Module 6 Old and New(一)課前自主學習.閱讀單詞知其意1bulletin n小型報刊；短新聞；報告2civil adj. 民用的；國內的3cliff n. 懸崖；峭壁4gorge n. 峽谷5hydroelectric adj. 水力發(fā)電的6reservoir n. 水庫7terminal n. (機場的)集散站；終點站；候機廳8carving n. (尤指木頭、象牙等的)雕刻(品)9relic n. (常作復數(shù))(歷史的)遺跡；遺物10site n. 場所；遺址11generate vt. 發(fā)(電)12watchtower n縱聯(lián)1 望臺_.重點單詞寫其形1canal n. 運河2dam n. 壩；堤；水閘3structure n. 建筑物；結構4date vi. 始于(某一歷史時期) 5remove vt. 遷移；搬遷6ridiculous adj. 荒唐的；可笑的7enormous adj. 巨大的；龐大的8crash vi. (飛機)失事；墜毀.拓展單詞通其變1engineering n(土木)工程engineer n工程師2accommodate vt.容納(乘客等)accommodation n住所；膳宿3construction n建造；建設；建筑construct vt.建造；建設constructive adj.建設性的4historical adj.歷史的；有關歷史的historic adj.有歷史意義的縱聯(lián)25narrow adj.狹窄的 v變窄narrowly adv.勉強地6poem n詩；詩歌poet n詩人7global adj.全球的globe n地球；地球儀8freezing adj.冷冰冰的；極冷的frozen adj.冷凍的；凍壞的freeze v冷凍；冰凍；(使)凍住縱聯(lián)39observatory n觀察臺observe vt.觀察observation n觀察10foggy adj.有濃霧的fog n(濃)霧縱聯(lián)1.“v.n.”合成名詞一覽watchtower望臺playground操場pickpocket扒手 copyright版權縱聯(lián)2.以“ical”結尾的形容詞一覽historical有關歷史的 economical經濟的；節(jié)約的geographical地理(學)的 political政治的magical魔術的；有魔力的 musical音樂的；悅耳的electrical與電有關的 logical邏輯的縱聯(lián)3.“冷暖”知多少freezing adj.冷冰冰的 icy adj.冰冷的cold adj.寒冷的 hot adj.熱的cool adj.涼的 warm adj.溫暖的單元話題歷史變遷子話題1歷史進程empire n帝國 parliament n議會democracy n民主 constitution n憲法；章程royal adj.皇家的 conservative n保守派prehistoric adj.史前的 abolish vt.廢除；取消子話題2舊貌換新顏reconstruct v. 重建；改造former adj. 以前的；從前的original adj. 最初的；獨創(chuàng)的primitive adj. 原始的；遠古的boom n. （人口、貿易的)繁榮immigration n. 移民；移居入境splendid adj. 壯麗的；極好的exploit v. 開采；開發(fā)學考對接活學活用高考采擷(一)閱讀中的詞匯應用1(2012湖南高考任務型閱讀) Since the earliest civilizations, people have controlled rivers to meet societys demands.Today, rivers are controlled for many reasons, primarily to maintain reliable water supplies for daily, agricultural and industrial needs, for power (generate), for navigation (航行), and to prevent flooding.River control is achieved by channelization, a term that covers a range of river (engineer) works, including widening, deepening, straightening and stabilization of banks, and by the (construct) of dams.用generate的正確形式填空：generation用engineer的正確形式填空：engineering。eer為表示“人”的后綴，類似的詞還有：pioneer, volunteer等用construct的正確形式填空：construction寫出dams在句中的含義：大壩；堤2(2015全國卷閱讀A)Ice for the Metropolis, by Malcolm Tucker.Well before the arrival of freezers， there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering.Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells, and how Londons ice trade grew.寫出freezers在本單元中的同根形容詞：freezing寫出history在本單元中的同根形容詞：historical高考采擷(二)寫作中的詞匯應用(根據(jù)漢語及提示詞翻譯句子)1(2014全國卷書面表達)我還想知道這門課程我要付多少錢，以及住宿是否包括在內。(accommodation)Id_also_like_to_know_how_much_I_have_to_pay_for_the_course_and_whether_accommodation_is_included.2(2014山東高考寫作)雖然我面臨著巨大的困難，但我堅持不懈。(enormous)Although_I_am_faced_with_enormous_difficulties,_I_work_with_perseverance.(二)課堂重點釋疑1date vi.始于(某一歷史時期) vt.確定年代；注明日期n.日期；約會記牢(1)date fromdate back to起源于；追溯到(2)set a date for 確定的日期have a date with sb. 與某人約會out of date 過時的up to date 現(xiàn)代的；最新的練通單句語法填空The old town dates (date) back to the late seventeenth century.The fact is that your passport has been out of date, so you cant use it.Everyone should keep on getting himself educated so as to be up to date with modern technology.用準date from和date back to這兩個短語，通常使用一般現(xiàn)在時，沒有進行時態(tài)，也沒有被動形式。常用其現(xiàn)在分詞形式作后置定語。寫美翻譯句子我們學校有許多老樹，每棵都是大約100年前的。There_are_many_old_trees_in_our_school,_each_dating_from_about_100_years_ago.2accommodate vt.容納(乘客等)；使適應；遷就；向提供 vi.適應記牢(1)accommodate to sth.順應/適應(新情況)accommodate sb./oneself to sth. 使某人/自己適應某事accommodate sb.with sth. 為某人提供某物(2)accommodation n. 住處；住宿，膳宿；和解，調解make/provide accommodations for為提供食宿練通單句語法填空Her eyes took a while to accommodate to the darkness.He will accommodate me with the use of his house while he is abroad.It includes a roundtrip ticket, hotel accommodations (accommodate) and three meals each day.補全句子I know how to accommodate_myself_to new circumstances.我知道怎樣使自己適應新的環(huán)境。寫美翻譯句子組委會將提供接機服務并安排參展藝術家在展覽活動期間的食宿。The_committee_will_offer_free_airport_services_and_provide_accommodations_for_the_artists_during_the_exhibition.3narrow adj.狹窄的；狹隘的；勉強的 v(使)變窄；縮小記牢(1)a narrow escape九死一生；死里逃生a narrow majority/victory/defeat 微弱多數(shù)/險勝/勉強擊敗(2)narrow down 縮小的范圍(3)narrowly adv. 勉強地；差一點兒；狹隘地練通單句語法填空To their relief, their students narrowly (narrow) escaped from the burning building.The police have narrowed down their list of suspects.補全句子That was really a_narrow_escape all right when our car turned over!當我們的車翻過去的時候，那真是死里逃生！寫美翻譯句子這場籃球賽最后的比分是9697。我們惜敗。The_final_score_of_the_basketball_match_was_9697.We_were_only_narrowly_beaten.4remove vt.遷移；搬遷；去除，移開；開除；免職，解除(職務)；摘掉，脫去(衣物)；拿走辨清寫出下列句中remove的含義If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not notice.拿走He removed his jacket when he arrived home.脫去He was severely criticized and removed from his post.免職The agreement removes the last serious obstacle to the signing of the treaty.去除Three children were removed from school for bad behaviors.開除記牢(1)remove .from .把從移開remove from .to . 從搬到remove sb.from school 開除某人，勒令某人退學(2)removal n. 移植；解除；搬遷；免職練通單句語法填空Students removed several desks from their classroom to another one.Removals (remove) are unpleasant, but it will be nice when we get into the new house.寫美翻譯句子就我個人而言，我認為應該刪除關于娛樂的專欄。As_far_as_I_am_concerned,_I_think_that_the_column_concerning_entertainment_should_be_removed.詞匯過關綜合訓練.單詞拼寫1(2018全國卷)Remove (去掉) the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze.2Most dams (壩；堤) are built to control a rivers water flow, improve navigation and control flooding.3Still, the variety of the structures (結構) used in the example sentences benefits me greatly.4He is writing a historical (有關歷史的) novel about nineteethcentury France.5Fathers have an enormous (巨大的) effect on their childrens personalities and chances of marital happiness.6The plane crashed (撞上) into the mountain, but luckily the pilot survived.7They made 30 days accommodations (膳宿) for us in the activity during the summer holiday.8We need to hold back global (全球的) warming and prepare for its outcome.9It is difficult to travel through the town on a foggy (有濃霧的) morning.10The workers are busy with the construction (建造) of the new airport.單句語法填空1Would you be kind enough to_accommodate (accommodate) us for the night in your home?2The teacher will introduce some famous historical (history) figures to his students.3Graduates majoring in computer science, engineering (engineer), and physics have the highest wages.4The father as well as his three children goes skating on the frozen (freeze) river every Sunday afternoon in winter.5When experiments are to be made, one cant rely too much on the human senses to make accurate observation (observe)6It is reported that the new airport is still under construction.7Dating (date) from 1933, the South Lake Park in Changchun is located in the southwestern part of the Changchun city.8It was so foggy (fog) that the driver could hardly make out the way ahead.根據(jù)提示補全句子1把您的手提包從座位上拿開好嗎？(remove)Will you please remove_your_handbag_from the seat?2這些衣服現(xiàn)在看起來很時尚，但不久就會過時。(date)The clothes look up_to_date now, but they will soon be out_of_date.3去年我死里逃生，因此我不想再去冒生命危險了。(narrow)Last year I had_a_narrow_escape,_and I dont want to risk my life a second time.4地震之后，當?shù)卣紫茸龅氖菫闊o家可歸的家庭提供住處。(accommodate)After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to make_accommodations_for the homeless families.5一架小飛機撞到城東五英里的山坡上，機上四人無一幸免。(crash)A small plane crashed_into a hillside five miles east of the city, killing all four people on board.(一)課前自主學習1date_from起源于2of_all_time 有史以來3now_that 既然4dream_of/about 串記1 夢想5hold_back 串記2 阻止6come_true （夢想等)變成現(xiàn)實7make_sense 有意義；有道理8bring_an_end_to 結束；終止9be_on_a_visit_to 正對進行訪問10of_great_importance 很重要同根短語串記串記1.dream“夢想”有多少dream of/about夢想dream a .dream 做夢dream away time 虛度光陰go to ones dreams 進入夢鄉(xiāng)dream up 虛構出串記2.“v.back”短語全接觸hold back阻止；抑制 get back返回；取回give back歸還；送回 pay back償還(借款等)ring back回電話 bring back帶回；使想起1control flooding控制洪災2three quarters of Chinas energy 中國四分之三的能量3by burning coal 通過燃煤4global warming 全球變暖5generate electricity 發(fā)電6live a happy new life 過著幸福的新生活7the second tallest building 第二高的建筑物8on a clear day 在晴天1It_took_six_years_to_build and cost US $20 billion.它花費了6年的時間才建成，耗資200億美元。2Is_it_possible_to_see the relics now that they have been submerged?既然這些遺跡都已被淹沒，還有可能再看到它們嗎？3Why do_you_think there are so many tall buildings in the world now?你認為為什么現(xiàn)在世界上有這么多的高層建筑？學考對接活學活用高考采擷(一)完形中的短語(補全句子)1(2017浙江高考完形填空) Now Alia waited for the war to end and dreamed_of_peace (夢想著和平) and a new library.2(2010全國卷完形填空) He smiled and said, “She doesnt know me, but I know who she is.” I had to hold_back (控制) tears as he left.3(2009湖南高考完形填空) Now_that (既然) Johnny was older, he was expected to dance with a girl!高考采擷(二)寫作中的短語和句式(詞匯升級/補全句子)1(2018北京高考書面表達) Learning some basic Chinese before you come is very important.(用本單元短語替換加黑詞)of_great_importance2(2011北京高考書面表達) In pursuing a dream, we might focus on only one way of making it come_true (變成現(xiàn)實), forgetting that there may be alternatives.3(2018全國卷書面表達)此外，在用餐期間，保持你的聲音低和愉快對你來說更好。(It beadj.to do)Besides, its_better_for_you_to_keep your voice low and pleasant during the meal.4(2014重慶高考寫作)他花了好幾個星期才做好這件禮物。這就是為什么我比那天收到的其他禮物更珍惜它的原因。(It takes sb.some time to do sth.)It_took_him_several_weeks_to_learn_to make it.Thats why I value it more than any other gift I received that day.(二)課堂重點釋疑短語集釋1hold back阻止；隱瞞；抑制，控制(情感等)；扣留辨清寫出下列句中hold back的含義The fight would have been avoided if either of you had been able to hold back your anger.抑制，控制I think hes holding something back; he knows more than he admits.隱瞞The police tried to hold back the angry crowd, but in vain.阻止記牢hold up支撐起；延誤，延遲，耽擱；舉起，抬起hold on 別掛斷；堅持住，挺住hold on to 抓住不放；堅持；保留hold out (在困境中)堅持；伸出；維持練通選用上述短語填空I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but was held_back thankfully by the shop window.Women are playing a more and more important part in society they hold_up half the sky.Id thought I could hold_out till my dentist came back from holiday, but the pain was really unbearable.He held_on_to a branch until we came to his rescue.寫美翻譯句子運動員們永不言棄，奮戰(zhàn)到最后。他們鼓勵人們堅持，他們的精神感動了很多人。The_athletes_never_give_up_and_fight_for_the_last_minute.They_inspire_people_to_hold_on_and_their_spirit_moves_so_many_people.2make sense有意義；有道理；講得通，可理解記牢make sense of了解的意義；懂得in a sense 在某一方面；就某種意義來講in no sense 決不(位于句首要部分倒裝)a sense of 的感覺There is no sense in (doing) sth. 口語做某事是沒有道理/意義的。練通同義替換See, your computer has broken down again! It isnt reasonable (doesnt_make_sense) to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.We read through the poem, but could not understand (make_sense_of) it.句型轉換You should lose heart in no sense; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.In_no_sense_should_you_lose_heart；keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.(倒裝句)用準(1)make sense是物作主語，無被動語態(tài)，用to引出人；make sense of是人作主語，可以用于被動語態(tài)，用of引出物。(2)make sense與make sense of中sense前不加冠詞，sense本身也不能用復數(shù)形式。寫美翻譯句子同時，在提供給他人幫助時，我們自己也會有一種滿足感。Also,_when_offering_others_help,_we_ourselves_will_have_a_sense_of_satisfaction.3bring an end to結束；終止記牢bring/put an end to sth.bring/put sth.to an end結束/終止某事come to an end 結束；完結carry .through to the end 將進行到底on end 連續(xù)地；豎著 練通選用上述短語填空We had hardly anything to eat for days on_end.Its hoped that the talks may bring/put_an_end_to the violence in schools.The long cruel winter came_to_an_end at last, then came a gentle warm spring.補全句子We must carry_the_experiment_through_to_the_end,_not giving it up halfway.我們必須將實驗進行到底，不要中途放棄。寫美翻譯句子一個快樂的瞬間總是在你知道之前就結束了。A_happy_instant_always_comes_to_an_end_before_you_know_it.句式集釋It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.教材原句It_took_six_years_to_build and cost US $20 billion.悟拓展例句(1)As a new graduate, he doesnt know what_it_takes_to_start a business here.作為一名剛畢業(yè)的學生，他不知道在這里創(chuàng)業(yè)需要什么。(2)A month before the event, I spent_hours_working_out a schedule outlining my goals and practical steps.在活動開始前的一個月，我花了幾個小時制定了一個時間表，列出了我的目標和實際步驟。(3)Remembering these new words cost_him_a_lot_of_time.他花了大量時間才記住了這些生詞。(4)The watch was very good, and he paid 20 percent down for it.這塊表很好，他付了20%的錢。析用法規(guī)則用法歸納(1)It takes (sb.) some time to do sth. (某人)花費時間做某事(2)sb.spend some time/money (in) doing/on sth. 某人花費時間/金錢做某事(3)(doing) sth.cost (sb.) some time/money(做)某事/物花費(某人)時間/金錢(4)sb.pay some money for sth. 某人花費金錢為某事/某物注意事項在句型“It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.”中， it在句中為形式主語，后面的不定式短語to do sth.是句子的真正主語。此外， take還表示“需要”。背寫作佳句(1)It took him several weeks to learn to make the papercutting.(要點句)(2)The new computer cost him more than 5,000 yuan.(要點句)詞塊、句式過關綜合訓練.選詞填空date from， now that， dream of， hold back， come true， make sense， bring an end to， of great importance1No force on earth can hold_back the progress of society.2It just doesnt make_sense.Why would she do a thing like that?3His hobby of collecting coins dates_from his childhood.4Sophia said the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes come_true.5Some states in the area have tried to bring_an_end_to the war.6I always dream_of attending a normal university and becoming a teacher.7Basic research is of_great_importance in all scientific fields.8Why not change your mind now_that you have found that there is something wrong with your plan?.根據(jù)提示補全句子/句型轉換1您認為我明天下午什么時間可以來見他？(do you think作插入語)When_do_you_think_I_can come and see him tomorrow afternoon?2他花了很長一段時間才學會成為一名專業(yè)藝術家所需要的技能。(take)It_took_him_a_long_time_to_acquire the skills he needed to become a professional artist.3下次你有可能搭乘早一點的公交車嗎？(It is possible to do sth.)Is_it_possible_for_you_to_take an earlier bus next time?4The park was crowded, so finding an available site cost us some time.The park was crowded, so it took_us_some_time_to_find an available site.(take)The park was crowded, so we spent_some_time_finding an available site.(spend)5Its no use talking to him any more.You are wasting your breath.(sense)There_is_no_sense_in_talking to him any more.You are wasting your breath.應用文分步寫作假定你是李華，你的外國朋友Christina來信說，她今年夏天要來中國度假，游覽三峽大壩及上海，希望你為她安排行程。請你回復一封信，告知相關事宜。要點包括：1介紹三峽大壩及上海；2交通方式方面的建議。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考詞匯：三峽大壩the Three Gorges Dam第一步：準確審題，理行文脈絡，擬寫作要點本文屬于應用文中的回復信，時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，人稱為第一人稱。文章應分三個層次：開頭應點明寫信的緣由，為下文介紹三峽大壩和上海做好鋪墊。主體部分要依據(jù)題目所給的兩個要點進行構思，要點1比較寬泛，應細化處理，對三峽大壩和上?？山榻B其地理位置和地位(國際地位及城市地位)；要點2提出行程建議，可聯(lián)系實際做如下安排：先乘飛機到上海游覽幾天，再乘船去三峽大壩。結尾表達希望。開頭語：得知你今年夏天要來中國度假，我很高興。(賓語從句)I_am_glad_to_learn_that_youre_coming_to_China_for_a_holiday_this_summer.要點1：三峽大壩位于長江中部。三峽大壩在世界上享有國際聲譽。(be located in, reputation)The_Three_Gorges_Dam_is_located_in_the_middle_of_the_Yangtze_River.The_Three_Gorges_Dam_has_an_international_reputation_around_the_world.要點1：在長江入?？谑侵袊畲蟮某鞘猩虾?。(倒裝句)At_the_mouth_of_the_Yangtze_River_is_the_largest_city_of_China_Shanghai.要點2：乘飛機到上海，當你到達上海時你可以游覽幾天。Fly_to_Shanghai_and_when_you_arrive_in_it,_you_can_visit_for_several_days.要點2：你可以乘船去三峽大壩。(board)You_can_board_a_ship_to_the_Three_Gorges_Dam.結尾語：希望你在中國旅行愉快。Hope_you_will_enjoy_your_journey_in_China.第二步：添加細節(jié)，文意更豐滿，表達更亮眼為了使內容充實，我們可以對要點進行適度拓展、添加細節(jié)。開頭句可添加度假的目的“游覽三峽大壩及上海”并升級為省略句；在介紹三峽大壩及上海前需要一個統(tǒng)領句來引出下文，可添加“我很高興介紹一下你想去的地方”；要點1“三峽大壩享有國際聲譽”可以添加同位語(同類中最大的)，并用過去分詞作狀語在要點內部進行整合；對要點2可以添加“你可以花幾天時間來探索它的美麗和美味的食物”；要點2可以添加現(xiàn)在分詞短語(同時一路上欣賞兩岸的風景)作伴隨狀語；要點2最后可補加“你也可以乘高鐵去宜昌，那里是大壩所在地”并使用where引導的非限制性定語從句。拓展開頭語：得知你今年夏天要來中國度假游覽三峽大壩及上海，我很高興。(省略句)Glad_to_hear_that_youre_coming_to_China_for_a_holiday_to_visit_the_Three_Gorges_Dam_and_Shanghai_this_summer.補充銜接句：我很高興介紹一下你想去的地方。(it作形式主語)Its_my_pleasure_to_introduce_something_about_the_places_youd_like_to_go_to.拓展要點1：三峽大壩，位于長江中部，是同類中最大的，在世界上享有國際聲譽。(過去分詞作狀語，同位語)Located_in_the_middle_of_the_Yangtze_River,_the_Three_Gorges_Dam_the_biggest_of_its_kind_has_an_international_reputation_around_the_world.拓展要點2：乘飛機到上海，當你到達上海時，你可以花幾天時間來探索它的美麗和美味的食物。Fly_to_Shanghai_and_when_you_arrive_in_it,_you_can_explore_its_beauty_and_tasty_foods_for_several_days.拓展要點2：你可以乘船去三峽大壩，同時一路上欣賞兩岸的風景。(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語)You_can_board_a_ship_to_the_Three_Gorges_Dam,_enjoying_the_scenery_on_both_sides_all_the_way.補充要點2：你也可以乘高鐵去宜昌，那里是大壩所在地。(用where引導的非限制性定語從句)You_can_also_take_a_high_speed_train_to_Yichang,_where_the_dam_rests.第三步：連句成文，排語句順序，重銜接過渡本文可分為四個段落來寫，行文時要注意語言表達的連貫性和得體性?！拔液芨吲d介紹一下你想去的地方”是一個承上啟下句，需緊跟在開頭語之后。在“提出行程建議”時，可按照行程的時間順序進行描述，用并列連詞firstly， then， besides進行銜接。Dear_Christina，Glad_to_hear_that_youre_coming_to_China_for_a_holiday_to_visit_the_Three_Gorges_Dam_and_Shanghai_this_summer.Its_my_pleasure_to_introduce_something_about_the_places_youd_like_to_go_to.Located_in_the_middle_of_the_Yangtze_River,_the_Three_Gorges_Dam_the_biggest_of_its_kind_has_an_international_reputation_around_the_world.At_the_mouth_of_the_Yangtze_River_is_the_largest_city_of_China_Shanghai.Firstly,_fly_to_Shanghai_and_when_you_arrive_in_it,_yo