專(zhuān)題十八意圖態(tài)度 2 考情概覽高考 考試說(shuō)明 指出 每篇文章都有一個(gè)特定的寫(xiě)作目的 或是向讀者傳遞某個(gè)信息 或是使讀者愉悅 或是講授某個(gè)道理 而這些信息通常并不明確表達(dá)出來(lái) 而是隱含在文章之中 因此 這類(lèi)問(wèn)題要求考生在理解文章總體內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上 去領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的言外之意 3 意圖態(tài)度題就是指針對(duì)作者的寫(xiě)作意圖 觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度和對(duì)事件的評(píng)價(jià)設(shè)問(wèn)的閱讀理解題目 作者在文章中不僅客觀(guān)地進(jìn)行敘述和說(shuō)明 往往還持有某種態(tài)度 如對(duì)某一觀(guān)點(diǎn)或贊同或反對(duì) 或肯定或批評(píng) 因此這類(lèi)題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn) 情感 態(tài)度 寫(xiě)作目的和意圖的理解能力 作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)和態(tài)度除了直接表達(dá)外 還經(jīng)常在文章中間接表達(dá)出來(lái) 考生可以通過(guò)全文的敘述 從文章的主要內(nèi)容去理解作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn) 有時(shí)作者也會(huì)在文章中用特殊的詞匯表達(dá)自己的思想感情 同學(xué)們要從文章中的用詞 語(yǔ)氣或?qū)δ硞€(gè)細(xì)節(jié)的陳述來(lái)推斷作者的態(tài)度 觀(guān)點(diǎn)等 4 意圖態(tài)度題考查目標(biāo)比較明確 題干一般都含有accordingtotheauthor attitude opinion believe consider regard等詞或短語(yǔ) 這類(lèi)題目除了考查作者在整篇文章中所表現(xiàn)的態(tài)度和寫(xiě)作意圖外 有時(shí)還考查作者對(duì)具體的某個(gè)人或事物的態(tài)度或評(píng)價(jià) 5 1 意圖態(tài)度題常見(jiàn)的命題方式有以下幾種 1 inwritingthepassage theauthorintendsto 2 theauthorwritesthispassage textmainlyto 3 thepurposeofthepassageisto 4 accordingtotheauthor 5 intheauthor sopinion 6 theauthorthinks believes suggests seemsthat 7 howdoestheauthorfeelabout 8 whatistheauthor sopinion ideaabout 9 whichofthefollowingwilltheauthoragree disagreewith 10 thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas 6 11 whatisthetone moodofthepassage 12 whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheattitudeoftheauthortowards 13 theauthor sattitudeto isthat 14 howdoestheauthorprobablyfeelabout 7 2 意圖態(tài)度題解題策略 1 寫(xiě)作目的 意圖推測(cè)題此類(lèi)題型要求考生根據(jù)文章的論述 推測(cè)作者的寫(xiě)作意圖及應(yīng)用某種寫(xiě)作手法的目的 作者一般不直接陳述自己的意圖 而是通過(guò)文章所提供的事實(shí) 客觀(guān)地使讀者信服某種想法或意見(jiàn) 這種題型不僅要求考生能理解文章的內(nèi)容 更重要的是一定要對(duì)文章主題有正確的把握 而且還要具備對(duì)作者所闡述的問(wèn)題及寫(xiě)作手法進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)和分析的能力 不同題材的文章可能有不同的目的 概括起來(lái)有以下幾點(diǎn) 講述一段有趣的經(jīng)歷 娛樂(lè)讀者使之發(fā)笑 常見(jiàn)于故事類(lèi)文章 說(shuō)服讀者接受某種觀(guān)點(diǎn) 常見(jiàn)于廣告類(lèi)文章 告知讀者某些信息 常見(jiàn)于科普類(lèi)文章 新聞報(bào)道類(lèi)文章 文化類(lèi)或者社會(huì)類(lèi)文章 8 典例分析 2016 全國(guó) 卷 c ifyouareafruitgrower orwouldliketobecomeone takeadvantageofappledaytoseewhat saround it scalledappledaybutinpracticeit smorelikeapplemonth thedayitselfisonoctober21 butsinceithascaughton eventsnowspreadoutovermostofoctoberaroundbritain visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee andoftentaste awidevarietyofapples topeoplewhoareusedtothelimitedchoiceofapplessuchasgoldendeliciousandroyalgalainsupermarkets itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence suchasdeciowhichwasgrownbytheromans althoughitdoesn ttasteofanythingspecial it sstillworthatry asistheknobbly 多疙瘩的 cat sheadwhichismoreofacuriositythananythingelse 9 therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions oneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisorleansreinette butyou llneedawarm shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit soit sapipedreamformostappleloverswhofallforit attheevents youcanmeetexpertgrowersanddiscusswhichoneswillbestsuityourconditions andbecausethesearefamilyaffairs childrenarewellcateredforwithapple themedfunandgames appledaysarebeingheldatallsortsofplaceswithaninterestinfruit includingstatelygardensandcommercialorchards 果園 ifyouwanttohavearealorchardexperience tryvisitingthenationalfruitcollectionatbrogdale nearfavershaminkent 10 31 whatistheauthor spurposeinwritingthetext a toshowhowtogrowapples b tointroduceanapplefestival c tohelppeopleselectapples d topromoteappleresearch 寫(xiě)作意圖題 通讀全篇 文章主要介紹一個(gè)關(guān)于蘋(píng)果的節(jié)日 蘋(píng)果節(jié) 故選b項(xiàng) 11 2 態(tài)度 觀(guān)點(diǎn)判斷題作者的態(tài)度 思想傾向是指作者對(duì)陳述的觀(guān)點(diǎn)是贊同 反對(duì) 還是猶豫不決 對(duì)記敘或描寫(xiě)的人 物或事件等是贊揚(yáng) 同情 還是厭惡 憎恨 作者的這種思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間 或流露于修飾的詞語(yǔ)之中 因此 在推斷過(guò)程中 應(yīng)特別注意文中作者的措辭 通常這一類(lèi)的關(guān)鍵詞為 advise convince 使信服 present propose warn等 表達(dá)作者態(tài)度和觀(guān)點(diǎn)的形容詞有 objective 客觀(guān)的 subjective 主觀(guān)的 neutral 中立的 positive 積極的 negative 消極的 approval 贊成的 disapproval 不贊成的 indifferent 冷漠的 sarcastic 諷刺的 critical 批判的 optimistic 樂(lè)觀(guān)的 pessimistic 悲觀(guān)的 等 12 典例分析 2016 四川卷 c inthedepthsofthefrenchguianeserainforest therestillremainunusualgroupsofindigenous 土著的 people surprisingly thesepeoplelivelargelybytheirownlawsandtheirownsocialcustoms andyet peopleinthisareaareinfactfrenchcitizensbecauseithasbeenacolony 殖民地 ofthefrenchrepublicsince1946 intheory theyshouldlivebythefrenchlaw however theirremotelocationsmeanthatthefrenchlawisoftenignoredorunknown thusmakingthemintoaninterestingareaof lawlessness intheworld thelivesofthesepeoplehavefinallybeenrecordedthankstotheeffortsofafrenchmanfrompariscalledgin ginspentfivemonthsinearly2015exploringthemostremotecornersofthisarea whichsitsontheedgeoftheamazonrainforest withhalfitspopulationofonly250 000livinginitscapital cayenne 13 ihaveaspecialloveforthefrenchguianesepeople ihaveworkedthereonandoffforalmosttenyears saysgin i vebeenabletokeepfirmfriendshipswiththem thusihavebeenallowedtogainaccesstotheirlivingenvironment idon tseeitasalawlessland butratheriseeitasanareaoffreedom iwantedtoshowtheaudienceaphotographicrecordtouchingupontheuncivilizedlife continuesgin iprefertoworkinblackandwhite whichallowsmetoshowdifferentspecificworldsmoreclearly hisblack and whitepicturespresentaworldalmostlostintime thesepicturesshowpeopleseeminglypushedintoaworldthattheywereunpreparedfor theselocalcitizensnowhavetobalancetheirtraditionalself supportinghuntinglifestylewiththelifestyleofferedbythemodernfrenchrepublic whichbringswithitnotonlynecessarystatewelfare butalsoalcoholism betrayalandevensuicide 14 30 whatisgin sattitudetowardsthelivesoftheindigenousguianese a cautious b doubtful c uninterested d appreciative 觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題 根據(jù)文章第三段中的 ihaveaspecialloveforthefrenchguianesepeople 可知 gin對(duì)圭亞那人有著特殊的喜愛(ài)之情 故選d項(xiàng) 15 a b c 2015 天津卷 d oncewheniwasfacingadecisionthatinvolvedhighrisk iwenttoafriend helookedatmeforamoment andthenwroteasentencecontainingthebestadvicei veeverhad beboldandbrave andmighty 強(qiáng)大的 forceswillcometoyouraid thosewordsmademeseeclearlythatwhenihadfallenshortinthepast itwasseldombecauseihadtriedandfailed itwasusuallybecauseihadletfearoffailurestopmefromtryingatall ontheotherhand wheneverihadplungedintodeepwater forcedbycourageorcircumstance ihadalwaysbeenabletoswimuntiligotmyfeetonthegroundagain 16 a b c boldnessmeansadecisiontobiteoffmorethanyouaresureyoucaneat andthereisnothingmysteriousaboutthemightyforces theyarepotentialpowerswepossess energy skill soundjudgment creativeideas evenphysicalstrengthgreaterthanmostofusrealize admittedly thosemightyforcesarespiritualones buttheyaremoreimportantthanphysicalones acollegeclassmateofmine tim wasanexcellentfootballplayer eventhoughheweighedmuchlessthantheaverageplayer inonegameisuddenlyfoundmyselfconfrontingahugeplayer whohadnothingbutmebetweenhimandourgoalline saidtim iwassofrightenedthaticlosedmyeyesanddesperatelythrewmyselfatthatguylikeabullet 子彈 andstoppedhimcold 17 a b c boldness awillingnesstoextendyourselftotheextreme isnotonethatcanbeacquiredovernight butitcanbetaughttochildrenanddevelopedinadults confidencebuildsup surely therewillbesetbacks 挫折 anddisappointmentsinlife boldnessinitselfisnoguaranteeofsuccess butthepersonwhotriestodosomethingandfailsisalotbetteroffthanthepersonwhotriestodonothingandsucceeds so alwaystrytolivealittlebitbeyondyourabilities andyou llfindyourabilitiesaregreaterthanyoueverdreamed 語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀 本文為議論文 作者通過(guò)自己和一位大學(xué)同學(xué)的事例說(shuō)明自信和勇敢的重要性 告誡人們不要讓恐懼束縛自己的手腳 鼓勵(lì)人們最大限度地發(fā)掘自身潛能 18 a b c 1 whywastheauthorsometimesunabletoreachhisgoalinthepast a hefacedhugerisks b helackedmightyforces c fearpreventedhimfromtrying d failureblockedhiswaytosuccess c 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題 根據(jù)第二段第二句內(nèi)容可知 作者過(guò)去有時(shí)不能夠達(dá)到自己的目標(biāo)是因?yàn)樗ε率?根本沒(méi)有去嘗試 19 a b c 2 whatistheimpliedmeaningoftheunderlinedpart a swallowmorethanyoucandigest b actslightlyaboveyourabilities c developmoremysteriouspowers d learntomakecreativedecisions b 解析推理判斷題 根據(jù)下文的 evenphysicalstrengthgreaterthanmostofusrealize 可推斷 此處表示我們能夠做到一些稍微超出我們能力范圍的事情 20 a b c 3 whatwasespeciallyimportantfortim ssuccessfuldefenseinthefootballgame a hisphysicalstrength b hisbasicskill c hisrealfear d hisspiritualforce d 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題 根據(jù)第四段第一句 admittedly thosemightyforcesarespiritualones 可推斷出 蒂姆在足球比賽中成功地防守 主要是因?yàn)樗木窳α堪l(fā)揮了作用 21 a b c 4 whatcanbelearnedfromparagraph5 a confidencegrowsmorerapidlyinadults b tryingwithoutsuccessismeaningless c repeatedfailurecreatesabetterlife d boldnesscanbegainedlittlebylittle d 解析推理判斷題 根據(jù)第五段前三句可以推斷出 自信和勇敢不可能一蹴而就 但可以逐漸培養(yǎng)起來(lái) 22 a b c 5 whatistheauthor spurposeinwritingthispassage a toencouragepeopletobecourageous b toadvisepeopletobuildupphysicalpower c totellpeoplethewaystoguaranteesuccess d torecommendpeopletodevelopmoreabilities a 解析寫(xiě)作意圖題 文章第一段最后一句就點(diǎn)明了作者的寫(xiě)作目的 作者通過(guò)自身經(jīng)歷鼓勵(lì)人們?cè)絹?lái)越勇敢和自信 從而發(fā)揮自己的最大潛能 23 a b c ihadstarteddoingmynewjobwhenistartedgettingtheseterribleheadachesalmosteveryday icouldn tpureoutwhatwascausingthem mydentisttoldmethatitwasmywisdomteeththatcausedtheheadaches headvisedmetogetmywisdomteethremoved butirefused iwasworkingforasmallwagewithnosickleaveandhadnowayofpaying 1 500forthesurgery mywisdomteethweregettingsobadthatihadgottenaterribleinfectioninmyjaw 頜 andneckthatwasthreateningmylife idecidedtoremovethem tomysurpriseifoundthatiworkedwithangels someofthemostgenerouspeoplei veevermet everyonewasterriblyworriedaboutmeandinsistedonhelpingmeout theassistantdivisionmanagerwantedtofindsomewaythatwouldhelpmegetthemoneyineeded 24 a b c theydecidedtoholdabakesaletogetmoneyformysurgery iwasverygratefulwheniheardaboutthis butfigureditwouldonlymakeafewhundredprobably tomyastonishment attheendofthedaytheypresentedmewithover 1 000towardsmysurgery icried ihadneverhadsomuchkindnessbestowed 給予 uponmeinmylife iknewtheyaddedtheirmoneytoit twoweeksbeforemysurgery iwasverysickandtheyarrangedformetotakethepaidtimeoff iwentthroughmysurgerysuccessfullyandimadeapromisethatafteriwasfullyrecoverediwouldsparenoefforttohelpothers theirkindnesswasremarkable andiwillrememberitfortherestofmylife theyaretrulyangelsandi msoluckytoworkwiththem 語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀 本文為記敘文 文章向我們講述了作者接受同事幫助拔掉智齒的一次經(jīng)歷 25 a b c 1 whydidn ttheauthorfollowthedentist sadviceonremovinghiswisdomteethatfirst a becausehewasafraidtopullhiswisdomteethout b becausehebelievedthattherewasnoneedtoremovethem c becausehehadnosickleaveandhadtoworkalldaylong d becausehewassopoorthathecouldn taffordthesurgery d 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題 由第一段倒數(shù)第三句 iwasworkingforasmallwagewithnosickleaveandhadnowayofpaying 1 500forthesurgery 我工資少 沒(méi)有帶薪休病假的待遇 并且沒(méi)錢(qián)支付1 500美元的高額手術(shù)費(fèi) 可知 d項(xiàng)正確 26 a b c 2 inordertohelphim theauthor sworkmates 1 heldabakesaletoraisemoney 2 gavetheauthortheirownmoneysecretly 3 lettheauthortakeapaidleave 4 helpedtheauthorwithhisworka 1 2 3 b 1 3 4 c 2 3 4 d 1 2 4 a 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題 由第三段第一句 theydecidedtoholdabakesaletogetmoneyformysurgery 可知 1 正確 由第三段倒數(shù)第二句 iknewtheyaddedtheirmoneytoit 可知 2 正確 由第三段最后一句 twoweeksbeforemysurgery iwasverysickandtheyarrangedformetotakethepaidtimeoff 可知 3 正確 故選a項(xiàng) 27 a b c 3 fromthepassageweknowthat a theauthorhadastrongmindb theauthorhadnevergottenothers helpbeforec theauthorhadn tthoughthecouldgetsomuchhelpd theauthordidn tgetalongwellwithhisworkmatesinthepast c 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題 由第三段第三句中的 tomyastonishment 及第四句 icried 可知 大家的幫助讓作者出乎意料 28 a b c 4 theauthor sattitudetowardshisworkmatesisthatof a guiltyb appreciationc envyd criticism b 解析觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度題 由第三段第二句中的 iwasverygratefulwheniheardaboutthis 當(dāng)我聽(tīng)到這條消息時(shí) 內(nèi)心十分感激 及最后一段第二句 theirkindnesswasremarkable andiwillrememberitfortherestofmylife 他們?nèi)柿x盡顯 我將永生難忘 可知 b項(xiàng)正確 29 a b c 5 itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthor a livesabetterlifethanbeforenowb willofferhelptoothersinreturnc haspaidoffhisdebtforthesurgeryd willworkhardertorepayhisworkmates b 解析推理判斷題 由最后一段第一句 iwentthroughmysurgerysuccessfullyandimadeapromisethatafteriwasfullyrecoverediwouldsparenoefforttohelpothers 手術(shù)進(jìn)行得十分順利 我承諾在我完全康復(fù)之后 會(huì)竭盡全力幫助他人 推知 b項(xiàng)正確 30 a b c justinandmarywokeupearly eventhoughtheywerevacationingattheiruncle slakehouse thenightbefore unclethomastoldthemaboutthefoggyfigurethathaunts 常出沒(méi)于 thelake justinandmaryweredeterminedtoseetheghostlycreaturebeforetheirvacationwasover isitfoggyoutside maryasked asjustinlookedoutofthewindow yup let sgo justinrushedtothedoorwithmary itwasonly5 00am soeveryoneelseinthehousewasstillasleep astheycrept 躡足前進(jìn) throughthekitchentothebackdoor marysniffedtheair ithadthescentofcoffeeandsomethingsweet sheshruggeditoffandfollowedjustinoutontotheboatdock 碼頭 thefoghadsettledoverthelake makingitimpossibletoseeanything 31 a b c doyouseeanything maryasked leaning 傾斜 forwardforacloserlook nothing doyouthinkunclethomaswasjusttryingtoscareuswiththatstory maryshookherhead rememberwhatunclethomassaid thefoggyfigurehauntsthelake we reonthedock maybethat swhywecan tseehim thepeopleinthestorywereinboats justincrepttowardtheendofthedock hecouldbarelyseetheoutlineofunclethomas sboat i llgofirst hecarefullyloweredhimselfintotheboatandthenreachedformary shand maryclimbedintotheboatandsatbesidehim shewasgettingnervousnowthattheywereonthewater seeanything 32 a b c theylookedaround andgradually thefogbegantolift maryturnedaroundandscreamed thefoggyfigure itwasintheboatwiththem justinandmaryhuggedeachotherinfear butthentheyheardalaugh justinleanedtowardthefoggyfigure unclethomas iknewthatstorywouldgetyoutwooutofbedearlyenoughtotakearideintheboatwithme marysighed happytherewasnofoggyfigureafterall justinlookedrelieved too unclethomasl