止吃食物！No smoking! Dont smoke here! 禁止吸煙！7語(yǔ)法（祈使句）祈使句是用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求、命令、叮囑、號(hào)召或者勸告等的句子，這類句子的主語(yǔ)常是第二人稱you，也就是聽(tīng)話者，因而you常省去了。祈使