1、第9講非謂語動(dòng)詞,非謂語動(dòng)詞指的是在句中起名詞、形容詞或副詞作用的動(dòng)詞形式，而不是作謂語的動(dòng)詞形式。動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式分為動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和過去分詞，初中階段主要考查點(diǎn)集中在： 1動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞的基本用法。 2動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)與it作形式主語的互換。 3動(dòng)詞不定式作定語時(shí)一般后置。 4后接動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞。 5既可接動(dòng)詞不定式，又可接動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞。,一、動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)詞不定式的基本結(jié)構(gòu),肯定形式：to do 否定形式：not to do,動(dòng)詞不定式的句法作用,動(dòng)詞不定式值得注意的問題,1不定式短語作主語時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，真正的主語不定式要放在后面。如： It

2、 is very important to learn English well. To learn English well is very important. 學(xué)好英語很重要。 2不定式作賓語時(shí)的兩種結(jié)構(gòu)。 常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有want，hope，wish，plan，decide，learn，agree，try等。如： I hope to see him tomorrow. 我希望明天能見到他。 在常用句型“finditadj.to do sth.”中，it作形式賓語，不定式作真正的賓語，放在賓語補(bǔ)足語(adj.)后面。如： I find it hard to get to sl

3、eep. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難入睡。,3不定式作表語時(shí)，它的主語通常是job，duty，work，dream，aim，go，wish，suggestion等，說明主語的內(nèi)容。如： My duty is to help children cross the road. 我的職責(zé)是幫助孩子們過馬路。 當(dāng)主語和表語都是不定式時(shí)，主語表示條件，表語表示結(jié)果。如： To help others is also to help ourselves. 幫別人也是幫我們自己。 4動(dòng)詞不定式作定語都應(yīng)放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。如： He has something to say.他有話要說。 如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，

4、它所修飾的是地點(diǎn)、工具的名詞，則不定式后面應(yīng)加相應(yīng)的介詞。如： He wants to find a room to live in. 他想找個(gè)可以住的房間。,5動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語時(shí)，可表目的、結(jié)果、原因等。如： 表目的，常在go，come，leave，stop后及in order to，so as to等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如： He went to the shop to buy some books. 表結(jié)果，常在too.to., enough.to., only.to.等結(jié)構(gòu)中。如： Hes tall enough to reach the apples. 表原因，常與happy，sorry，exc

5、ited，surprised，glad等表示心理活動(dòng)的形容詞連用。如： Im excited to hear the news.,6注意有一些不帶to 的不定式。見下表：,7.動(dòng)詞不定式可以和疑問詞(what，which，how，when，where等)連用，構(gòu)成不定式短語。如： I dont know how_to_do_it. (作賓語) Nobody tell us what_to_do.(作賓補(bǔ)) The question is where_to_go. (作表語) When_to_start isnt decided. (作主語),二、動(dòng)名詞,動(dòng)名詞在句法中的作用,注意：動(dòng)名詞作賓語

6、有兩種情況：動(dòng)詞賓語和介詞賓語。 作動(dòng)詞賓語。英語中有些動(dòng)詞常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，這樣的詞有：enjoy，practice，mind，finish，give up，suggest，keep on，be busy，feel like等。如： Have you finished reading the book? 你看完這本書了嗎？ 作介詞賓語。如： Im thinking of making a plan for the next term. 我正在考慮為下個(gè)學(xué)期制定計(jì)劃。,后面只接動(dòng)詞ing形式的結(jié)構(gòu),1動(dòng)詞：enjoy，finish，mind，practice，miss，keep，dislike

7、，consider，prevent，imagine等。 2短語：feel like，spend.doing.，be busy.doing.，have fun/problem.doing.，cant help doing.，be worth doing.等。 3帶介詞/副詞的短語：give up，put off，be good at，be worried about，be interested in，stop.from., keep.on.等。 4特別注意下列幾個(gè)詞組的“to”為介詞。如： be/get used to doing 習(xí)慣于做某事 prefer doing to doing 寧愿做

8、而不愿做 look forward to doing 盼望著做某事 pay attention to doing 注意做某事 make a contribution to doing 為做貢獻(xiàn),易混淆的動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞,1有些動(dòng)詞既可接不定式也可接動(dòng)名詞，意義沒有改變。如： start/begin to do sth.start/begin doing sth. 開始做某事 need doingneed to be done 需要 2like，love，hate，prefer后跟不定式表示具體的或某一次的動(dòng)作或行為，跟動(dòng)名詞表示一般習(xí)慣。如： I like swimming but I do

9、nt like to go swimming this afternoon. 我喜歡游泳但不喜歡今天下午去游泳。,3有些雖然可以接動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式，但意義不同。如： stop to do sth.停下來做另一件事 stop doing sth.停止做某事 stop.from doing sth.阻止做某事 remember to do sth.記得去做某事 remember doing sth.記得做過某事 forget to do sth.忘記去做某事 forget doing sth.忘記已做了某事 go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做同一件事 go on to do sth.接著做另

10、一件事 used to do sth.過去常干某事 be used to do sth. be used for (doing) sth.被用來干某事 be/get used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣于干某事,4感官動(dòng)詞(watch，see，hear，find，notice等)既可接省去to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，也可接動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓補(bǔ)，但意義不同。 感官v.sb.do sth.：表動(dòng)作經(jīng)常發(fā)生或已完成。 感官v.sb.doing sth.：表動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。如： I often hear her sing the song next room. 我經(jīng)常聽到她在隔壁房間唱這首歌。 I saw

11、 her come out of the room. 我看見她從房間里出來了。,5注意下面兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別：,如：My father gets me repair bike. I must get my bike repaired.,如：I heard someone call/calling me. I heard my name called.,When I was walking past the window, I noticed Wang Fei _ my homework. I really got _.() Acopying；annoyed Bcopying；annoying Cc

12、opy；annoyed Dcopied；annoyed 解析：notice sb. doing sth.注意到某人在做某事，doing做賓補(bǔ)；使我生氣，主語是“人”，常用加ed的形容詞表人的情感。故選A。 答案：A,When people want to relax themselves, they prefer _ TV or listen to music rather than _ newspapers.() Awatching；read Bwatching；to read Cto watch；read Dto watch；reading 解析：本題考查prefer to do.rath

13、er than do.句型的用法。根據(jù)題意，當(dāng)人們想放松自己時(shí)，他們寧愿看電視聽音樂也不會去看報(bào)紙。prefer后接動(dòng)詞不定式，rather than后接動(dòng)詞原形。故本題選C。 答案：C,We cant work out the physics problem. Can you tell us _？() Ahow to do Bwhat to do it Chow to do it Dwhat should to do 解析：本題考查疑問詞后接動(dòng)詞不定式。句意“我們不能算出這個(gè)物理難題，你能告訴我們怎樣算出來嗎？”，what可作為do的賓語，how不可作為do的賓語，因此后需加代詞it，因此選

14、C。 答案：C,The new treatments _ by Norman Bethune helped a number of soldiers.() Ainvent Binvents Cinventing Dinvented 解析：本題考查分詞的用法。句意為“由白求恩發(fā)明的新的治療方法幫助了很多的士兵?！眎nvented為過去分詞作后置定語。故選D。 答案：D,1(2011徐州)What bad weather it was! We decided _.() Ato go out Bnot to go out Cto not go out Dnot going out 解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞

15、的用法。由上句句意：天氣不好，可判斷不出去了。排除A。decide后只能跟動(dòng)詞不定式to do，decide to do sth.意為“決定做某事”，不定式的否定式為not to do。故選B。 答案：B,2(2011綏化)The book is well worth _， I plan _ one.() Aread；to buy Breading；buying Creading；to buy 解析：本題考查固定搭配。be worth doing 是“值得做”的意思；plan to do sth. 是“計(jì)劃做某事”的意思；故選C。 答案：C,3(2011無錫)Janes mother pref

16、erred _ TV at home to _ to the concert.() Ato watch；go Bwatching；going Cwatching；go Dto watch；going 解析：本題考查固定搭配。prefer doing sth. to doing sth.“比起來更喜歡”，故答案選B。 答案：B,4(2011臨沂)If prices rise too high, the government has to do something _ it.() Astop Bstopped Cstopping Dto stop 解析：本題考查動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。由句意“如果物價(jià)漲

17、的太高，政府就不得不采取措施來阻止?！笨芍?jiǎng)釉~不定式在句中作目的狀語，說明“采取措施”的目的是“來阻止物價(jià)上漲”。故選D。 答案：D,5(2011蘭州)One of the difficulties we have _ English is how to remember new words and expressions.() Ato learn Bin learning Clearn Dlearned 解析：本題考查固定用法。have difficulty ( in ) doing sth.做某事有困難，句意“我們學(xué)習(xí)英語的一個(gè)困難是怎樣記住新的單詞和表達(dá)”，因此選B。 答案：B,1Wou

18、ld you like to have dinner with me? Sorry, I have a lot of housework _.() Ato do Bdone Cdo Dto be done 2I tried to make Kate _ her mind, but I found it hard. Well, I saw you _ that when I went past.() Achanges；do Bchanges；doing Cto change；do Dchange；doing,A,D,3Oh, I had a terrible toothache. Youd be

19、tter _ see a doctor and have your bad teeth _ out.() Ago to；pulling Bto go to；pulled Cgo to；pulled Dto go to；pulling 4Mr. Wang, I have trouble _ the text. Remember _ it three times before you begin to understand it.() Ato understand；reading Bunderstanding；reading Cunderstanding；to read Dto understan

20、d；to read,C,C,5Dont worry. We will do anything we can _ you.() Ahelp Bto help Cbe helped Dhelped 6Did you let anyone _ the flowers? Yes, I had the flowers _.() Ato water；water Bto water；watered Cwater；to be watered Dwater；watered 7Would you mind _ me a favour？() Ado Bto do Cdoing Ddid,B,D,C,8Why not

21、 _ the Music Club? Sorry, I cant sing or dance.() Ato join Bjoin Cjoining Djoin in 9No matter how hard it is, well keep _ until we make it.() Afailed Bfailing Ctried Dtrying 10Whenever you have a chance _English，you should take it.() Ato speak Bspeak Cspeaking Dspoken,B,D,A,11We couldnt help _ when

22、Uncle Wang told us the news.() Alaugh Blaughed Claughing Dto laugh 12What should I do, doctor? _ healthy, you should take more exercise.() AKeep BKeeping CTo keep DHaving kept 13It took my daughter two weeks _ the novels _ by Jin Yong.() Aread；written Bto read；written Creading；to write Dto read；wrote,C,C,B,14Will you please show me how to do the roleplay e