I摘要隨著人們對(duì)安全意識(shí)的日益重視與提高，視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)在安防監(jiān)控、工業(yè)控制、交通監(jiān)控等領(lǐng)域中已經(jīng)有了廣泛的應(yīng)用?；贒SP的視頻監(jiān)控能夠提高視頻傳輸?shù)目煽啃院蛡鬏斔俣龋瑴p小體積和重量，并能降低功耗和成本，具有較強(qiáng)的環(huán)境適應(yīng)性。因此從經(jīng)濟(jì)和實(shí)用的角度來(lái)講，基于DSP的視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)具有很好的發(fā)展前景。本文提出了一種視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)硬件平臺(tái)的設(shè)計(jì)方案，硬件平臺(tái)主要包括DSP主控系統(tǒng)硬件平臺(tái)、監(jiān)控云臺(tái)、攝像機(jī)和顯示器。首先對(duì)視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)研究的目的和難點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析，并對(duì)視頻信號(hào)做了簡(jiǎn)要的介紹。在此基礎(chǔ)上根據(jù)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)的要求，給出系統(tǒng)總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)方案。隨后，根據(jù)視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)在設(shè)計(jì)中對(duì)實(shí)時(shí)性和智能化的要求，結(jié)合設(shè)計(jì)中的難點(diǎn)，給出了基于TMS320DM642的視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì)方案，并給出了各硬件模塊硬件電路連接圖。根據(jù)硬件設(shè)計(jì)方案，介紹了基于硬件平臺(tái)的目標(biāo)跟蹤的具體實(shí)現(xiàn)步驟，提出了目標(biāo)捕捉、目標(biāo)跟蹤以及云臺(tái)控制的軟件設(shè)計(jì)方案。最后，結(jié)合在本系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)過程中的經(jīng)歷，總結(jié)開發(fā)過程中的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和不足。關(guān)鍵詞：DSP，視頻監(jiān)控，運(yùn)動(dòng)檢測(cè)，目標(biāo)跟蹤IIAbstractAlongwithmoreattentionandimprovetothesocialsecurityawareness,thevideomonitoringsystemhasbeenwidelyusedinmanyfields,suchasthesafetymonitoring,industrycontroltrafficmonitoringandsoon.ThevideomonitoringsystembasedonDSPcanimprovethereliabilityandspeedofthetransmission,reducingthevolumeandweight,andcanreducethepowerconsumptionandcosts,andhasstrongadaptabilitytotheenvironment.Sofromthepointofeconomicandpractical,thevideomonitorinsystembasedonDSPhaveverygooddevelopmentprospect.Thispaperpresentsavideomonitoringsystemhardwareplatform,thedesignofhardwareplatformincludesDSPmastercontrolsystemhardwareplatform,monitoringhaeundae,cameraandmonitor.Firstly,Iwillanalyzethepurposeoftheresearchandthedifficultyofresearchforthisvideomonitoringsystem,andwillintroducethevideosignal.Basedontherequirementsofdesignaccordingtothesystem,turnouttheplanofsystemstructuredesign.Then,accordingtotherequirementsofreal-timeandintelligentized,combinedwiththedifficultyinthedesign,therewillturnoutthehardwaredesignprojectofthevideomonitoringsystembasedonTMS320DM642,andthecircuitconnectiondiagramofhardwaremodulehardware.Accordingtothehardwaredesign,thispaperintroducesthemethodstorealizethetargettrackingindetailofthehardwareplatform,andPutforwardsoftwaredesignprojectoftargetcapture,targettrackingandconsolecontrol.Finally,Combinedwiththeexperienceinthissystemdesign,summarizestheexperienceandinsufficiencyintheprocessofdeveloping.Keywords:DSP,videosurveillance,motiondetection,targettrackingIII目錄第1章緒論.11.1課題研究背景.11.2課題研究的目的及意義.21.3國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀.31.4主要內(nèi)容及論文結(jié)構(gòu)安排.4第2章視頻監(jiān)控相關(guān)理論分析.52.1視頻信號(hào).52.1.1模擬視頻標(biāo)準(zhǔn).62.1.2數(shù)字視頻標(biāo)準(zhǔn).72.2數(shù)字圖像編碼.72.2.1預(yù)測(cè)編碼.82.2.2熵編碼.92.2.3模型編碼.92.2.4分形編碼.102.3運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)檢測(cè)算法.102.3.1幀間差分法.112.3.2背景差分算法.122.4運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)跟蹤算法.132.5本章小結(jié).14第3章系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì).153.1視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)整體設(shè)計(jì).153.2系統(tǒng)時(shí)鐘接口電路設(shè)計(jì).173.3電源接口電路設(shè)計(jì).193.4存儲(chǔ)器模塊電路設(shè)計(jì).203.4.1SDRAM模塊電路設(shè)計(jì).213.4.2FLASH模塊電路設(shè)計(jì).233.5JTAG電路設(shè)計(jì).273.6串口通信模塊設(shè)計(jì).283.7視頻采集模塊設(shè)計(jì).313.8視頻輸出接口電路設(shè)計(jì).34IV3.9本章小結(jié).35第4章系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)及實(shí)現(xiàn).364.1系統(tǒng)主程序的設(shè)計(jì).364.2目標(biāo)捕捉程序設(shè)計(jì).384.3目標(biāo)跟蹤程序設(shè)計(jì).414.4云臺(tái)控制.424.5本章小結(jié).45結(jié)論.46參考文獻(xiàn).47致謝.49附錄：系統(tǒng)整體硬件連接電路圖.50VDirectoryChapter1Introduction.11.1ResearchBackground.11.2ThePurposeandSignificanceoftheResearch.21.3CurrentResearchatHomeandAbroad.31.4MainContentandtheStructureArrangementofthePaper.4Chapter2VideoMonitorRelatedTheoryAnalysis.52.1VideoSignal.52.1.1AnalogVideoStandard.62.1.2DigitalVideoStandard.72.2DigitalImageCoding.72.2.1ForecastCoding.82.2.2EntropyCoding.92.2.3ModelCoding.92.2.4FractalCoding.102.3MovingTargetsDetectionAlgorithm.102.3.1FrameDifferenceAlgorithm.112.3.2BackgroundDifferenceAlgorithm.122.4SportsTargetTrackingTlgorithm.132.5SummaryofThisChapter.14Chapter3TheSystemsHardwareDesign.153.1VideoMonitoringSystemDesign.153.2TheSystemClockInterfaceCircuitDesign.173.3PowerInterfaceCircuitDesign.193.4MemoryModuleCircuitDesign.203.4.1SDRAMModuleCircuitDesign.213.4.2FLASHModuleCircuitDesign.233.5JTAGCircuitDesign.273.6SerialInterfaceCommunicationModuleDesign.283.7VideoAcquisitionModuleDesign.313.8VideoOutputInterfaceCircuitDesign.34VI3.9SummaryofThisChapter.35Chapter4Systemsoftwaredesignandrealization.364.1TheDesignoftheMainProgramSystem.364.2TargetCaptureProgramDesign.384.3TheTargetTrackingProgramDesign.414.4ConsoleControl.424.5SummaryofThisChapter.45Conclusion.46Reference.47Acknowledgements.49Appendix:HardwareConnectionCircuitdiagramofWholeSystem.501第1章緒論1.1課題研究背景視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)就是對(duì)指定的場(chǎng)景區(qū)域進(jìn)行監(jiān)視，并把場(chǎng)景內(nèi)的信息傳遞給監(jiān)控者，使其能根據(jù)相應(yīng)的情況采取適當(dāng)措施的系統(tǒng)。目前，視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)廣泛應(yīng)用在安防和監(jiān)控上。隨著數(shù)字圖像處理和網(wǎng)絡(luò)等各種技術(shù)的發(fā)展，視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展及更新?lián)Q代越來(lái)越快，從功能簡(jiǎn)單到功能繁多，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜到結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，圖像穩(wěn)定度從低到高，視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)經(jīng)歷了三個(gè)過程：首先是第一代視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，即模擬視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，是以模擬設(shè)備為主的閉路電視監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，通過模擬的方式用視頻電纜傳輸圖像信息1。只能在控制中心查看監(jiān)控圖像，傳輸距離比較短，因此主要應(yīng)用于小范圍內(nèi)的監(jiān)控。模擬視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)布線工程量大，對(duì)于已經(jīng)建好的系統(tǒng)，如要增加新的監(jiān)控點(diǎn)難度很大，系統(tǒng)的擴(kuò)展能力差。有線模擬視頻信號(hào)的傳輸距離有限，從而決定了模擬視頻監(jiān)控只能在小范圍場(chǎng)所使用。需要耗費(fèi)大量的存儲(chǔ)介質(zhì)如錄像帶，進(jìn)行模擬視頻信號(hào)的存儲(chǔ)，查詢?nèi)∽C時(shí)十分繁瑣，而且采用模擬信號(hào)方式記錄和讀取時(shí)，會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的失真。因此視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能滿足實(shí)際的監(jiān)控要求，已經(jīng)很少被使用。隨著視頻壓縮編碼技術(shù)的發(fā)展和計(jì)算機(jī)處理能力的提高，出現(xiàn)了第二代視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，即數(shù)字視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，第二代視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)視頻通