I摘要針對(duì)現(xiàn)有常規(guī)CA6140普遍車床的缺點(diǎn)提出數(shù)控改裝方案和單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)，提高加工精度和擴(kuò)大機(jī)床使用范圍，并提高生產(chǎn)率。本論文說(shuō)明了普通車床的數(shù)控化改造的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程，較詳盡地介紹了CA6140機(jī)械改造部分的設(shè)計(jì)及數(shù)控系統(tǒng)部分的設(shè)計(jì)。采用以8031為CPU的控制系統(tǒng)對(duì)信號(hào)進(jìn)行處理，由I/O接口輸出步進(jìn)脈沖，經(jīng)一級(jí)齒輪傳動(dòng)減速后，帶動(dòng)滾動(dòng)絲杠轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)縱向、橫向的進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)。改造過(guò)程如下：（1）機(jī)械部分的改造，包括縱向進(jìn)給方向的改造和橫向進(jìn)給方向的改造。主要包括對(duì)滾珠絲杠螺母副及反應(yīng)式步進(jìn)電機(jī)的計(jì)算選擇及縱向、橫向機(jī)構(gòu)裝配圖方案的制定。（2）電氣控制部分的設(shè)計(jì)，主要包括MCS-51系列單片機(jī)及擴(kuò)展芯片的選用和電氣控制圖的設(shè)計(jì)。關(guān)鍵詞：數(shù)控，單片機(jī)，步進(jìn)電機(jī)，滾珠絲杠，改造ABSTRACTIIIABSTRACTToremedythedefectsofordinarylatherC6140,adesignofdataprocessingsystemanditssinglechipmicrocomputersystemprogramisputforwardtoraisetheprocessingprecisionandextendthemachinesusage,andtoimproveproductionrate。Thispaperpresentstheprocessofdesigningnumericalcontrolreform，andexplicitlyintroducesthedesignofmechanicalandnumericalcontrolsystemreforms。Weadoptcontrolsystemwhichhas8031ascputocopewiththesignal，andoutputthesteppulsethroughtheI/Ointerface。Aftertransmittingandslowingdownbyforce1gear,thesteppulsesdrivetheleadingscrewtoroll。Thusachievetheverticalmovementandthecrosswisemovement。Reformprocessasfollows:(1)Thereformationofmachinepart,includetoenterlengthwaystothereformationofthedirectionwithhorizontalentertodirectionofreformation.Mainlyincludetorolltheballscrewshaftnutandthecalculationchoiceofreactionsteppingmotorandtheestablishmentoflengthways,horizontalorganizationassemblediagramproject.(2)Thereformationofelectricitypart,mainlyincludethechoiceofMCS-51familysingle-chipandexpandchipandthedesignofelectriccontrolchart.Keywords:numericalcontrol,single-chip,steppingmotor,ballscrewshaft,reformIV目錄摘要.ABSTRACT（英文摘要）.目錄.第一章前言.1第二章總體方案設(shè)計(jì).22.1機(jī)械部分改造.22.2數(shù)控系統(tǒng)部分設(shè)計(jì).2第三章機(jī)械部分改造設(shè)計(jì).43.1橫向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算.43.1.1橫向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì).43.1.2橫向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算.43.1.3步進(jìn)電機(jī)的選擇.73.2數(shù)控車床的傳動(dòng)裝置設(shè)計(jì).73.2.1螺旋傳動(dòng).73.2.2軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì).93.2.3透蓋的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì).103.2.4螺母座的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì).103.3自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)位刀架的設(shè)計(jì).11第四章微機(jī)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì).134.1概述.134.2數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的硬件電路設(shè)計(jì).134.2.1微機(jī)機(jī)型和擴(kuò)展存儲(chǔ)器的選擇.144.2.2確定I/O接口.154.2.3鍵盤接口設(shè)計(jì).164.2.4顯示電路設(shè)計(jì).174.3軟件設(shè)計(jì).184.3.1插補(bǔ)原